6,371 research outputs found
Iran and the Global Financial Crisis
No full textThe global financial crisis is set to depress oil producing economies. As the crisis is already pushing down oil prices, a firm response to the fallout of the crisis from governments and central banks is expected. Oil prices have tumbled more than 70% since their July peak and there are fears they could continue their plunge because of diminishing demand caused by the current financial meltdown. Though, the Iranian government does not seem to be greatly concerned about the ongoing global situation, although many Iranian economists believe that sanctions and the international financial crisis will soon be taking their toll on Iran’s economy by unfavorably affecting oil, trade, and trade financing. Even if the relative isolation from the world’s economy may seem to protect Iran from the negative impact of the global financial crisis to a certain extend at least for now, plunging oil prices and a massive credit deterioration suggest otherwise.Iran; Financial Crisis; Oil Revenue; Currency Exchange; Currency Crash
Talking Away the Crisis? The E3/EU-Iran Negotiations on Nuclear Issues. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 6/2007, November 2007
No full textThe E3/EU-Iran negotiations on nuclear issues have been ongoing since summer 2003 with the aim to find a balance between Iran’s desire to establish a peaceful nuclear enrichment programme and satisfying the safeguards of the international community against the possible development of a nuclear weapons programme. This paper provides an analysis of these negotiations and draws the conclusion that the E3, and later the E3/EU, have entered the negotiations with Iran without a clear strategy or alternative outcomes, focusing only on ‘getting what they want’. It argues that in order to reach a mutually acceptable solution, the E3/EU needs to take a more pro-active stand in preparing the pre-negotiations and negotiations. It will be important to find a common formula. The E3/EU needs to create a win-win situation and end the crisis before it is too late
<p><strong>A new species of <em>Cunaxoides </em>(Acari: Trombidiformes: Cunaxidae) from Iran</strong></p>
No full textA new species of Cunaxoides, C. shahriari Bagheri, Paktinat-Saeij and Castro sp. nov., is described from soil, humus and moss from northern Iran. A key to the Cunaxoides species of the Iran is also provided
The Relation between Treated Maternal Urinary Tract Infection and Adverse Maternal, Prenatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women of Ardabil, Iran
No full textBackground and Objective: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy and has also been implicated as a risk factor for adverse maternal and prenatal outcomes. The aim of our study was to determine the relation between maternal urinary tract infection and adverse maternal, prenatal outcomes in pregnant women of Ardabil, Iran.
Material and Methods: This retrospective-case-control study was conducted on prenatal file records of pregnant women in Ardabil (2011). The pregnant women who had a positive urine culture in their prenatal files (N= 211) were considered as a case group and 232 ones without urinary tract infection as a control. Using a research- made questionnaire, the data related to present pregnancy and prenatal information was collected and analyzed by KrusKal Wallis, Chi- Square and Fisher statistical tests.
Results: Maternal age of under 25 (%61.6 vs. 56.5), body mass index of more than 30 (%18.3 vs. 15.6), primigravida (%55 vs. 48.8), hypertension (%2.4 vs. 1.3), hyperemesis Gravidarum (%14.8 vs. 12.6), frequency and dysuria (%1.9 vs. 0.9), low birth weight (%95.4 vs. 93.2), congenital malformation (%3.5 vs. 1.8), artificial milk feeding (%6.5 vs. 2.7), neonatal death (%0.9 vs. 0.0) are higher in urinary infection group, however the differences are not statistically significant. Other maternal and prenatal adverse outcomes such as diabetes, pre-eclampsia , hemoglobin level, prematurity, abortion and stillbirth have not significant relation with urinary infection.
Conclusion: Because of low level of adverse maternal or prenatal outcomes reported in our study, we conclude that screening and treatment of urinary tract infection in Ardabil health service is appropriate; therefore, no change is needed for present screening or treatment processes
Towards reflexive land and water management in Iran : linking technology, governance and culture
No full textKey words: Qanat, land and water, sustainability, Industrial and reflexive modernity This PhD thesis is concerned with the causes and consequences of the environmental crisis and explores possible trajectories towards sustainable land and water management in Iran and other countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The basic assumption underlying the conceptual framework of this thesis is that soil and water technologies, social institutions and environmental mentalities are strongly interconnected; they co-evolve, shaping and reshaping one another in the process. The main research question concerns the changes within this network of technologies, institutions and mentalities that are required for a successful transition from industrial modernity to what sociologists like Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens and Scott Lash have called ‘reflexive’ modernity. In order to examine the possibilities and problems of a reflexive turn in land and water management in Iran and other MENA-countries, large-scale empirical studies were conducted among farmers and village informants, soil and water experts, and policymakers. </p
A Scientometrics research on Iran Occupational Health Journal
