1,721,047 research outputs found
Effects of multi-strains yeast supplementation on health and performances in male Holstein calves
No full textIntroduction. Use of antibiotics in livestock production has become a sensitive issue due to the reported cases of antibiotic resistance to pathogens in humans [1]. A correct and specific diet in beef cattle breeding cycle plays a key role to grant a better health and welfare of the animals [2]. The use of yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular) in the diet of livestock animals, it is now a well-established practice [3, 4] and the positive effects obtained are known [5].
Animals, materials and methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the health and the performances of young male dairy calves (17±3d) after S. cerevisiae and C. jadinii fractions product supplementation. At a commercial farm, 158 veal calves were enrolled and divided in two groups balanced for live weight: a control group (CTR) 57 animals (no supplementation) and a treated one (TRT) 101 animals (multi-strains yeast supplementation). Both groups were fed with a mixture of milk replacer (chemical composition %: CP 19, EE 17, ash 8) from 400 to 2600g/h/d in 4-16L/h/d, and grain mix with chopped straw (chemical composition %: CP 13.5, EE 3.2, CF 8.2, ash 4.1, DM 88) from 100 to 3500g/h/d. For TRT multi-strains yeast was added in the milk replacer: 5g/h/d during the first 30d, then 3g/h/d until d90. The diet was the same for both groups from d90 to 190 (slaughter). For all animals, mortality, morbidity (veterinary treatments) and individual carcass weights were collected. Blood parameters (Hg, RDW, MCV; d30, 73, 115, 150) and electrophoresis for blood protein characterization (d47, 118) were analysed in 23 randomly selected animals (12 CTR and 11 TRT). On sampled animals, body weights were measured (d0, 47, 82). All data were subjected to AOV procedure then T-test when significant differences were detected.
Results and discussion. Health of calves was improved, but no difference was observed in mortality. Morbidity was reduced from 56% in CTR to 38% in TRT (P<.05), with a reduction of number of chronic animals (≥2 treatments per animal) by 50% (P<.05, table 1). Numerically, the reduction of veterinary treatments was mainly due to reduction of enteric treatments in TRT (-26%). Sampled animals’ ADG was impacted. ADG in TRT was 263g/d and 321g/d higher than in CRT (P<.01) from d0 to 47 and 47 to 82 respectively. Total carcass weight was numerically higher in TRT (+3.4%) than in CTR. Content of total proteins was higher in TRT (P<.01), with higher percentage of γ-globulins (P<.01) and higher percentage of α1-globulins (P<.01). These analyses are in favour of a better activated immune system of veal calves in TRT. No differences were observed on RDW and MCV. No differences in Hg average concentration, but more homogeneity in TRT.
Table 1. Therapies carried out during the trial.
CTR TRT P
% healthy calves (0 treatment) 43.9b 63.4a <.05
% animals treated once 26.3a 21.8a
% animals treated twice or more (chronic) 29.8a 14.9b
Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the addition of multi-strains yeast supplement in the milk replacer during the first 90d of the lifecycle improved the health of veal calves. These results are in line with reduction in use of antimicrobial treatments in farms.
References: [1] Langford et al. (2003) J. Dairy Sci. 86:3963-3966; [2] Heinrichs et al. (2011) J. Dairy Sci. 94:336-341; [3] Alugongo et al. (2017) J. Dairy Sci. 100:1189-1199; [4] Xiao et al. (2019) Animals. 9:4; [5] Robinson et al. (2009) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 149:185-98
Judicial Associations Across Europe: Balancing the Narrative
Full text linkWhile in some countries judicial associations have long been objects of scholarly interest, the burgeoning debate over judicial independence in Europe and the growing interconnection between associations of different states have broadened the discussion beyond strictly domestic borders. The adoption of a specific opinion on judicial associations by the Consultative Council of European Judges on November 6, 2020 (No. 23/2020) is further evidence of the increasing transnational attention to the topic. To draft such an Opinion, questionnaires were submitted to Council of Europe (CoE) Member States. By analysing and classifying the replies of the CoE Member States, we first intend to offer a comprehensive assessment of the European experiences to highlight convergences and divergences. Secondly, we aim to juxtapose the representation of judicial associations as it emerges from the replies with the one debated in legal scholarship. To this end, we will try to understand the role of judicial associations in promoting and upholding judicial independence, with particular emphasis on the Italian Case
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Evoluzione della sensibilità di Stemphylium vesicarium, agente della maculatura bruna del pero, ai fungicidi in Italia
No full textRiassunto
E’ stata osservata una diffusa resistenza di Stemphylium vesicarium ai dicarbossimidici e la sua regressione, in seguito all’interruzione dei trattamenti, in tempi variabili a seconda della frequenza di individui resistenti selezionati nel frutteto. Si è riscontrata una resistenza incrociata del patogeno tra dicarbossimidici e fludioxonil, presente però solo in un fenotipo raro e che pertanto non costituisce un reale problema in campo. La sensibilità di S. vesicarium agli analoghi delle strobilurine, dopo circa dieci anni dalla loro introduzione in campo, non ha subito modifiche sostanziali, anche se sono stati recentemente riscontrati sporadici isolati resistenti. I noti ditiocarbammati e il recente boscalid non hanno evidenziato variazioni di sensibilità
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