136,098 research outputs found
Codice civile con la Costituzione, i Trattati europei e le principali norme complementari
No full textSi tratta di un codice civile, con la Costituzione e le principali norme complementari. Ciascuno degli autori ne ha curato una parte e l'attribuzione della curatela è indicata alla pagina 2. In particolare, la dott. Roberta Catalano si è occupata di curare i libri primo, terzo e quarto del Codice civile, nonché le sezioni intitolate "Diritti dell'Uomo e Libertà fondamentali", Trattati europei", Disposizioni sulla legge applicabile", "Adozione", "Consumatore", Famiglia e maternità", Informatica ed internet", Obbligazioni e contratti", Vendita e commercio"
Estudo da cobrança como instrumento de gestão social de bacias hidrográficas: uma aplicação à bacia hidrográfica do Rio Cubatão do Sul
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental.A Lei Federal 9.433/97 instituiu no Brasil a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e criou o Sistema Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, definindo fundamentos, objetivos, diretrizes e instrumentos para a gestão social da água como um bem público. Esta Lei enfatiza a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de planejamento e gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos através da participação da sociedade, permitindo assim, a mediação e o diálogo no processo da utilização sustentável da água. Considerando a existência da aplicação da cobrança em vários países, bem como as experiências já existentes no Brasil, este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar metodologias de cobrança com a finalidade de sugerir, com a participação do Comitê Cubatão, um modelo para a Bacia do Rio Cubatão do Sul, localizada no estado de Santa Catarina, levando em conta suas peculiaridades e realidade. A metodologia aplicada obedeceu às seguintes etapas: revisão bibliográfica; verificação junto aos organismos de bacia dos modelos de cobrança já existentes; estudo das variáveis e as justificativas sociais e econômicas para a cobrança dentro de cada um destes modelos; a definição do modelo de cobrança para a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cubatão do Sul, a partir da participação dos membros do Comitê Cubatão; e finalmente, simulação do modelo proposto. Como resultado de uma análise dos dados levantados, exploração das possibilidades existentes, similaridades e, principalmente, pelas atuais limitações de cadastro de usuários na bacia estudada, o modelo escolhido pelos membros do Comitê para a Bacia do Cubatão do Sul foi aquele adotado na Bacia do Paraíba do Sul. Além disso, também foram considerados os critérios recomendados pela OCDE quando da adoção de instrumentos econômicos: praticabilidade e aceitabilidade, critérios estes, facilitadores para a compreensão do modelo proposto por parte dos usuários, que são aqueles que mais necessitam entendê-lo. The Brazilian Federal Law 9.433 instituted in 1997 the "National Politics of Water Resources" and created the National Water Resources System, defining Fundamental considerations, objectives, lines of direction and instruments for water resource management as a public good. The Law emphasizes the watersheds are the units for the planning and management of water resources and the participation of the society is one of its main fundamental considerations, thus it allows the mediation and the dialogue in the process of managing for the sustainability of water use. Considering the existence and the application of water charge instrument in some countries as well as the Brazilian experiences in that field, this work's objective was to study methodologies of water charge with the purpose to suggest, within a participative group of the Cubatão do Sul Watershed Management Committee, a model for the Cubatão do Sul river basin, located in the state of Santa Catarina. This work took place considering the local peculiarities and reality. The applied methodology obeyed the following stages: bibliographical revision; verification within the watershed management commitees about the existing water charge models; study of the mathematical variables and the social and economic justifications for water charge in each one of these models; the participative definition of the model of water charge which is more adapted for the application on the Cubatão do Sul river basin with the members of a Work Group that belong to the river Cubatão do Sul Watershed Management Committee; and finally, simulation of the considered model for the Cubatão do Sul do Sul river basin. As result of an asset of the raised data, exploration of the existing possibilities, similarities and, mainly, considering the current limitations the registration of water users in the studied basin, the model chosen by the members of the Cubatão do Sul river basin was that one developed and adopted in the Paraíba do Sul river basin. Moreover were also considered the main criteria recommended by the OCDE as the adoption of economic instruments: practicability and acceptability, criteria which make the understanding of the water charge model easier for the users, who will deal with this instrument on a daily basis and thus need to understand it well
CATALANO. IL DESIGN DEL BAGNO NELLA CULTURA D'IMPRESA
No full text“Catalano. Il design del bagno nella cultura d’impresa” apre con un’esaustiva speculazione scientifica su alcuni modelli “culturali” dello spazio bagno del novecento, cui sono stati attribuiti specifici caratteri, generi e identità. Elementi tutti descrivibili attraverso icone dell’immaginario collettivo, alla cui costruzione hanno contribuito l’architettura, l’arte, il cinema e la letteratura.
