1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A critical examination of the scientific credentials of Marine Protected Areas :sound science or a leap of faith?
Get PDFPhD ThesisMarine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been widely advocated as a tool to protect
marine species and habitats and also as a precautionary measure to prevent
overfishing. This thesis attempts to do two things: 1) explain the emergence of MPAs in
international and national polices by applying three policy network models – the
epistemic community, advocacy coalition, and discourse coalition; and 2) discuss the
scientific and normative debates surrounding the designation of MPAs in England. In
essence it is a critical analysis of how the natural science of MPAs has been produced,
interpreted and applied to inform marine planning. The recurring argument
throughout this thesis is that advocacy from scientists for MPAs, particularly no-take
marine reserves (NMRs) on the basis of their benefits to fisheries, has caused the
science-policy boundary to blur.
Chapters 3 and 4 examine the social context in which science on MPAs has been
produced. Chapter 3 applies social network analysis to study co-author relationships in
the MPA literature, and also examines paper citation networks between different
research fields. The main findings were that 90% of scientists leading research on
MPAs are marine ecologists and that MPA studies dominate the wider marine
literature in terms of the number of publications and number of citations. It is
speculated that the popularity of MPAs with marine environmental organisations has
meant that a disproportionate amount of money has been spent on MPA research
compared to other types of marine management intervention. Chapter 4 examines the publication practices of scientists, and also their experiences of having articles rejected
in the peer-review process. Ten percent of scientists who responded did indicate that
they thought their manuscript had been rejected because of ideological bias (pro-MPA
or anti-MPA) held by a peer-reviewer or editor, though no scientists admitted to self-
censorship. Interestingly, a bias towards studies showing stronger effect sizes is likely
to exist in the wider ecology literature due to the way that research is incentivised and
how researchers prioritise their time; it is easier to get larger effect sizes published in
higher impact journals, and it takes more time for a researcher to publish non-
significant effects in lower impact journals. The ramification of this finding is that
claims made by meta-analyses on the ecological effects of MPAs are likely to be
exaggerated.
Chapter 5 systematically reviewes the literature showing the ecological effects of
MPAs. The main finding was that the majority of studies have focused on the
measurement of fish biomass within no-take marine reserves (NMRs), and that
measurements have been mainly made on fish assemblages residing over reef type
habitats. The evidence for the effect of MPAs on the recovery of temperate fin-fish
species residing in soft sediment systems is less clear, thus it is problematic if scientists
over-generalise claims on the benefits of MPAs, particularly NMRs, to commercial fin-
fish fisheries found around England.
In chapter 6 key-informant interviews were carried out with leading members of the
English policy community to examine competing worldviews on Marine Conservation
Zones (MCZs). A discourse analysis was undertaken on the interview transcripts, and
also relevant policy literature that has informed the planning of MCZs in England. Two
general discourses were identified, one emphasising the establishment of MPA
networks driven by ecological theory whose adherents consist mainly of
conservationists, and another, whose adherents consist mainly of members of the
fishing industry, emphasised the establishment of MPAs on a case-by case basis to
protect habitats vulnerable to damage by mobile fishing gears. This study found that
debates preceding the introduction of MCZs were heavily influenced by a popular
discourse that documented the decline of English marine ecosystems and emphasised
the use of MCZs as a fisheries management tool to rebuild fish stocks. This
subsequently caused confusion amongst stakeholders over what objectives MCZs are
being designated to achieve, and in the confusion, important normative areas of
debate such as equity and fairness issues were overlooked.
The concluding chapter focuses on the role of the scientist in the policy process, and
discusses how the linear transfer of information from scientist to policy maker is
undesirable. It argues that scientists need to be more reflexive in how their underlying
worldview affects how they conduct their research, and also affects how they interpret
the meaning of their research findings for policy makers. The thesis argues that
institutions that encourage a two-way dialogue between scientists, managers,
fishermen, and wider civil society need to form, thereby increasing the salience,
credibility and legitimacy of scientific knowledge for policy
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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