No full textAbstract Background and Purpose: Scientometrics assesses scientific outputs. Iran Occupational Health Journal is dedicated to providing scientific evidence for improving occupational health. Based on the importance of occupational health, this study aimed to do Scientometrics analysis of Iran Occupational Health Journal as one of the important sources of scientific production in this field. Methodology: The study was conducted using citation and content analysis and census method as sampling method. All published articles between 1392 and 1395 were reviewed. Content analysis was performed by comparing the content of the articles with the research priorities in field of health in Iran. The indexes such as the number of authors, the author's organizational affiliation, the type of articles, the author and the centers that had the highest number of articles were reviewed. Data analysis was done by SPSS software version 19. Findings: During these years, the average receipt time to accept articles ranged from 304 days to 56 days. Most published articles were research articles, and the most abundant subjects were ergonomics and then safety. Most articles are provided by men and group authors. The impact factor of this magazine in Scopus has increased from 0.03 to 0.18 from 2012 to 2016, t. Conclusion: The efficiency of Iran Occupational Health Journal has increased in reviewing the received articles over the years. The priorities of published subjects in the journal are in agreement with the research priorities for occupational health in Iran. Over the years, the magazine has become known among different organizations in the country
Iran Politics, History and Literature
No full textThis book offers a view of Iran through politics, history and literature, showing how the three angles combine. Iran, being a revolutionary society, experienced two great revolutions within the short span of just seventy years, from the 1900s to the 1970s. Both were massive revolts of the society against the state; the main objective of the first being to establish lawful government to make modernisation possible, and the second, to overthrow the absolute and arbitrary state, though this time mainly under the banner of religion and Marxism-Leninism and anti-Westernism. Neither of them succeeded in their lofty ideals for reasons that are explained and analysed within. The author also offers a detailed description of Iran's short-term society, examining the political and intellectual lives of two of the most remarkable intellectuals-cum-politicians of the twentieth century. This book provides an overview of modern Persian literature, both poetry and prose, and discusses the works of three of the most remarkable Persian poets and writers of the period. It considers classical Persian literature through the great variety of its form and substance, and neo-classical literary developments in the nineteenth century, covering the whole history of Persian literature. This is crowned in the last chapter by the love poetry of one of the greatest Persian poets. Iran will be of interest to students and scholars of Iranian studies and Middle East Politics.Intro -- Iran Politics, history and literature -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction: Iran's long history and short-term society -- Part I History and politics -- 1 Legitimacy and succession in Iranian history -- 2 The short-term society: A comparative study in the problems of long-term political and economic development in Iran -- 3 The revolution for law: A chronographic analysis of the constitutional revolution of Iran -- 4 Seyyed Hasan Taqizadeh: Three lives in a lifetime -- 5 Khalil Maleki: The odd intellectual out -- 6 The Iranian revolution at 30: The dialectic of state and society -- Part II Persian literature -- 7 Classical Persian literature: form and substance -- 8 Sa'di's love lyrics -- 9 Neo-classical Persian literature: Bazgasht-e Adabi in the nineteenth century -- 10 Modern Persian literature: From the constitutional revolution to the revolution of 1979 -- 11 Poet-laureate Bahar in the constitutional era -- 12 Iraj, the poet of love and humour -- 13 Private parts and public discourses in modern Iran -- 14 Jamalzadeh's fiction -- 15 Of the sins of Forugh Farrokhzad -- Notes -- IndexThis book offers a view of Iran through politics, history and literature, showing how the three angles combine. Iran, being a revolutionary society, experienced two great revolutions within the short span of just seventy years, from the 1900s to the 1970s. Both were massive revolts of the society against the state; the main objective of the first being to establish lawful government to make modernisation possible, and the second, to overthrow the absolute and arbitrary state, though this time mainly under the banner of religion and Marxism-Leninism and anti-Westernism. Neither of them succeeded in their lofty ideals for reasons that are explained and analysed within. The author also offers a detailed description of Iran's short-term society, examining the political and intellectual lives of two of the most remarkable intellectuals-cum-politicians of the twentieth century. This book provides an overview of modern Persian literature, both poetry and prose, and discusses the works of three of the most remarkable Persian poets and writers of the period. It considers classical Persian literature through the great variety of its form and substance, and neo-classical literary developments in the nineteenth century, covering the whole history of Persian literature. This is crowned in the last chapter by the love poetry of one of the greatest Persian poets. Iran will be of interest to students and scholars of Iranian studies and Middle East Politics.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Iran and Iraq Religion, War, and Geopolitics
No full textIran and Iraq, though neighbors for many centuries, share both a common and a contentious history. Though both are Muslim nations, they have long been divided by their differing affiliations with the Shia and Sunni branches of Islam and by a cultural tension between Persian and Arab. These tensions have occasionally erupted into all-out warfare, most recently in the 1980s, when half a million Iraqis and Iranians were killed in a decade-long war. Today, however, following the toppling of the repressive Sunni dictator Saddam Hussein, Iraq's previously oppressed Shia majority is forging ties with Shia-dominated Iran and creating a new, potentially destabilizing balance of power in this part of the Middle East. This book explores the long, rich, complex, and charged history between these two Muslim nations and analyzes what path they seem to be heading down in the future, a journey that has weighty consequences for the western world and the United States.Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter One Neighbors and Enemies -- Oil, the Shah, and the Ayatollah -- The Islamic Revolution -- Iraq and the Iranian Revolution -- At the Brink of War -- The War Years: Iraq Invades Iran -- War of the Cities, War of the Tankers -- In the End, a Stalemate -- The Battle of al-Qadisiyah -- Chapter Two The United States and Iran: A Troubled History -- Decades of Tension -- Iran's Supreme Leader: Ali Khamenei -- Iran and "Operation Enduring Freedom" -- The "Axis of Evil" -- On the Eve of War -- Rise of the Conservatives -- The Nuclear Question -- Chapter Three Iran and Its Iraqi Exiles -- The Iraqi Opposition in Iran -- The Supreme Council of the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI) -- The Badr Brigade -- Possibility for Collaboration -- A Reality Check for the United States -- Velayat-e-Faqih: "Guardianship of the Jurist" -- Chapter Four Operation Iraqi Freedom -- Return of the Exiles -- The Real War Begins -- The "Grand Bargain" -- A Growing Insurgency -- The Bombing of al-Askari Mosque -- The Mahdi Army -- Recent Clashes -- Chapter Five Iran and the Rise of the Shia -- On the Same Side -- "Shiastan" -- Spreading the Wealth -- Grand Ayatollah al-Sistani: The Cautious Moderate -- Foreign Fighters and the Insurgency -- The Shia South -- Killer EFPs: Made in Iran? -- The Hunt for Jafari -- Chapter Six The Road Ahead -- An Uncertain Future -- GLOSSARY -- FOR MORE INFORMATION -- Web Sites -- FOR FURTHER READING -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX -- About the Author -- Photo CreditsIran and Iraq, though neighbors for many centuries, share both a common and a contentious history. Though both are Muslim nations, they have long been divided by their differing affiliations with the Shia and Sunni branches of Islam and by a cultural tension between Persian and Arab. These tensions have occasionally erupted into all-out warfare, most recently in the 1980s, when half a million Iraqis and Iranians were killed in a decade-long war. Today, however, following the toppling of the repressive Sunni dictator Saddam Hussein, Iraq's previously oppressed Shia majority is forging ties with Shia-dominated Iran and creating a new, potentially destabilizing balance of power in this part of the Middle East. This book explores the long, rich, complex, and charged history between these two Muslim nations and analyzes what path they seem to be heading down in the future, a journey that has weighty consequences for the western world and the United States.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Aspects of the social geography of the province of Sistan/Baluchestan, Iran
No full textThe Kordi (Kurd) tribe now living in Iranian Baluchestan would appear to be an offshoot of the far more numerous Kurdish peoples of the north-western Zagros Mountains of Iran-Iraq. The Kordi were settled in their present location possibly in the l6th Century AD, but much more likely in the l8th Century, originally to act as tax-gatherers on behalf of the Shah-in-Shah. For many years they lived as pastoralists (often nomadic), tax gatherers, guardians of the frontier, and by raiding and plunder. Their habitat, round the Kuh-e-Taftan massif (one of the more fertile areas in the extremely arid and topographically difficult region of Baluchestan) allows some agriculture; and since the 1940's especially, the Kordi people have turned increasingly to a settled way of life based on mixed farming - mostly cultivation, with some animal herding. The thesis examines the origins of the Kordi, their geographical environment, social organisation and demography; and considers present and future evolution of this people in a changed and changing Iranian State
Chinese Perspectives on Sino-Iran Relations
No full textThe American discourse on China's Iran policy by government officials, think tanks, and intellectuals tends to vilify Beijing as a revisionist power. This view of Chinese-Iranian relations is overly simplistic and counterproductive in that it casts China as a threatening Other acting against US security interests rather than an independent state in international society with its own unique policies, goals, and values. The fundamental misreading of China's Iran foreign policy prevalent in Washington is problematic for a number of reasons. First, the narrative results in the securitization of China's activities in relation to Iran, leading to the view that China is part of the problem rather than part of the solution. Second, failure to differentiate between Chinese and US policy goals towards Iran complicates attempts at collective diplomacy either bilaterally or multilaterally. Third, US disregard for China's concerns and values when dealing with Iran will ultimately force Beijing to act unilaterally at the United States' expense. Fourth, continued vilification of China's actions will put Beijing on the defensive and further complicate the United States' attempt to solve the Iran nuclear issue. Rather than harangue Beijing over its policy choices in regard to Iran, United States government officials and academics would benefit from taking the time and energy to better understand China's strategic viewpoint. Taking China's concerns into account when formulating a policy response to Iran would not only enable the US to leverage China's influence against Tehran, but also improve US-Sino relations by showing Beijing the US is serious about working with China rather than against it. Far from a concession made from weakness, the inclusion of China's concerns in the US strategy towards Iran would strengthen the US negotiating position towards Tehran and undermine Chinese arguments that the US is an aggressive, imperialist power determined to contain China's rise. To help advance such a shift in perspective and approach, this article will outline China's main strategic concerns regarding Iran. Rather than rely on existing English language academic and government accounts of China's position-which often fail to account for the Chinese perspective-the author will primarily draw on Chinese language government reports, academic journal articles, business reports, and blogs for analysis. In preparation for the article, the author sought the most recent accounts of Sino-Iranian relations as well as those from official government sources, recognized experts in the region, and institutions with a specialty in China's Iranian foreign policy.Full Tex
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