1,721,066 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
hNEIL1 and hOGG1, potential therapeutic targets in cancer : search, functional and structural characterization studies on inhibitors
No full textL’ADN de tout organisme est continuellement endommagé par des agents physiques ou chimiques d’origines endogène ou exogène. Les dommages de l’ADN qui en résultent peuvent être à l’origine de l’apparition de mutations ou de mort cellulaire. Pour pallier à ces effets délétères, les organismes ont développé des systèmes de réparation de l’ADN. Le système de réparation par excision de base (BER) est la voie majeure de réparation des bases endommagées et est initié par des ADN glycosylases telles que hOGG1 et hNEIL1. Ces enzymes reconnaissent spécifiquement les bases lésées et les éliminent. Paradoxalement, les réparations initiées par ces protéines peuvent diminuer l’effet thérapeutique de certains traitements, notamment anti-cancéreux. En exploitant le principe de létalité synthétique, le ciblage thérapeutique de hOGG1 et hNEIL1 pourrait être pertinent pour lutter contre certains cancers, mais aussi contre des maladies neurodégénératives (Huntington) ou des processus inflammatoires pathologiques. Au travers du criblage « moyen débit » de banques de petites molécules naturelles ou synthétiques, mon travail de thèse a consisté en l’identification de nouveaux inhibiteurs sélectifs de hNEIL1 et hOGG1 et en la caractérisation de leur mode d’action par des études biochimiques et structurales. Si nous avons pu mettre en lumière des fonctions chimiques essentielles et quelques déterminants structuraux et fonctionnels relatifs à leurs modes d’action, de nombreuses zones d’ombre demeurent et mériterons d’être explorés dans le futur. En revanche, l’utilisation d’un homologue archéen de hOGG1, l’enzyme PabAGOG, a permis de proposer un modèle tridimensionnel cohérent d’un complexe hOGG1/inhibiteur pour l’un des meilleurs inhibiteurs que nous avons identifiés. Finalement, ces nouveaux composés comptent parmi les meilleurs inhibiteurs de hOGG1 et hNEIL1 identifiés à ce jour et certains d’entre eux devraient bénéficier d’une évaluation in cellulo.DNA is continuously damaged by physical or chemical agents from endogenous or exogenous sources. These damages can induce mutation or cell death. To counteract these deleterious effects, organisms have developed DNA repair systems. The Base Excision Repair System (BER) is the major pathway to repair damaged bases. It is initiated by DNA Glycosylases such as hNEIL1 and hOGG1 which specifically recognize and remove oxidized bases. However, in some situation like conventional cancer treatment, the repairs initiated by these enzymes can lead to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, based on the synthetic lethality concept, selective inhibition of hNEIL1 and hOGG1 could be relevant in some pathologic contexts like cancer, but also against neurodegenerative diseases (Huntington) or pathological inflammatory processes. This thesis work aimed to identify new selective inhibitors of hNEIL1 and hOGG1 with a "medium throughput" screening of natural or synthetic small molecule libraries, and to characterize their mode of action through biochemical and structural studies. Although we identified some essentials chemicals functions and some leads to understand the action mode of our inhibitors, many areas remains unveiled and deserve to be explored in the future. However, the use of an archaeal homologue of hOGG1, the enzyme PabAGOG, has allowed us to propose a coherent three-dimensional model of an hOGG1/inhibitor complex for one of the best inhibitors we have identified. Finally, these new inhibitors are among the best inhibitors of hOGG1 and hNEIL1 identified to date and some of them will undergo in cellulo evaluation
Structural and functional study of the recognition and metabolization of puric and pyrimidic DNA lesions by the Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase
No full textLes oxydations sur les bases nucléiques constituent l’une des sources principale d’apparition de lésions sur l’ADN, qui peuvent être mutagènes ou létales pour les cellules en l’absence de réparation de l’ADN. La Formamidopyrimidine-ADN glycosylase (Fpg), une enzyme procaryote du système de réparation de l’ADN par excision de base (BER), initie la réparation d’un large panel de lésions de ce type via ses activités ADN glycosylase (excision de la base oxydée) et AP lyase (clivage du site abasique par ß,d-élimination). Nous avons réalisé des études fonctionnelles par des techniques biochimiques et structurales par cristallographie des rayons X afin de préciser la spécificité de substrat et le mécanisme catalytique de Fpg. Ainsi, nous avons pu mettre en évidence des déterminants structuraux permettant à cette enzyme d’accommoder des lésions de tailles très différentes dans son site actif, en l’occurrence des résidus 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyG) substitués ou non en N7 par des adduits encombrants. D’autre part, nous avons caractérisé structuralement et fonctionnellement la reconnaissance et l’excision par Fpg d’une lésion pyrimidique, la 5-hydroxy-5-méthyle-hydantoïne (Hyd). Ainsi, nous avons montré que cette lésion appariée à une cytosine était un bon substrat pour l’enzyme, et nous avons précisé structuralement le mode de reconnaissance de l’Hyd par Fpg. D’autre part, nous avons mis en évidence un comportement inattendu de l’enzyme sur ce substrat. En l’occurrence, nous avons montré biochimiquement et structuralement qu’un pontage covalent se formait en quantités non négligeables entre Fpg et l’Hyd dans des conditions physiologiques.Oxidations on nucleic bases constitute one of the major sources of DNA lesions appearance, which can be mutagenic or lethal