1,721,002 research outputs found
UTILIZAÇÃO DO TREINAMENTO NEUROMUSCULAR E PROPRIOCEPTIVO PARA PREVENÇÃO DAS LESÕES DESPORTIVAS
Get PDFAs lesões musculoesqueléticas apresentam alta prevalência no meio esportivo e, portanto, são necessárias medidas preventivas e, dentre estas, destacam-se os treinamentos proprioceptivo e neuromuscular. Porém, antes da sua aplicação, faz-se necessário buscar evidências sobre sua eficácia e sobre seus mecanismos de ação. Os objetivos desta revisão foram: a) conceituar termos relacionados ao controle neuromuscular e propriocepção; b) buscar evidências a favor do uso do treinamento neuromuscular e proprioceptivo, direcionados aos membros inferiores, como métodos de prevenção de lesões desportivas; e c) descrever os prováveis mecanismos neurofisiológicos envolvidos na adaptação ao treinamento neuromuscular e proprioceptivo. O controle neuromuscular é mais abrangente do que a propriocepção, já que esta última está mais relacionada com informações aferentes, que serão utilizadas pelo sistema nervoso central para produzir o controle motor adequado. Também se observou que há várias evidências que sustentam a implantação de programas de treinamento neuromuscular e proprioceptivo na rotina dos atletas com finalidade preventiva contra as lesões desportivas. Entretanto, os mecanismos pelos quais essas intervenções protegem os atletas das lesões são menos compreendidos
Sincronismo cardiolocomotor : interação entre parâmetros locomotores, neuromusculares e fisiológicos e sua repercussão sobre a bioenergética da corrida de longa distância
Get PDFIntrodução: O sincronismo cardiolocomotor (SCL) ocorre quando as frequências desses dois sistemas assumem um ritmo oscilatório comum e tem sido observado em atividades cíclicas. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre sua repercussão no desempenho esportivo. Dentre os possíveis efeitos do SCL destaca-se o aperfeiçoamento da função cardíaca e a consequente otimização da perfusão sanguínea nos músculos ativos, com redução no dispêndio energético do músculo cardíaco. Tais efeitos podem impactar positivamente a economia de corrida. Objetivo: Analisar as interações entre parâmetros locomotores, neuromusculares e fisiológicos, especialmente o SCL, e a repercussão dessas interações na bioenergética da corrida de longa distância. Métodos: Corredores de longa distância realizaram testes de corrida em esteira rolante, com duração entre três e cinco minutos cada, em diferentes velocidades. Sinais de eletrocardiografia (ECG) e eletromiografia de superfície (EMG) dos músculos vasto lateral e gastrocnêmio medial foram registrados para determinar o SCL por meio da Coerência Wavelet que retornou o Coeficiente de Coerência Wavelet (CCW) variando de 0 (ausência de coerência) até 1 (coerência perfeita), bem como as frequências de sincronização (Freq Sincro). Nós consideramos o SCL como manifesto quando o CCW > 0,8. Os parâmetros espaço-temporais da corrida foram obtidos por cinemetria e os parâmetros energéticos (custo de transporte) e hemodinâmicos (pulso de oxigênio) por análise de gases metabólicos Na análise estatística usou-se os Modelos Lineares Mistos Generalizados (GLMMs), com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Em todos os testes, observamos poucos eventos considerados como SCL, em média menos de 1% dos dados analisados, embora tenhamos observado de forma sistemática um componente de frequência (Fsincro) nos sinais centrado na frequência de passo, algo entre 160 a 170 passos min-1, que pode ser indicativo do arrastamento da frequência cardíaca pela frequência locomotora. As diferenças estatísticas encontradas nas variáveis hemodinâmicas e metabólicas não parecem ser consequência da SCL. Conclusão: Visto que o SCL não foi identificado nos nossos achados, a repercussão deste nas variáveis mecânicas, hemodinâmicas e metabólicas, incluindo a economia de corrida, são apenas especulativas.Introduction: Cardiolocomotor synchronization (CLS) occurs when the frequencies of these two systems assume a common oscillatory rhythm and has been observed in cyclic activities such, but little is known about its repercussion in sports performance. Among the possible effects of CLS are the improvement of cardiac function and the consequent optimization of blood perfusion in the muscles involved in the activity, with reduction of the energy expenditure of the cardiac muscle. Such effects may positively impact the running economy. Aims: To analyze the interactions between locomotor, neuromuscular and physiological parameters, especially cardiolocomotor synchrony, and the repercussion of these interactions on bioenergetics of long distance running. Methods: Long distance runners performed treadmill running tests, lasting between three and five minutes each, at different speeds. Electrocardiography (ECG) and surface electromyography (SEMG) of the vastus lateralis and medial gastrocnemius muscles signals were recorded to determine the CLS by Wavelet Coherence that returned the Wavelet Coherence Coefficient (WCC) ranging from 0 (no coherence) to 1 (perfect coherence), as well as the synchronization frequencies (Freq Synchro). We considered CLS as manifested when WCC > 0.8. The running spatiotemporal parameters were obtained by cinematic and the energetic (cost of transport) and hemodynamic (oxygen pulse) parameters by metabolic gases analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using Generalized Mixed Linear Models (GLMMs), with a significance level of 5%. Results: In all tests, we observed rarely events considered as CLS, on average less than 1% of the data analyzed, although we systematically observed a component of frequency (Freq Synchro) in the signals centered on the step frequency, something between 160 and 170 steps min-1, which may be indicative of the entrainment of the heart rate by the locomotor frequency. The statistical differences found in hemodynamic variables and metabolic variables do not seem to be a consequence of CLS. Conclusion: Since CLS was not identified in our findings, its repercussion on mechanical, hemodynamic and metabolic variables, including running economy, is just speculation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Nordic walking training in elderly, a randomized clinical trial. Part II: Biomechanical and metabolic adaptations
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Nordic walking is an attractive method of endurance training. Nevertheless, the biomechanic response due to the additional contribution of using poles in relation to free walking training has been less explored in the elderly. PURPOSE: This randomized parallel controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of 8 weeks of Nordic walking and free walking training on the walking economy, mechanical work, metabolically optimal speed, and electromyographic activation in elderly. METHODS: Thirty-three sedentary elderly were randomized into Nordic walking (n = 16) and free walking group (n = 17) with equalized loads. Submaximal walking tests were performed from 1 to 5 km h-1 on the treadmill. RESULTS: Walking economy was improved in both free and Nordic walking groups (x2 4.91, p = 0.014) and the metabolically optimal speed was increased by approximately 0.5 km h-1 changing the speed-cost profile. The electromyographic activation in lower and upper limbs, pendular recovery, and total, external, and internal mechanical work remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the internal mechanical work associated with arm movement was higher in the Nordic walking group than in the free walking group after training, while the co-contraction from upper limb muscles was reduced similarly to both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Eight weeks of Nordic walking training effectively improved the walking economy and functionality as well as maintained the gait mechanics, similar to free walking training in elderly people. This enhancement in the metabolic economy may have been mediated by a reduction in the co-contraction from upper limb muscles. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrails.gov NCT03096964
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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