1,720,974 research outputs found
“I spy with my little eye”: Children’s actual use and experts intended design of public space
No full text"I Spy with My Little Eye": Children’s Actual Use and Experts’ Intended Design of Public Space
No full textBuilding on a fourfold conceptual framework—in which space is discussed in “four acts” through the notions of affordance, relational space, spatial knowledge, and spatial pedagogization—as well as on previously gathered data through case-study research, the chapter discusses the way children, in the frame of a fairly heterodox participatory design process, challenge the conceived vision of design professionals in regard to the physical alteration of public space. Evidence stemming from an ongoing public space transformation project, located on the outskirts of the city of Lima, Peru, suggests that children, by appropriating and modifying specific aspects of the intended design according to their intuitive needs and preferences, as it is being implemented, defy the “prescriptive affordance” that underpins its pedagogization—that is to say, both explicit and implicit “spatial design tactics” meant to state how public space is to be not only used, but also apprehended. Overall, it is believed that the inherently conflictual character of participatory design/planning processes becomes exponentially more puzzling due to children’s capacity to “spy with their little eye” and performatively and subversively contradict “professional decisions,” for designers are usually bad at “guessing,” tend to dislike dissension, and lack responsiveness to children’s views and attitudes
Spatial Methods in Transdisciplinarity for Urban Sustainability
No full textThe book critically addresses the role of spatial methods in a transdisciplinary research-practice agenda regarding the promotion of urban sustainability throughout the globe with the aid of eight different, transdisciplinary approaches primarily based throughout the Global South and jointly penned by academics and practitioners. While the range of methodological discussions regarding research-and-practice collaborations between scientific researchers and local practitioners (based in NGOs, private firms or local government agencies) as well as independent policy-makers or artists for the purpose of urban sustainability has been thriving vastly over the last years, little attention has been paid to spatial methods in particular. This is not to mention their transdisciplinary use in urban contexts of the Global South. Resorting on empirical settings as diverse as Pretoria (South Africa), Porto Alegre and São Paulo (Brazil), Kolkata (India), Bangkok (Thailand) and Tshwane (South Africa) during the last four (partially Covid-19 pandemic) years as well as Tangerang (Indonesia) from 2001 to 2021, and San José (Costa Rica) between 2004 and 2007, the book sheds light on the following, twofold question: Which possibilities and limitations can spatial methods respectively unravel and encounter for transdisciplinary research and practice, in view of the SDG11 targets? By pursuing very diversified research-and-practice paths with the aid of specific combinations of spatial methods, each of the eight chapters makes evident the book’s central claim: the deployment of spatial methods in transdisciplinary projects for SDG11 has a transformative role. While some chapters especially highlight the personal dimension of the changes brought about to academics by the spatial-methodological, transdisciplinary experiments, others emphasize the academic reach of the spatial-methodological experience accomplished in and through transdisciplinarity. This is an open access book
Spatial Methods in Transdisciplinarity for Urban Sustainability
Full text linkThe book critically addresses the role of spatial methods in a transdisciplinary research-practice agenda regarding the promotion of urban sustainability throughout the globe with the aid of eight different, transdisciplinary approaches primarily based throughout the Global South and jointly penned by academics and practitioners. While the range of methodological discussions regarding research-and-practice collaborations between scientific researchers and local practitioners (based in NGOs, private firms or local government agencies) as well as independent policy-makers or artists for the purpose of urban sustainability has been thriving vastly over the last years, little attention has been paid to spatial methods in particular. This is not to mention their transdisciplinary use in urban contexts of the Global South. Resorting on empirical settings as diverse as Pretoria (South Africa), Porto Alegre and São Paulo (Brazil), Kolkata (India), Bangkok (Thailand) and Tshwane (South Africa) during the last four (partially Covid-19 pandemic) years as well as Tangerang (Indonesia) from 2001 to 2021, and San José (Costa Rica) between 2004 and 2007, the book sheds light on the following, twofold question: Which possibilities and limitations can spatial methods respectively unravel and encounter for transdisciplinary research and practice, in view of the SDG11 targets? By pursuing very diversified research-and-practice paths with the aid of specific combinations of spatial methods, each of the eight chapters makes evident the book’s central claim: the deployment of spatial methods in transdisciplinary projects for SDG11 has a transformative role. While some chapters especially highlight the personal dimension of the changes brought about to academics by the spatial-methodological, transdisciplinary experiments, others emphasize the academic reach of the spatial-methodological experience accomplished in and through transdisciplinarity. This is an open access book
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Espacio y planificación radical: Uniendo acciones de protesta con un desarrollo local-comunal autónomo
