1,721,118 research outputs found
Analyse des Einflusses der ATM-Initiativen SESAR und NextGen auf die Prozesse in Einsatzleitstellen von Luftverkehrsgesellschaften
No full textDie Durchführung des Luftverkehrsmanagements (engl. Air Traffic Management, ATM) bedarf aufgrund der sich global ändernden Rahmenbedingungen einer radikalen Restrukturierung. Dies ist insbesondere der stetig steigenden Luftverkehrsnachfrage bei gleichbleibenden Luftraumvolumina und – damit einhergehend – dem zwingend erforderlichen Zuwachs an Flugsicherheit (engl. Safety) geschuldet. Zudem wird auch seitens der politischen Entscheidungsträger und Akteure des Verkehrssystems Luftverkehr verstärkt Wert auf die Aspekte Umweltverträglichkeit und Nachhaltigkeit gelegt.
Die Europäische Union (EU) sowie die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika haben auf diese Situation politisch jeweils mit den ATM-Initiativen SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) bzw. NextGen (Next Generation Air Transportation System) reagiert. Aus den hieraus resultierenden, verbindlichen Vorgaben ergeben sich vielfältige Anforderungen an alle Teilnehmer des Systems Luftverkehr. Dies umfasst u.a. auch die Fluggesellschaften und deren operative Leitstellen (engl. Operations Control Center, OCC). Die Hauptaufgabe der im OCC tätigen Mitarbeiter besteht darin, während der letzten 72 Stunden vor Abflug und während der Durchführung eines Fluges alle für den Ablauf des Flugverkehrs relevanten Betriebsprozesse zu überwachen und zu kontrollieren sowie plötzlich auftretende, unvorhergesehene Betriebsstörungen (z.B. Luftfahrzeugdefekte, Einsetzen von Schlechtwetter, betrieblich bedingte Verspätungen) im Rahmen des Disruption Management zu beheben. Hierbei muss nicht nur der Flugsicherheit, sondern auch der Kosten- und Zeiteffizienz Tribut gezollt werden. Zur Erledigung ihrer Aufgaben interagieren die Mitarbeiter der OCCs mit anderen ATM-Akteuren, insbesondere mit der Flugsicherung (engl. Air Traffic Control, ATC) sowie den eigenen Luftfahrzeugführern.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Masterarbeit wird untersucht, inwiefern sich die o.g. ATM-Initiativen SESAR bzw. NextGen auf die Prozesse und Strukturen von OCCs sowie auf bestehende Betriebsprozesse zwischen den OCCs und den Luftfahrzeugführern auswirken werden.
Um dies zu analysieren, werden sowohl die aktuellsten Projektdokumentationen beider ATM-Initiativen sowie bestehende Sekundärliteratur und wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen ausgewertet. Anhand der von SESAR und NextGen gemachten Vorgaben werden Schemata für die zukünftige Integration von OCCs in die lang- und kurzfristigen Planungsprozesse von Fluggesellschaften sowie für die betriebliche Interaktion zwischen OCCs und Luftfahrzeugführern abgeleitet. Basierend hierauf wird in einem weiteren Schritt analysiert, inwiefern die in SESAR and NextGen gemachten Vorgaben heutige OCC-Betriebs- und Interaktionsprozesse abbilden, berücksichtigen bzw. zu ändern versuchen. Hierbei wird insbesondere ein Augenmerk auf konzeptionelle Unzulänglichkeiten und Lücken gelegt.
Kapitel 1 beschreibt einleitend politische, ökonomische, ökologische, gesellschaftliche und operationelle Aspekte, welche die Einführung von SESAR und NextGen notwendig machen und rechtfertigen. Nach erfolgter Einleitung dient Kapitel 2 dazu, die wissenschaftliche Vorgehensweise bei Erstellung dieser Abschlussarbeit vorzustellen und einen generellen Überblick über deren Inhalt, Rahmen und Aufbau zu gewähren.
Anschließend folgt in den Kapiteln 3 und 4 eine detaillierte Analyse der beiden ATM-Initiativen SESAR bzw. NextGen. Hierbei werden nicht nur die jeweils darin definierten operationellen Konzepte und Schüsseltechnologien, sondern ebenfalls Implementierungsaspekte berücksichtigt. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen werden beide ATM-Initiativen in Kapitel 5 verglichen und Gemeinsamkeiten wie auch Unterschiede, insbesondere im Bezug auf die in den jeweiligen Betriebskonzepten (engl. Concept of Operations, ConOps) vorgegebenen Schlüsseltechnologien, herausgestellt.
