75,072 research outputs found
Krizleri incelemede kullan lan nitel tercih modelleri: Türkiye için bir probit model uygulamas : (1988-2009)
No full textÇal mam zda ilk olarak nitel tercih modelleri olan logit ve probit modellere yer verilemektedir. Ampirik k s mda; 1988-2009 döneminde Türkiye de, makroekonomik de i kenlerin krizleri aç klay c l probit modelle incelenmektedir. Ayr ca de i kenlere ait marjinal etkiler hesaplanarak krizlerin bu etkilenmenin derecesine de bak lm t r. Probit modeli sonuçlar na göre, faiz oran ve ithalat de i kenlerinin istatistiksel olarak anlams z ç km t r. Buna kar l k, enflasyon, döviz kuru, i sizlik oran , gayri safi milli has la ve endüstriyel üretim endeksi de i kenleri anlaml ve önemli olarak elde edilmi tir.In our study, firstly we are giving place to logit and probit models which are qualitative choice models. In the empirical part, 1988-2009 period in Turkey, we analyze the explanatory of macroeconomic variables on the crises by using probit model. Additionally, by calculating the marginal effects, we examine the degree of influences on crises. According to the probit model results; interest rate and import variables were found statistically insignificant, whereas inflation, exchange rate, unemployment rate, gross national product and industrial product index variables were obtained significant and important
Role of implants in the treatment of diabetic macular edema: focus on the dexamethasone intravitreal implant
No full textZafer Cebeci, Nur KirDepartment of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, TurkeyAbstract: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of sight-threatening complication in diabetic patients, and several treatment modalities have been developed and evaluated to treat this pathology. Intravitreal agents, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) or corticosteroids, have become more popular in recent years and are widely used for treating DME. Sustained release drugs appear to be mentioned more often nowadays for extending the period of intravitreal activity, and corticosteroids play a key role in inhibiting the inflammatory process in DME. A potent corticosteroid, dexamethasone (Ozurdex®), in the form of an intravitreal implant, has been approved for various ocular etiologies among which DME is also one. This review evaluates the role of implants in the treatment of DME, mainly focusing on the dexamethasone intravitreal implant.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetic macular edema, vascular endothelial growth factor, dexamethasone, Iluvien, corticosteroi
Estimation of genetic parameters and correlations for the first three lactation milk yields in Holstein Friesian cattle by the REML method
No full textBu çalışmada, Ceylanpınar Tarım işletmesi Siyah Alaca sürüsünde 1990-1997 yılları arasında doğum yapan 1816 baş inekten elde edilen toplam 3484 adet süt verim kaydı (1520 adet 1 ., 1206 adet 2. ve 758 adet 3. laktasyon kaydı) bireysel hayvan modeli altında Kısıtlanmış Maksimum Olabilirlik (Restricted Maximum Likelihood: REML) yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve laktasyon sıralarına ait süt verimleri için kalıtım dereceleri ile bu özellikler arasındaki genetik ve fenotipik korelasyonlar tahmin edilmiştir. Analizde, 305 güne düzeltilmiş süt verimleri kullanılmış ve şansa bağlı hayvan etkisi yanında sabit etkili faktörler olarak buzağılama yılı ve buzağılama ayı (kesikli), ile buzağılama yaşı (ay sürekli) alınmış ve bu faktörlerin süt verimlerini etkiledikleri görülmüştür (P<0.01) Yapılan analiz sonucu 1., 2. ve 3. laktasyon sıraları için 305 günlük süt verim ortalamaları sırasıyla 5046,3 ± 31,13 kg, 5175,8 ± 37,02 kg ve 5268,2 ± 47,32 kg olarak bulunmuştur. Aynı şekilde l ., 2. ve 3. laktasyon süt verimine ait kalıtım dereceleri sırasıyla 0,297 ± 0,025, 0,369 ± 0,027 ve 0,359 ± 0,034 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Laktasyon sıralarına ait süt verimleri arasındaki genetik korelasyonlar (1. ve 2. laktasyon için 0,738 ± 0,017, 1. ve 3. laktasyon için 0,632 ± 0,022, 2. ve 3. laktasyon için de 0,742 ± 0,024) pozitif yönde ve istatistik! olarak önemli bulunurken; fenotipik korelasyonlar da aynı sırasıyla 0,569 ± 0,021 , 0,487 ± 0,052 ve 0,542 ± 0,031 ve istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur.In this study, 3484 milk yield records (1520 first, 1206 second and 758 third lactations) obtained from 1816 cows born between 1 990 and 1 997 in the Holstein-Friesian herd of Ceylanpmar State Farm were used to estimate the heritabilities, and genetic and phenotypic correlations between lactation milk yields using an individual -animal model and the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method. In the model studied, 305-day milk yields were used and individual animal effects were assumed to be a random effect, calving year and calving months were fixed effects, and calving age (as months) was a covariate, and all of these factors affected milk yields in a statistically significant manner (P < 0.01). Means of 305-day milk yields for the first, second and third lactations were 5046.3 ± 31 .13 kg, 5175.8 ± 37.02 kg and 5268.2 ± 47.32 kg, respectively. Heritabilities for the first, second and third lactations' milk yields were 0.297 ± 0.025, 0.369 ± 0.027 and 0.359 ± 0.034, respectively. Genetic correlations between the first and second, first and third, and second and third lactations were positive and statistically significant (0.738 ± 0.017, 0.632 ± 0.022 and 0.742 ± 0.024, respectively). Furthermore, for the same pairs of lactation numbers indicated above, phenotypic correlations were also positive and statistically significant (0.569 ± 0.021 , 0.487 ± 0.052 and 0.542 ± 0.031 , respectively)
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Final word on Jersey Dutch
No full textIn this article, William Z. Shetter compares and contrasts the dialects that developed between different Dutch colonies in the New World. He explores in-depth the nuances of Jersey Dutch, and provides theories to explain how Dutch and colonial languages blended. The article is reprinted from American Speech, December 1958, Volum XXXIII, No. 4
Disorganization of retinal inner layers as a biomarker in patients with diabetic macular oedema treated with dexamethasone implant
No full textPurpose: To investigate disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) as a biomarker in eyes with diabetic macular
oedema (DME) treated by intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant.
