512 research outputs found
Bioethics of the Refusal of Blood by Jehovah's Witnesses: Part 1. Should Bioethical Deliberation Consider Dissidents' Views?
No full textJehovah's Witnesses' (JWs) refusal of blood transfusions has recently
gained support in the medical community because of the growing popularity of
"no-blood" treatment. Many physicians, particularly so-called "sympathetic
doctors", are establishing a close relationship with this religious
organization. On the other hand, it is little known that this blood doctrine
is being strongly criticized by reform-minded current and former JWs who have
expressed conscientious dissent from the organization. Their arguments reveal
religious practices that conflict with many physicians' moral standards. They
also suggest that a certain segment of "regular" or orthodox JWs may have
different attitudes towards the blood doctrine. The author considers these
viewpoints and argues that there are ethical flaws in the blood doctrine, and
that the medical community should reconsider its supportive position. The
usual physician assumption that JWs are acting autonomously and uniformly in
refusing blood is seriously questioned
Bioethics of the Refusal of Blood by Jehovah's Witnesses: Part 3. a Proposal for a Don't-Ask-Don't-Tell Policy
No full textOf growing concern over Jehovah's Witnesses' (JWs) refusal of blood
is the intrusion of the religious organisation into its members' personal
decision making about medical care. The organisation currently may apply
severe religious sanctions to JWs who opt for certain forms of blood-based
treatment. While the doctrine may be maintained as the unchangeable "law of
God", the autonomy of individual JW patients could still be protected by the
organisation modifying its current policy so that it strictly adheres to the
right of privacy regarding personal medical information. The author proposes
that the controlling religious organisation adopt a "don't-ask-don't-tell"
policy, which assures JWs that they would neither be asked nor compelled to
reveal personal medical information, either to one another or to the church
organisation. This would relieve patients of the fear of breach of medical
confidentiality and ensure a truly autonomous decision on blood-based
treatments without fear of organisational control or sanction
Operating on Jehovah’s Witnesses: A Challenging Surgical Issue
No full textBlood transfusion is often utilized in surgery. Greece is the second-highest consumer of blood components in Europe. It has been shown that at least half of all transfusions are unnecessary and could be avoided. Jehovah’s Witnesses (JWs) are a Christian religion that do not accept transfusion of whole blood or the four primary components of blood—namely, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. This a retrospective study from September of 2015 to January of 2018, analyzing all JWs who underwent an elective operation at the Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery in Laiko University Hospital. Twenty-nine (Rogers et al. in NCCN Guidelines Version 2.2014 Cancer- and Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Fort Washington, 2013) JW patients, 23 females (74.1%) and eight males, were operated on during the aforementioned period. The median ASA score was 1 (range 1–3), and only two of the patients needed postoperative monitoring in the ICU. Almost half of the patients (45.1%) needed iron infusion and EPO injection preoperatively. Two patients presented with postoperative complications, with no postoperative deaths. In conclusion, we found that surgery, in our small group of JW patients, was safe and successful despite the lack of blood transfusion. Techniques developed to treat JW patients should be more widely used to improve clinical outcomes and reduce costs to the healthcare system. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature
Reaction of 3-chloro-3-methyldiazirines with hydrogen atoms