Nachfolgend werden in Kapitel 6 der Aufbau, die Arbeitsabläufe und die Strukturen heutiger OCCs sowie deren Integration in airline-interne Planungsprozesse dargestellt und die Arbeitsabläufe bei der Interaktion zwischen OCCs und Luftfahrzeugführern erläutert. Weiterhin werden drei unterschiedliche Szenarien vorgestellt, welche dazu dienen, die heutige Rolle von OCCs im Bezug auf deren Umgang mit Betriebsstörungen (engl. Disruption Management) aufzuzeigen.
Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der vorhergehenden Kapitel 3 bis 6 erfolgt in Kapitel 7 eine Anwendung der aus SESAR und NextGen resultierenden Vorgaben auf heutige OCC-interne Arbeitsabläufe sowie deren gemeinsame Interaktionsprozesse mit Luftfahrzeugführern. Dieses Vorgehen dient dazu, festzustellen, wie die von SESAR und NextGen gemachten Vorgaben zukünftige OCC-Prozesse, -Strukturen und -Interaktionen beeinflussen werden. Hierzu werden – basierend auf den SESAR und NextGen ConOps – für alle Planungs- und Flugphasen entsprechende Prozess- und Interaktionsschemata visualisiert und beschrieben. Diese werden anschließend unter Einbezug der drei in Kapitel 6 definierten Szenarien hinsichtlich ihrer Verträglichkeit mit heutigen Betriebs- und Interaktionsprozessen analysiert und bewertet. Resultierend hieraus werden konzeptionelle Insuffizienzen identifiziert und analysiert, und – insoweit praktikabel – entsprechende Gegenmaßnahmen dargelegt.
Abschließend dient Kapitel 8 der Zusammenfassung der in den vorangehenden Kapiteln gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und gibt einen Überblick über thematisch-verwandte Fragestellungen, welche der näheren wissenschaftlichen Betrachtung bedürfen. Dies umfasst beispielsweise die Frage, inwiefern die Interoperabilität von SESAR und NextGen bei transatlantischen Flügen gewährleistet ist.During the next two decades, the way Air Traffic Management (ATM) is conducted will have to alter significantly due to globally changing framework conditions. This is mainly because of the steadily rising demand for air transportation at constant, limited airspace volumes, which – in direct return – makes increases in both capacity and safety become inevitable. Moreover, political decision makers as well as ATM stakeholders increasingly foster aspects like environmental protection and sustainability.
Both the European Union (EU) and the United States of America (USA) responded to this situation politically by launching the ATM initiatives SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) and NextGen (Next Generation Air Transport System) respectively. These contain binding provisions and manifold requirements which will influence all ATM stakeholders conducting flights within European and U.S. American airspaces in the future; this also encompasses airlines and their Operations Control Centers which represent an airline’s operational control room. The OCCs’ main functions are to monitor and control all relevant operating procedures and to handle sudden and/or unforeseen disruptions (e.g. inoperable aircraft, severe weather conditions). Thereby, not only the safety, but also the cost and time efficiency of flight operations has to be accounted for. As to be able to perform their tasks, today’s OCCs mainly interact with the ATM stakeholders Air Traffic Control (ATC) and cockpit crews.
This master’s thesis aims to analyze how the above mentioned ATM initiatives SESAR and NextGen will influence both the structure and workflows of today’s OCCs as well as existing OCC-cockpit crew operating procedures.
Therefore, the need for SESAR and NextGen is clarified (Chapter 1) and both projects’ documentation as well as adherent secondary literature and scientific papers are examined and compared to each other (Chapters 3 to 5). Subsequently, the setting, workflows and structures of today’s OCCs as well as their integration into airline planning processes and the interaction of OCC-cockpit crew workflows are specified (Chapter 6). Based on the provisions specified in SESAR and NextGen, schemes for future OCC integration into long- and short- term airline planning processes as well as pre- and in-flight OCC-cockpit crew workflow interaction are derived and analyzed by applying them to three self-defined scenarios. Adapted from that, a gap analysis is performed as to identify missing provisions and conceptual inadequacies (Chapter 7). Finally, a short conclusion of the results of this thesis and an overview of thematically-related issues which should be subject of further scientific research are provided (Chapter 8). This, e.g., encompasses the interoperability of SESAR and NextGen when it comes to transatlantic flight operations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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