1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Estudio del área corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales
Full text linkThe morphological and functional sexual dimorphism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) has been described in various species. There are also some reports about the seasonal variations of this axis. However there are no studies about sexual dimorphism and seasonal variations of this axis in the dog. Thus the objective of this study was to determine whether there are variations in the dog´s HPA hormones (adrenocorticotrophin [ACTH], alfa-melanocyte-stimulating hormone [?-MSH] and cortisol) according to the sex, gonadal status (neutered or not) and photoperiod (positive or negative) in basal condition (like anoestrus) and along the oestrous cycle.\nFurthermore, this study evaluated if the dog shows morphological sexual dimorphism of the corticotroph area of the pituitary gland and zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland; and determined whether these tissues show seasonal variations. The expression of oestrogen receptor alpha (ER?) in the corticotroph cells and zona fasciculata was also evaluated, as well as the progesterone receptor (PR) in the fasciculate zone.\nIn the hormonal assay, the population under study consisted in intact females (n=11), intact males (n=6), neutered males (n=5) and neutered females (n=6).\nThe morphological study was performed by means of an immunohistochemical analysis of pituitary and adrenal glands obtained in negative photoperiod (females [n = 7] and males [n = 7]) and positive photoperiod (females [n = 7] and males [n = 7]) for ACTH in the pituitary gland and for ER?, PR and for the ACTH receptor (melanocortin-2-receptor, MC2R) in the adrenal gland. Double immunofluorescence was performed to identify ER? in corticotrophs. The pituitary gland analysis included the proportion of corticotrophs per field, corticotroph cellular, nuclear, and cytoplasmic area, and their optical density. The RE? and PR expression was evaluated by the proportion of positive cells per field, and MC2R expression was evaluated through the optical density. In basal condition (intact males, neutered males, neutered females and intact females in anestrus) ACTH, ?-MSH and cortisol were not affected by the sex or the gonadal status. By contrast, cortisol showed greater values in negative photoperiod than in positive in all the studied groups (P<0.05) except for the intact females in anestrus. Along the oestrous cycle, all the studied hormones showed variations (P<0.0001). The greatest concentrations of ACTH were observed at proestrus, while ?-MSH and cortisol showed their greatest concentrations at oestrus. The three hormones decreased in diestrus. ACTH and cortisol concentrations were higher at negative photoperiod (P=0.04 and P<0.0001, respectively), while ?-MSH concentrations were higher at positive photoperiod (P=0.012), In the group of females oestradiol and progesterone correlated with ACTH (r=0.75, P<0.0001; r=0.34, P<0.01, respectively), ?-MSH (r=0.49, P<0.0001; r=0.52, P<0.0001, respectively) and cortisol (r=0.33, P<0.01; r=0.5, P<0.0001, respectively). The morphological study revealed that females had a greater proportion of corticotroph cells/total cells per field (p < 0.01). Both cellular and cytoplasmic areas of these cells were greater in females than in males in both photoperiods (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found for these parameters between photoperiods in either sex. Optical density of corticotrophs was greater in females than males in both photoperiods (p < 0.001) and greater in negative photoperiod than in positive photoperiod for both sexes (p < 0.001). ER? was identified in the adrenal zona fasciculata and expressed at higher levels in females than in males (p < 0.001). The optical density of MC2R immunostaining was greater in females than in males (p < 0.001). Immunostaining for PR was not found. The expression of both receptors was greater in negative photoperiod in both males and ?Estudio del ára corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales? Página 12\nfemales (p < 0.001). ER? was identified in some corticotrophs; however, a quantitative analysis was not conducted because of low expression. These results provide evidence that the dog shows both morphological and functional sexual dimorphism of the HPA axis. Furthermore, these findings are the first to demonstrate ER? expression in corticotrophs and the adrenal cortex in this species, suggesting a site for oestradiol action. Binding to its receptor, oestradiol could exert a regulatory action on the HPA axis. There are also hormonal and morphological differences between photoperiods, which could be related to climatic or metabolic adaptations that remain to be studied.Fil: Gallelli, María Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaEl dimorfismo sexual tanto morfológico como funcional del eje hipotalamo-hipofisario-adrenal ha sido descripto en diversas especies; así como también existen reportes acerca de la influencia de la estacionalidad sobre dicho eje. Sin embargo, no existen estudios que analicen estas caracteristicas en el perro. Por lo tanto el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si en el perro existen variaciones en las hormonas del eje HHA (adrenocorticotrofina [ACTH], melanotrofina-alfa [?