Rispetto a questi modelli, si definisce “il bagno Catalano”, inteso come risultato di una profonda riflessione sul senso del produrre sanitari all’interno di processi sociali, culturali e architettonici della contemporaneità. S’inquadra il progetto Catalano in alcuni filoni speculativi che vanno dalle “Teorie della semplicità” e della sua ricerca, alla “Teoria dei Sistemi”. A essere indagati e raccontati sono soprattutto gli ultimi dieci anni della storia aziendale, più significativi di una originale strategia imprenditoriale e associabili ad alcune famiglie di prodotti che risultano essere emblematiche dei valori e dei contenuti aziendali, primo tra tutti il sistema ZERO. Per contenere la spinta autocelebrativa si leggono - impaginate liberamente e trasversalmente all’interno del volume - frasi, appunti, annotazioni, a firma di autorevoli personaggi del mondo del design, dell’economia, dell’architettura, del marketing, con l’obiettivo di creare un livello di narrazione parallelo rispetto ai contenuti degli altri capitoli. Un’intera sezione è invece dedicata alle innovazioni tecnologiche apportate negli anni, fino alla recente partnership con Sacmi, con cui Catalano sta realizzando un polo di eccellenza produttiva unico al mondo. Scelte tecnologiche tutte orientate alla ricerca di un livello qualitativo altissimo. Chiude la pubblicazione un breve excursus storico, illustrato con l’ausilio dell’infografica, in cui si visualizzano le tappe fondamentali dello sviluppo dell’azienda nei suoi primi quarant’anni
Parasites as biological tags to assess host population structure: guidelines, recent genetic advances and comments on a holistic approach
No full textAbstract not availableSarah R. Catalano, Ian D. Whittington, Stephen C. Donnellan, Bronwyn M. Gillander
Raimondo de Puyolis: un arcivescovo catalano a Messina nel Trecento
No full textOriginario di Salses, nella diocesi di Elne, il catalano Raimondo de Puyolis fu designato arcivescovo di Messina da Clemente VI nel 1342. Nei pochi anni in cui visse nella città dello Stretto cercò di esercitare un significativo ruolo economico e politico, recuperando decime e censi ed effettuando visite pastorali. Giunto nella sua diocesi dovette fronteggiare una rivolta. Riuscì poi a ottenere la fiducia dei canonici e degli esponenti del ceto cavalleresco. Il suo testamento, ritrovato a Toledo nell'Archivo Ducal de Medinaceli, consente di ricostruirne la personalità, la consistenza patrimoniale e la biblioteca
New perspectives in multi-party computation: low round complexity from new assumptions, financial fairness and public verifiability
No full textResearch in Multi-Party Computation is constantly evolving over the years. Starting from the very first result by Yao in 1982, to serve new and more practical scenarios, a lot of different protocols with stronger security properties have been introduced and proven for several assumptions.
For some functionalities, properties like public verifiability, fairness and round-optimality can be considered nowadays a minimal set of assumption to consider an MPC protocol practical. Asynchrony, in the sense that different parties should be able to join a protocol at different times, is fundamental for applications like decentralized lotteries, where the protocol execution can last even days. In such case, due to the involvement of monetary payments, parties must also be aware of what happens to their pockets when such protocols are run. In particular, they must be sure that the execution of a certain class of protocols is financially sustainable. We list below our three contributions to the thesis.
