1,720,953 research outputs found
In silico discovery of hemolytic peptides through a novel approach based on network science and similarity searching methods
No full textPeptides are promising drug development frameworks thanks to their high target selectivity, tolerability, and relatively low production cost. However, even though several thousand potentially therapeutic peptides have been reported, until 2018, only about sixty were approved in the United States, Europe and Japan. Toxic effects, including hemolysis, have been identified as the primary challenge that hinders the development of promising peptide drugs. To overcome this obstacle, we propose a novel approach based on complex network science, interactive data mining and multi-query similarity searching (MQSS) to gain a better understanding of the chemical space of hemolytic peptides. By leveraging these techniques, we aim to design more effective peptide drugs with reduced hemolytic activity, thus facilitating the development of safer and more efficient therapies. Metadata networks (METNs) were used to systematically identify and characterize general patterns commonly associated with hemolytic peptides. In addition, Half-Space Proximal Networks (HSPNs) were constructed using five different two-way dissimilarity measures, aiming to represent the hemolytic peptide space effectively. Then, the best candidate HSPNs were used to extract various scaffolds that capture information of almost all the chemical space avoiding peptide overrepresentation. Such scaffolds were used to develop MQSS models for predicting hemolytic toxicity from peptide sequences. Our best model outperformed state-of-the-art Machine Learning (ML)-based models, achieving a MCC equal to 0.99. This model was used to characterize the prevalence of hemolytic toxicity on therapeutic peptides. We found that the number of reported hemolytic peptides might be 3.9-fold lower than the actual number. Finally, through an alignment-free approach, we reported 47 putative hemolytic motifs, which might provide hints about the mechanisms of hemolysis and can also be used as toxic signatures when developing novel peptide-based drugs.Los péptidos son fuentes prometedoras para el desarrollo de fármacos gracias a su alta selectividad, tolerancia y bajo costo de producción. Sin embargo, a pesar de que se han reportado miles de péptidos con potencial terapéutico, hasta el 2018 solo alrededor de sesenta han podido ser aprobados en EE.UU, Europa y Japón. Efectos tóxicos como la hemólisis son las causas principales por las que se ha ralentizado el desarrollo de estos fármacos. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo es lograr un mejor entendimiento del espacio químico de los péptidos hemolíticos usando un nuevo enfoque basado en ciencia de redes complejas, minería visual de datos y búsqueda de similitud multi-referencia (MQSS), como una alternativa para diseñar fármacos más efectivos y con baja actividad hemolítica. Redes de metadatos (METNs) se usaron para caracterizar y encontrar patrones generales asociados con péptidos hemolíticos, mientras que redes de espacio proximal (HSPNs), creadas usando cinco diferentes medidas de disimilitud, se usaron para representar el espacio químico de los péptidos hemolíticos. Luego, las mejores HSPNs se usaron para extraer varios subconjuntos de péptidos, llamados scaffolds, los cuales capturan información del casi todo el espacio químico, pero evitan la sobrerrepresentación de péptidos. Estos scaffolds fueron utilizados para desarrollar modelos MQSS para predecir la toxicidad hemolítica a partir de secuencias peptídicas. Nuestro mejor modelo superó a modelos de última generación basados en aprendizaje automatizado (ML), alcanzando un MCC igual a 0.99. Este modelo fue usado para caracterizar la prevalencia de toxicidad hemolítica en péptidos con actividad terapéutica. Se encontró que el número de péptidos hemolíticos reportados podría ser 3.9 veces menor que el número real de péptidos hemolíticos. Finalmente, usando un método libre de alineamiento, se reportó 47 motivos hemolíticos, los cuales podrían dar pistas para elucidar los mecanismos de hemólisis y además pueden ser utilizados como una alerta toxicológica al desarrollar nuevos fármacos basados en péptidos.Biólogo/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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