Full text linkThe project researches how protest action of urban social movements may aid to underpin wider and more inclusive local community self-development processes. To that end, the discussion is circumscribed by the notions of space and radical planning. Space, thereupon, constitutes both a ‘reifying’ (after Lefebvre) and ‘heterotopological’ (after Foucault) spatial lens as well as an integrating grid, with which to crosscut across the diverse topics and disciplines that the research comprises: urban research, (urban) planning, (urban) social movements and community organizing/development. Their inherent ‘contradictions’ and complex interactions among them are therewith spatially examined. Furthermore, radical planning alludes to the theory and practice of planning that react to ̶ and somewhat counteract ̶ the consequences of an urban development largely spelled out by a global market rationality, safeguarded by top-down state-led planning mechanisms and that directly impacts dynamics of local community development. Along with that, a case study is incorporated to test, refine and further develop, upon concrete phenomenology, some of the main findings derived from the literature review. The account of Paso Ancho, an urban community in southern San José, Costa Rica, is analyzed throughout the autonomous political organization and actions of its dwellers, which triggered a process of self-steered and inclusive participation by advancing a local development agenda aimed at improving social and spatial conditions. All in all, it is believed that direct community action, in the long run, helps to create a more equal environment ̶ in both social and spatial terms ̶ for it also enhances local participatory democracy within and even beyond official (urban) planning processes.Im Projekt wird erforscht, wie Protestaktionen der urban-sozialen Bewegungen offenere und inklusivere kommunale Selbstentwicklungsprozesse unterstützen können. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Diskussion durch die Begriffe Raum und radikale Planung abgegrenzt. Raum konstituiert daraufhin sowohl einen »reifizierenden« (nach Lefebvre) und »heterotopologischen« (laut Foucault) analytischen Umfang als auch ein umfassendes Gitter, um quer über die verschiedenen Themen und Disziplinen (Stadtforschung, (Stadt-)Planung, (Stadt-) soziale Bewegungen, Community-Organizing und kommunale Entwicklung), die die Forschung enthält, zu gehen und ihre inhärente ‚Widersprüchlichkeiten’ und komplexen Interaktionen räumlich zu untersuchen. Des Weiteren bezieht Radikale Planung sich auf die Planungstheorie und Planungspraxis, die auf und gegen die Auswirkungen einer Stadtentwicklung reagieren und angehen, die weitgehend beeinflusst von einer globalen Marktrationalität und abgesichert von staatlichen Planungsinstrumenten wird und die die Dynamiken der kommunal-lokalen Entwicklung direkt beeinträchtigt. Außerdem ergänzt ein empirischer Teil die Forschung, um einige der wichtigsten Erkenntnisse von der theoretischen Debatte, nach konkreter Phänomenologie, zu testen, zu verfeinern und weiter zu entwickeln. In diesem Sinne wird die Fallstudie von Paso Ancho, eine städtische Gemeinde im südlichen San José, Costa Rica ausgewertet. Die Bewohner/innen von Paso Ancho haben den Umfang ihrer politischen Aktion verändert und autonom eine lokale Agenda, die auf kommunalen Entwicklungsaspekten basiert (z.B., Sanierung von verlassenen öffentlichen Räume, Abfallwirtschaft, Förderung von kulturellen Aktivitäten, u.a.) entworfen. Zusammenfassend wird angenommen, dass eine direkte Aktion der Gemeinschaften auf lange Sicht hilft, ein gerechteres Umfeld sowohl in sozialer und räumlicher Hinsicht zu gestalten, da sie die lokale und partizipative Demokratie, nicht nur innerhalb aber auch außerhalb der offiziellen (städtischen) Planungsprozesse, erhöht.El proyecto investiga la forma en que las acciones de protesta de los movimientos sociales urbanos pueden llegar a fomentar procesos de desarrollo local-comunal autónomo más amplios e inclusivos. Para ello, las nociones de espacio y planificación radical enmarcan la discusión. Espacio, a este respecto, constituye tanto un lente «cofisicante» (siguiendo a Lefebvre) y «heterotopológico» (según Foucault) de análisis, como un entramando integrador de los diversos temas y disciplinas que la investigación abarca: estudios urbanos, planificación (urbana), movimientos sociales (urbanos) y organización y desarrollo comunal. Esto con el fin de examinar, en términos espaciales, sus inherentes contradicciones y complejas interrelaciones. Por otro lado, la formulación «planificación radical» se refiere a la teoría y práctica de la planificación que reacciona y, en cierto modo, contrarresta las consecuencias de un crecimiento urbano que es dictado, en gran medida, por una racionalidad de mercado global; salvaguardado por mecanismos verticales y estatales de planificación; y que altera, directamente, dinámicas de desarrollo local- comunal. La investigación se complementa con un caso de estudio, con el fin de probar, refinar y seguir desarrollando, en una fenomenología concreta, algunos de los principales resultados derivados del debate teórico. El caso de Paso Ancho, una comunidad urbana ubicada en el sur de San José, Costa Rica, se analiza a través del cambio de escala y ámbito de acción política que sus pobladores realizaron con el fin de producir, de manera autónoma, una agenda local con un enfoque en aspectos de desarrollo comunal: rehabilitación de espacios públicos abandonados, manejo de desechos sólidos, promoción de actividades culturales, entre otros. Se cree, en líneas generales, que la acción comunal directa contribuye a la creación de un medio ambiente ̶ social y espacialmente ̶ más equitativo, dado que se aumenta la democracia local participativa dentro e, incluso, fuera de los procesos de planificación (urbana)
Modelo análisis imagen urbana: la carretera principal de Sabanilla
No full textTesis (licenciatura en arquitectura)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ingeniería::Facultad de Ingeniería::Escuela de Arquitectur
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