1,720,985 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Estudio de la influencia de estímulos inmunológicos repetidos en forma de un calendario vacunal en pacientes adultos infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en estadios tempranos de la infección (con tratamiento antirretroviral y tras su suspensión).
Get PDF[spa] INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA) ha permitido reducir la morbilidad y la mortalidad de la infección por el VIH, pero no puede erradicar la infección. Por eso se buscan alternativas como las terapias inmunomediadas, que potencian la respuesta inmune del paciente, para poder retirar, al menos temporalmente, el TARGA. Estas respuestas inmunes, tanto CD4+ como CD8+, existen al inicio de la infección, pero desaparecen con el TARGA, probablemente debido a la pérdida de estimulación del sistema inmune. En este sentido, los pacientes que presentan episodios de viremia intermitente (EVI), es decir, elevaciones transitorias de la carga viral (CV), se ha demostrado que aumentan estas respuestas. Dichos EVI se han asociado a diferentes circunstancias, entre ellas las vacunaciones. Como los pacientes VIH son inmunodeprimidos, se aconseja que sean vacunados. Por tanto, si dichas vacunaciones inducen EVI, esto se podría asociar a dos efectos antagónicos: por un lado, un aumento en las respuestas anti-VIH con un potencial mejor control de la infección; pero por otro lado, un potencial riesgo de aparición de resistencias al TARGA y fracaso terapéutico. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Para evaluar esta circunstancia se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico unicéntrico, prospectivo, randomizado, doble ciego y controlado con placebo en el que 26 pacientes con infección por el VIH se randomizaron a recibir durante 12 meses su TARGA junto a, o bien un calendario vacunal de 10 vacunas comerciales diferentes (hepatitis B, hepatitis A, gripe, neumococo, varicela, triple vírica (sarampión-rubéola-parotiditis) y tétanos-difteria), o bien placebo, suspendiendo el TARGA a los 12 meses. Se estudió el efecto del calendario vacunal, tanto durante el TARGA como tras su interrupción, sobre la CV (incluyendo la aparición de resistencias), las subpoblaciones linfocitarias, las respuestas específicas anti-VIH, la función tímica y las respuestas vacunales humorales y celulares. Además, mediante tres subestudios se evaluó el efecto de los EVI (superiores a 20 y 200 copias) sobre los mismos aspectos, y el efecto de la interrupción del TARGA sobre la función tímica, el sistema de la IL-7 y su receptor y las respuestas adquiridas a los antígenos vacunales. RESULTADOS: Ni el calendario vacunal en general ni ninguna vacuna en particular se asoció a un aumento en la frecuencia de CV detectables, aunque sí provocaron un descenso en los linfocitos T CD4+, un aumento en la activación y maduración linfocitaria hacia células memoria, así como en las respuestas linfoproliferativas, sin cambios en las respuestas específicas CD8+ anti-VIH. Tras la interrupción, el grupo vacunado presentó un rebote igual al que recibió el placebo, sin más resistencias virales, aunque presentó mayores respuestas específicas CD8+ anti-VIH en el periodo sin tratamiento. Cuando se analizó la influencia de los EVI sobre el sistema inmune se observó que los pacientes detectables presentaban durante el tratamiento menor número de linfocitos CD4+ y mayor de CD8+, así como un aumento en las respuestas específicas anti-VIH CD8+. Tras la interrupción, los pacientes detectables presentaron también un mayor rebote viral y un aumento de las respuestas linfoproliferativas anti-VIH. Las diferencias entre pacientes detectables e indetectables disminuyeron cuando se definieron por un ensayo con límite de 20 c/mL. Cuando se analizó la función tímica tras la interrupción se observó un descenso inicial con una recuperación parcial posterior. Y las respuestas vacunales humorales descendieron tras la interrupción, aumentando las celulares. CONCLUSIONES: El calendario vacunal fue seguro y no se asoció a efectos secundarios valorables ni elevaciones de la CV, pero tampoco fue útil como inmunoterapia. Además, la estimulación continuada produjo un aumento de la activación linfocitaria y una disminución en el recuento de linfocitos T CD4+. PALABRAS CLAVE: Infección por VIH, vacunaciones, inmunoterapia, timo, interrupciones de tratamiento antirretroviral.[eng] "Study of the influence of immunological repeated stimuli with commercial vaccines over the Viral Load (VL), resistance development and specific immunological response against HIV in early stage HIV patients with undetectable VL after HAART"INTRODUCTION: As HIV-infected patients are considered immunocompromised, it is generally recommended that they have to receipt appropriate vaccines. However data are conflicting concerning potential harmful effects following the administration of commercial vaccines in HIV-infected patients. Transient increases ("blips") in the viral load have been described associated with a single dose of vaccine, with the potential risk of developing resistance to HAART. On the other hand, there has been described that patients with blips can have an increase in HIV-specific immune responses, which may help to improve the viral control. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have performed a clinical trial to evaluate the effect of a vaccination program in successfully treated HIV-infected adults on HAART compared to placebo. Its influence over viral load (including resistances), lymphocyte subsets, specific anti-HIV responses, thymic function and responses to vaccinations were analysed. There were also studied the influence of blips over immunity and the influence of interrupting HAART over thymic function and vaccination responses. RESULTS: Vaccinations were not associated to more detectable viral loads, but induced an increase in lymphocyte activation and a loss of CD4+ T-cells. They were not useful as immunotherapy because viral load rebounded after HAART interruption in the same way in placebo and vaccinated group, although specific CD8+ responses against HIV were higher in the latest. Patients with blips had less CD4+ T-cells, more specific CD8+ responses against HIV, and a higher rebound of viral load after discontinuing HAART. After HAART interruption, thymic function decreased firstly, but later presented a partial recovery. Humoral responses to vaccines decreased after stopping HAART.CONCLUSIONS: Vaccinations in HIV patients were safe and did not associate with more detectable viral loads. However, they induce a loss in CD4 T cells. They were not useful as immunotherapy
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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