Methods: Multicentre, retrospective study including eyes with DME treated with DEX implant and follow-up of 12 months
after the first injection.OCTscans were evaluated for the presence of DRIL and other structural features. Best corrected visual
acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) were recorded at baseline and at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months after treatment.
Correlation between DRIL at baseline and outcomes after DEX treatment and the change in DRIL were analysed.
Results: Atotal of 177 eyes (177 patients; na€ıve, n = 131; refractory, n = 46) were included. Patients withoutDRILat baseline
gained significantly more vision and enjoyed greater reduction in CST over 12 months (both p = 0.03). DRIL at the boundary
between the ganglion cell-inner plexiform complex and inner nuclear layer improved in 48/64 eyes (75%, p < 0.001), while
DRIL between the inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer improved in 27/77 eyes (35%, p = 0.004).
Conclusions: This is the first study to show that DEX implant has the potential to ameliorate DRIL. Patients without
DRIL at baseline have a favourable outcome. DRIL may serve a robust biomarker in DME treated by DEX implant
Logarithmic variance profiles and the corresponding f-1 spectra of temperature fluctuations in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
No full textWe report experimental results for the temperature variance 2(z) and the corresponding frequency spectra P(f) in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) in a cylindrical sample of aspect ratioT= D/L = 1:00 (D = 1:12 m is the diameter and L = 1:12 m the height). The measurements were conducted in the Rayleigh-number range 1011 < Ra < 1:35 1014 and Pr ' 0:8. For Ra = 1:35x1014, 2(z) could be described well by a logarithmic dependence on the vertical position z in a range of z 1 < z < z 2 with z 1 ' 70 and z 2 = 0:1L. Here L=(2Nu) is the thickness of a thin thermal sublayer adjacent to the horizontal plate where the heat flux (denoted by the Nusselt number Nu) is carried mostly by thermal diffusion. In the log layer, we found that the temperature spectra had a significant frequency range over which P(f) f with close to 1. As Ra decreased, increased so that the log layer became thinner. At Ra = 2:05 1011, z 2 < z 1 and therefore there was no range for a log layer. Correspondingly, the temperature spectrum near the horizontal plate did not have the f1 scaling form either
Statistics of the subgrid scales after the shock-turbulence interaction
No full textThe interaction of a normal shock with isotropic turbulence (IT) represents a basic problem for studying some of the phenomena associated with high speed flows, such as hypersonic flight, supersonic combustion and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF). In general, in practical applications, the shock width is much smaller than the turbulence scales and the upstream turbulent Mach number is modest. In this case, recent high resolution shock-resolved Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) (Ryu and Livescu, J. Fluid Mech., 756, R1, 2014) show that the interaction can be described by the Linear Interaction Approximation (LIA). By using LIA to alleviate the need to solve the shock, DNS post-shock data can be generated at much higher Reynolds numbers than previously possible. Here, such results with Taylor Reynolds number around are used to investigate the properties of the subgrid scales (SGS). In particular, it is shown that the shock interaction decreases the asymmetry of the SGS dissipation PDF as the shock Mach number increases, with a significant enhancement in size of the regions and magnitude of backscatter
Transition to turbulence in a qblique shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction at M=15
No full textDirect numerical simulations are carried out for different forcing techniques to trigger transition during the interaction between an oblique shock-wave and a laminar boundary-layer at M = 1.5. Three forcing methods are used: a) forcing of oblique unstable modes, whose shape and behaviour are determined by the local linear stability theory, b) broadband free-stream acoustic disturbances, and c) a cold plasma flow control device. While the oblique-mode breakdown is dominant for low-amplitude forcing, long streaky structures drive the transition process in a high-amplitude disturbance environment. LES are also performed on the experimental setup by the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ITAM) from Novosibirsk State University with cold plasma actuation. As well as the disturbance type, the effect of Reynolds number and forcing amplitude will be investigated
Graphene from waste tire by recycling technique for cost-effective and light-weight automotive plastic part production
No full textLight weight vehicle design is a principal keystone to improving fuel efficiency and vehicle performance whilst reducing adverse environmental impacts. At this point, graphene is a solution with a high potential to further reduce vehicle weight and improve mechanical and thermal properties. With a unique combination of mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, graphene shows great potential for exploitation in the automotive industry. In the present work, we developed a technology for the production of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) from recycled carbon black obtained from the pyrolysis of waste tire by using recycling and upcycling technology. This graphene is comparably cheaper than available ones in the market. This graphene as a reinforcing and nucleating agent was used to reduce glass fiber amount for the production of cost-effective and light-weight automotive plastic composite part by extrusion and injection techniques. With this newly developed compound, polyamide 66 (PA66) based automotive part was produced by the integration of 1 wt% GNP and providing 10% weight reduction. Consequently, this multidisciplinary work will favor the integration of new knowledge and will ensure significant innovation potential in the field of new thermoplastic based composites for the automotive industry
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