for cells in the absence of DNA repair. The prokaryotic Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg), a base excision DNA repair (BER) enzyme, initiate the repair of a wide range of such lesions via its DNA glycosylase (excision of the oxidized base) and AP lyase (cleavage of the AP site by ß,d-elimination) activities. We carried out functional studies by biochemical techniques and structural studies by X-ray crystallography so as to state Fpg’s substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism. Thus, we have been able to underline the structural determinants enabling this enzyme to accommodate lesions of very different sizes in its active site, in this case 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyG) residues N7-substituted or not by bulky adducts. On the other hand, we structurally and functionally characterized the recognition and excision by Fpg of a pyrimidic lesion, the 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-hydantoin (Hyd). Thus, we have shown that this lesion paired with a cytosine was a good substrate for the enzyme, and stated structurally the recognition mode of Hyd by Fpg. On the other hand, we have underlined an unexpected behaviour of the enzyme on this substrate. In this case, we have biochemically and structurally shown that a covalent link was formed in sizeable quantities between Fpg and Hyd in physiological conditions
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
yOgg1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bifunctional DNA glycosylase involved in base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage, interacts with the replicative DNA polymerase, Polε
No full textLes dommages oxydatifs de l’ADN sont impliqués dans les processus pathologiques que sont le cancer, les maladies neurodégénératives ou le vieillissement. Ces dommages résultent en partie de l’action des espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ERO), qui proviennent du métabolisme cellulaire ou d’agents exogènes (physiques ou chimiques), et qui conduisent à différents types de lésions parmi lesquelles l’oxydation des bases de l’ADN (8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoG) ou la formation de sites abasiques AP (apurique/apyrimidique). Ces lésions, qui si elles ne sont pas éliminées conduisent à des processus de mutagenèse ou de mort cellulaire, sont prises en charge spécifiquement par le système de réparation de l’ADN par excision de base ou BER. Le BER est initié par l’action d’une ADN glycosylase, telles que la 8-oxoG-ADN glycosylase (Ogg1) chargée d’éliminer la 8-oxoG, une lésion très abondante. Une étude par « double-hybride » initiatrice de ce projet a révélé l’existence d’une interaction in vivo chez S. cerevisiae entre la protéine yOgg1 et la sous-unité catalytique de l’ADN polymérase réplicative Polε (yPol2), également impliquée dans la voie BER chez la levure. Nos travaux démontrent que yOgg1 et yPol2 interagissent bien physiquement entre elles et de façon spécifique. Une étude par troncations et mutagenèse dirigée nous a permis d’identifier le domaine 3’→5’ exonucléase de yPol2 comme faisant partie de la forme tronquée minimale de yPol2 capable d’interagir avec yOgg1. La poche du site actif de yOgg1 et/ou son voisinage immédiat pourrait contenir pour partie le site d’interaction pour yPol2. Nous observons d’ailleurs une corrélation nette entre l’activité de yOgg1 et sa capacité à interagir avec yPol2 dans la levure. De même, l’activité 3’→5’ exonucléase de yPol2 pourrait être liée à son interaction avec yOgg1. D’un point de vue fonctionnel, yPol2 stimulerait l’activité AP lyase de yOgg1 et le couplage entre l’activité ADN glycosylase et AP lyase de l’enzyme, permettant ainsi une meilleure coordination de l’étape d’excision du nucléoside endommagé et l’étape de resynthèse de l’ADN dans la voie BER.Oxidative DNA damages are involved in pathological processes such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Part of these damages results from the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced by cellular metabolism or (physical or chemical) exogenous agents. They lead to different types of DNA lesions including DNA base oxidation (8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoG) and abasic site formation (AP, apuric/apyrimidic). If not removed, these lesions lead to mutagenesis or cell death. Most of base lesions are dealt specifically by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. BER is initiated by a DNA glycosylase, such as 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase (Ogg1) which is responsible for the removal of 8-oxoG. In previous unpublished work, a yeast two-hybrid study revealed the existence in S. cerevisiae of an interaction between yOgg1 and the catalytic subunit of the replicative DNA polymerase Polε (yPol2), also involved in the BER pathway in eukaryotes. Our work shows that yOgg1 and yPol2 physically and specifically interact with each other. Truncation and site-directed mutagenesis studies allowed us to identify the 3 ' → 5' exonuclease activity domain of yPol2 as part of the minimal form of yPol2 still able to interact with yOgg1. The active site of yOgg1 and/or its immediate vicinity may contain part of its interaction domain with yPol2. Besides, we observe a clear correlation between yOgg1 catalytic activity and its ability to interact with yPol2 in vivo. Similarly, the 3'→5' exonuclease activity of yPol2 could be useful to its interaction with yOgg1. From a functional point of view, yPol2 stimulates in vitro the AP lyase activity of yOgg1 and the coupling of both DNA glycosylase and AP lyase enzyme activity. The interaction yOgg1/yPol2 could allow a better coordination of damaged nucleoside excision and DNA re-synthesis steps in BER
- …