-MSH] y cortisol) de acuerdo al sexo, estatus gonadal (castrado o no) y al fotoperiodo (positivo o negativo) en condiciones basales (anestro) y durante el ciclo estral. Asimismo se propuso evaluar si en el perro existe dimorfismo sexual morfológico del área corticotropa de la hipófisis y de la zona fascicular de la corteza adrenal; y si el mismo se ve afectado por la estacionalidad. Además se evaluó si el receptor de estrógenos alfa (RE?) se expresa en los tejidos mencionados y si el receptor de progesterona (RP) se expresa en la zona fascicular adrenal.\nEn el caso del análisis hormonal, la población de estudio consistió en perras no castradas (n=11), perros machos no castrados (n=6), machos castrados (n=5) y hembras castradas (n=6).\nEl estudio morfológico se realizó mediante un análisis inmunohistoquímico en hipófisis y adrenales obtenidas en fotoperiodo negativo (hembras [n=7] y machos [n=7]) y en fotoperiodo positivo (hembras [n=7] y machos [n=7]), para ACTH en hipófisis, y para RE?, el RP y el receptor para ACTH (melanocortin-2-receptor, MC2R) en la glándula adrenal. Se realizó una doble inmunofluorescencia para poder co-localizar al RE? y a la ACTH (para poder identificar si las células corticotropas expresan dicho receptor). En hipófisis se analizó la proporción de células corticotropas por campo, su área celular, citoplasmática y nuclear, y la densidad óptica de su inmunomarcación. La expresión del RE? y RP se analizó mediante la proporción de células positivas por campo y la del MC2R mediante la densidad óptica. En condiciones basales (machos castrados y no castrados, hembras castradas y hembras en anestro) la ACTH, la ?-MSH y el cortisol no se vieron afectados por el sexo ni el estatus gonadal. Por el contrario, el cortisol se encontró más elevado en el fotoperiodo negativo que en el positivo en todos los grupos (P<0.05), excepto en las hembras en anestro. Durante el ciclo estral, todas las hormonas estudiadas presentaron variaciones (P<0.0001). Las mayores concentraciones de ACTH se observaron en el proestro, mientras que la ?-MSH y el cortisol presentaron las máximas concentraciones en el estro. Las tres hormonas disminuyeron en el diestro. La ACTH y el cortisol se encontraron más elevadas en el fotoperiodo negativo (P=0.04 and P<0.0001, respectivamente), mientras que la ?-MSH fue mayor en el fotoperiodo positivo (P=0.012). En el grupo de perras no castradas, el estradiol y la progesterona correlacionaron con la ACTH (r=0.75, P<0.0001; r=0.34, P<0.01, respectivamente), ?-MSH (r=0.49, P<0.0001; r=0.52, P<0.0001, respectivamente) y el cortisol (r=0.33, P<0.01; r=0.5, P<0.0001, respectivamente). A partir del análisis morfológico se encontró que las hembras presentaron mayor cantidad de células corticotropas/totales por campo en ambos fotoperiodos (p<0.01). El área celular y citoplasmática de las mismas fue mayor en hembras que en machos en ambos fotoperiodos (p<0.001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en estos parámetros entre estaciones para ninguno de los sexos. La densidad óptica de las células corticotropas fue mayor en hembras que en machos en ambos fotoperiodos (p<0.001); así como también fue mayor en fotoperiodo negativo que en fotoperiodo positivo en ambos sexos (p<0.001). El RE? fue identificado en la zona fascicular adrenal, siendo su expresión mayor en hembras que en machos (p<0.001). La densidad óptica de la inmunomarcación para MC2R fue mayor en hembras que en machos (p<0.001). No se encontró inmunomarcación para RP. En ambos sexos la expresión de los dos receptores fue mayor en fotoperiodo negativo (p<0.001). El RE? fue identificado en algunas células corticotropas, pero dada su baja expresión no se realizó un análisis cuantitativo.\nEstos resultados evidencian que existe dimorfismo sexual tanto morfológico como funcional del eje HHA en el perro. Asimismo es la primera vez que se identifica la expresión del RE? en las corticotropas y corteza adrenal en dicha especie, postulándose un sitio de acción para el estradiol. De esta forma el estradiol podría tener un rol regulador sobre el eje HHA. Asimismo se obsevaron variaciones morfológicas y hormonales entre fotoperiodos, que podrían relacionarse con adaptaciones climáticas o metabólicas; las cuales quedan pendientes de estudio.Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Veterinaria
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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