1,721,027 research outputs found
The impact of viral bronchiolitis phenotyping: Is it time to consider phenotype-specific responses to individualize pharmacological management?
No full textAlthough recent guidelines recommend a minimalist approach to bronchiolitis, there are several issues with this posture. First, there are concerns about the definition of the disease, the quality of the guidelines, the method of administration of bronchodilators, and the availability of tools to evaluate the response to therapies. Second, for decades it has been assumed that all cases of viral bronchiolitis are the same, but recent evidence has shown that this is not the case. Distinct bronchiolitis phenotypes have been described, with heterogeneity in clinical presentation, molecular immune signatures and clinically relevant outcomes such as respiratory failure and recurrent wheezing. New research is critically needed to refine viral bronchiolitis phenotyping at the molecular and clinical levels as well as to define phenotype-specific responses to different therapeutic options
Breathing patterns and oxygenation saturation during sleep in children habitually living at high altitude in the Andes: A systematic review
No full textBackground: Human respiratory physiology changes significantly in high altitude settings and these changes are particularly marked during sleep. It is estimated that 170 million people live above 2,500 m in environments where normal sleep parameters differ from those established at sea level or low altitude.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of publications reporting sleep studies in healthy children living at high altitude. For this purpose, data from PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO and Epistemomikos bases were retrieved up to August 2021.Results: Six articles met specified inclusion criteria; all reporting data were from South America involving 245 children (404 sleep studies) in children aged 0.6 months to 18 years, at altitudes between 2,560 to 3,775 m. The main results were: (1) Central apnea index decreased as the age increased. (2) The obstructive apnea/hypopnea index showed a bimodal profile with an increase in young infants up to age of 4 months, decreasing to 15 months of age, and then a second peak in children aged 4 to 9 years of age, dropping in older schoolchildren and adolescents. (3) Periodic breathing in the first months of life is more marked with increasing altitude and decreases with age.Conclusions: There are few studies of sleep physiology in children living at high altitude. The international parameters defining normal apnea indices currently used at low altitude cannot be applied to high altitude settings. The interpretation of sleep studies in children living at high altitude is complex because there are important developmental changes across childhood and a wide range of altitude locations. More normative data are required to determine thresholds for respiratory pathology at a variety of high altitude settings.</p
Cost‐utility of omalizumab for the treatment of uncontrolled moderate‐to‐severe persistent pediatric allergic asthma in a middle‐income country
No full textObjetivos
Aunque varios ensayos clínicos aleatorizados realizados en niños de 6 años y mayores con Omalizumab como terapia complementaria han informado mejoras en diversos resultados clínicos, la evidencia sobre su costo-efectividad no es suficiente, especialmente en países menos ricos, donde la carga clínica y económica de la enfermedad es la mayor. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis de costo-utilidad de agregar omalizumab al tratamiento estándar para el tratamiento de pacientes pediátricos con asma alérgica grave no controlada en Colombia, un país de ingresos medios (MIC).
Métodos
Se desarrolló un modelo de tipo Markov para estimar los costos y los resultados de salud de una cohorte simulada de pacientes pediátricos con asma persistente tratados durante un período de 5 años. Los datos de efectividad y las probabilidades de transición se obtuvieron de varias fuentes, incluidas revisiones sistemáticas con metanálisis. Los datos de costos se obtuvieron de las bases de datos oficiales proporcionadas por el Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. El estudio se realizó desde la perspectiva del sistema nacional de salud en Colombia. El resultado principal fue la variable "años de vida ajustados por calidad" (AVAC).
Resultados
Para el análisis de caso base, el análisis de costo-utilidad mostró que, en comparación con la estrategia de tratamiento estándar, la estrategia de omalizumab implicó costos más altos (US 20 243,4 de costo promedio por paciente) y una mayor ganancia en AVAC (0,8718 frente a 0,8222 AVAC en promedio por paciente). La relación costo-utilidad incremental (RCIU) de omalizumab en comparación con el tratamiento estándar fue de US72,142.3 vs. 82,748.1 per QALY
Conclusions
This study shows that in Colombia, an MIC, compared with standard treatment, omalizumab is not a cost-effective strategy for treating pediatric patients with uncontrolled severe allergic asthma
Genes, environment, and developmental timing: New insights from translational approaches to understand early origins of respiratory diseases
No full textOver the past decade, "omics" approaches have advanced our understanding of the molecular programming of the airways in humans. Several studies have identified potential molecular mechanisms that contribute to early life epigenetic reprogramming, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and the homeostasis of the respiratory mucosa (epithelial function and microbiota). Current evidence supports the notion that early infancy is characterized by heightened susceptibility to airway genetic reprogramming in response to the first exposures in life, some of which can have life-long consequences. Here, we summarize and analyze the latest insights from studies that support a novel epigenetic paradigm centered on human maturational and developmental programs including three cardinal elements: genes, environment, and developmental timing. The combination of these factors is likely responsible for the functional trajectory of the respiratory system at the molecular, functional, and clinical levels
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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