1,720,960 research outputs found
Normal pressure hydrocephalus in the elderly: a treatable cause of dementia?
No full textAlthough normal pressure hydrocephalus is one of the few remediable causes of dementia, the diagnosis is often not considered in the elderly. Three patients are described who presented to an acute geriatric unit within a six-month period during which normal pressure hydrocephalus was actively sought and treated. Although two made striking initial improvement, the long-term prognosis was poor: complications were frequent, and all three died within two years of operation. This pilot study indicates that normal pressure hydrocephalus may account for a proportion of cases of 'senile' dementia, but that formal controlled studies are required to establish the best means of diagnosis and treatment.</p
Improved hypnotic treatment using chlormethiazole and temazepam
No full textThe effects of a single 384 mg oral dose of chlormethiazole were compared with those of 20 mg of temazepam and placebo in healthy old and young women (mean ages 72.9 and 24.7 years respectively). Both drugs were effective hypnotics and had no detectable pharmacological action the next morning. Even four hours after administration performance of a simple psychomotor test was not impaired and sway (measured by an ataxiameter) was not increased in either age group. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that chlormethiazole was rapidly absorbed, distributed, and eliminated by both groups, so that minimal plasma concentrations existed 11 hours after administration. Temazepam, however, was less quickly absorbed and distributed, especially in the young group, and substantial amounts remained in the plasma 11 hours after administration. No unwanted effects occurred after temazepam, but 17 of the 20 subjects suffered from nasal irritation after taking chlormethiazole. Thus hangover effects may be avoided in elderly subjects after they have taken hypnotic drugs, and temazepam and chlormethiazole allow sleep to be interrupted safely.</p
The Effect of Flavoxate on Uninhibited Detrusor Contractions and Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly
No full textThe effect of flavoxate, a smooth muscle relaxant, was investigated in 6 elderly patients with uninhibited detrusor contractions associated with urinary incontinence. Cystometry was done initially to confirm the diagnosis, immediately after an intravenous injection of 100 mg. flavoxate and after 200 mg. flavoxate orally 4 times daily for 7 days. No consistent drug effect could be detected cystometrically and incontinence was unchanged clinically.</p
Clinical and Urodynamic Effects of Ephedrine in Elderly Incontinent Patients
No full textThe effect of ephedrine, an adrenergic receptor agonist, was investigated in 24 elderly patients with urinary incontinence associated with unstable detrusor contractions. After 3 weeks of oral ephedrine repeat cystometry showed mean increases of 21 per cent in bladder capacity and of 23 per cent in urethral pressure. Of 21 patients studied 7 became continent and 12 were improved. However, the urodynamic improvement did not reach statistical significance even in the continent group and, thus, the clinical improvement was unlikely to be owing to ephedrine. Therefore, open studies of drug treatment for detrusor instability may be misleading unless clinical and cystometric data are obtained.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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