We firstly introduce a new theoretical result, showing how to achieve low round MPC from new assumptions.
In particular, we show how to construct maliciously secure oblivious transfer (M-OT) from a mild strengthening of key agreement (KA) which we call strongly uniform KA (SU-KA), where the latter roughly means that the messages sent by one party are computationally close to uniform, even if the other party is malicious.
Our transformation is black-box, almost round preserving (adding only a constant overhead of two rounds), and achieves standard simulation-based security in the plain model.
As we show, 2-round SU-KA can be realized from cryptographic assumptions such as low-noise LPN, high-noise LWE, Subset Sum, DDH, CDH and RSA---all with polynomial hardness---thus yielding a black-box construction of fully-simulatable, round-optimal, M-OT from the same set of assumptions (some of which were not known before).
By invoking a recent result of Benhamouda and Lin (EUROCRYPT 2017), we also obtain (non-black-box) 5-round maliciously secure MPC in the plain model, from the same assumptions.
Our second and third contributions are focused on the concrete application of MPC protocols achieving the aforementioned properties in real-world scenarios. In applications like decentralized lotteries, decentralized payment mechanisms like blockchains relying on smart contracts can be considered a powerful tool to enforce the correct behavior of cheating players with the aid of monetary incentives or punishments. In fact, a weaker version of fairness called fairness with penalties, firstly introduced in the lottery protocol of Andrychowicz et al. (S&P '14) and then formally defined by Bentov et al. (CRYPTO'14), can be used to ensure that corrupted players are incentivized to reveal the output to honest players. This can be done successfully through Bitcoin scripts or Ethereum smart contracts.
In our second contribution, we consider executions of smart contracts on forking blockchains (e.g., Ethereum) and study security and delay issues due to forks. As security notion for modeling executions of smart contracts, we focus on MPC. In particular, we consider on-chain MPC executions with the aid of smart contracts. The classical double-spending problem tells us that messages of the MPC protocol should be confirmed on-chain before playing the next ones, thus slowing down the entire execution.
This contribution consists of two results:
- For the concrete case of fairly tossing multiple coins with penalties, we notice that the lottery protocol of Andrychowicz et al. becomes insecure if players do not wait for the confirmations of several transactions. In addition, we present a smart contract that instead retains security even when all honest players immediately answer to transactions appearing on-chain. We analyze the performance using Ethereum as testbed.
- We design a compiler that takes any "digital and universally composable'' MPC protocol (with or without honest majority), and transforms it into another one (for the same task and same setup) which maintains security even if all messages are played on-chain without delays. The special requirements on the starting protocol mean that messages consists only of bits (e.g., no hardware token is sent) and security holds also in the presence of other protocols. We further show that our compiler satisfies fairness with penalties as long as honest players only wait for confirmations once.
By reducing the number of confirmations, our protocols can be significantly faster than natural constructions, maintaining at the same time public verifiability, asynchrony (obtained by making the parties posting messages to the blockchain via smart contracts), and fairness with penalties.
As a third contribution, we survey the state-of-the-art blockchain based penalty protocols (i.e achieving fairness with penalties) and pioneer another type of fairness, financial fairness, that is closer to the real-world valuation of financial transactions. Intuitively, a penalty protocol is financially fair if the net present cost of participation of honest parties--- i.e., the difference between the total value of cash inflows and the total value of cash outflows at the end of the protocol, weighted by the relative discount rate---is the same, even when some parties cheat.
Then, we show that the ladder protocol (CRYPTO'14), and its variants (CCS'15 and CCS'16), fail to achieve financial fairness both in theory and in practice, while the penalty protocols of Kumaresan and Bentov (CCS'14) and Baum, David and Dowsley (FC'20) are financially fair.
Moreover, it can be inferred that the fair with penalties extension of the generic compiler presented in our second contribution, based on CCS'14, is financially fair. Hence, our compiler is also financially sustainable
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