No full textPT: J; CR: BINGHAM RC, 1975, J AM CHEM SOC, V97, P1285 BRADLEY GF, 1977, J CHEM SOC P2, P1214 BRASLAVSKY S, 1977, CHEM REV, V77, P473 CHADWELL HM, 1933, J AM CHEM SOC, V55, P1363 CLARK DT, 1969, T FARADAY SOC, V62, P393 CLARK DT, 1969, T FARADAY SOC, V62, P399 CLARK DT, 1969, T FARADAY SOC, V62, P405 CLOUGH PN, 1970, CAN J CHEM, V48, P2919 DYKSTRA CE, 1978, J AM CHEM SOC, V100, P1378 FIGUERA JM, 1978, J CHEM SOC F1, P809 FREY HM, 1966, ADV PHOTOCHEM, V4, P225 FREY HM, 1977, J CHEM SOC F1, P2010 GILBERT JC, 1979, TETRAHEDRON LETT, P4619 GRAHAM WH, 1965, J AM CHEM SOC, V87, P4306 JAMIESON JWS, 1970, CAN J CHEM, V48, P3619 JENNINGS BM, 1976, J AM CHEM SOC, V98, P6416 JONES M, 1973, CARBENES, V1 JONES WE, CHEM BIOMED ENV INST JONES WE, 1973, CHEM REV, V73, P407 JONES WE, 1978, J CHEM SOC F2, V74, P831 LAU A, 1964, SPECTROCHIM ACTA, V20, P97 LIU MTH, UNPUBLISHED LIU MTH, 1973, CAN J CHEM, V51, P2393 LIU MTH, 1977, CAN J CHEM, V55, P3596 MAEDA Y, 1979, J AM CHEM SOC, V101, P837 MARTIN LR, 1979, INT J CHEM KINET, V11, P543 MEIER H, 1977, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V16, P835 MOFFAT JB, 1978, CHEM DIAZONIUM DIA 1 MOSS RA, 1978, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P775 SCHMITZ E, 1964, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V3, P333 SCHMITZ E, 1971, 23RD INT C PUR ALL C, V2, P283 SCOTT PM, 1969, J PHYS CHEM-US, V73, P1513 SMITH NP, 1979, J CHEM SOC P2, P213 WITTER RA, 1973, J ORG CHEM, V38, P484; NR: 34; TC: 3; J9: J AMER CHEM SOC; PG: 2; GA: JN379Source type: Electronic(1
Developmental and comparative perspectives of contagious yawning
No full textBook synopsis: Yawning is a stereotyped phylogenetically ancient phenomenon that occurs in almost all vertebrates. As an emotional behavior and an expressive movement, yawning has many consequences; nevertheless, it has so far been poorly addressed in medical research and practice. Bringing together the latest research from many fields, this volume integrates current insights within embryology, ethology, neurophysiology, psychology, fMRI and pathology. The phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects of yawning offer an interesting perspective on human development, and its occurrence in neurological diseases – an area explored by only a few investigators – may provide useful clinical information.
This book will make valuable and fascinating reading to neurologists, sleep specialists, psychologists, ethologists and pharmacologists, as well as to anybody interested in uncovering the mystery of yawning
Venous sinus thrombosis in a renal transplant patient [2]
No full text[No abstract available]Bertz H, 1998, TRANSPLANTATION, V66, P241, DOI 10.1097-00007890-199807270-00018; DAVID CZI, 2001, NEPHROL DIAL TRANSPL, V16, P1702; Guerrero AL, 1999, MED CLIN-BARCELONA, V112, P238; Irish AB, 1997, NEPHROL DIAL TRANSPL, V12, P167, DOI 10.1093-ndt-12.1.167; Kujovich JL, 2004, TRANSPLANTATION, V77, P959, DOI 10.1097-01.TP.0000107185.50838.EE; Merkus JWS, 1998, TRANSPLANT INT, V11, P284, DOI 10.1111-j.1432-2277.1998.tb00972.x; RABELINK TJ, 1994, KIDNEY INT, V46, P287, DOI 10.1038-ki.1994.274; Sartori MT, 2000, TRANSPLANTATION, V69, P2116, DOI 10.1097-00007890-200005270-00026; Sartori MT, 2003, TRANSPLANTATION, V75, P994, DOI 10.1097-01.TP.0000058544.71993.E6; Stam J, 2005, NEW ENGL J MED, V352, P1791, DOI 10.1056-NEJMra042354; VANRENTERGHEM Y, 1985, LANCET, V1, P9990
Achieving aerospace standard porosity levels when welding thin and thick-section aluminium using fibre-delivered lasers : executive summary
No full textEnvironmental and commercial pressures have forced the aerospace industry to look at
alternatives to riveting for the manufacture of aluminium aircraft structures. This resulted, at
the end of last century, in an extensive study by Airbus into the possiblities of using CO2
lasers, which led to the process being implemented for a (small) number of stringer-to-skin
fuselage panels in the newer Airbus models. Since this initial commercial success, new laser
sources have become available that are more suitable for the welding of aluminium than CO2
lasers, in the form of Nd: YAG and Yb-fibre lasers. Both produce a wavelength that is
absorbed more efficiently by aluminium alloys than the CO2 laser wavelength, resulting in an
improved keyhole stability, as demonstrated in the late nineties for Nd: YAG lasers. In addition,
Yb-fibre lasers have become available at output powers higher than available for Nd: YAG
lasers, allowing thicker sections of aluminium to be welded in a single pass. However, despite
their claimed advantages, no efforts were made to demonstrate the potential of these lasers
for (aluminium) aircraft manufacture. For this reason, the author initiated a series of studies in
2001, with the overall aim to develop procedures to laser weld both thin (3.2mm) and thicksection
(12.7mm) aerospace aluminium alloys using these fibre-delivered lasers to a weld
quality, in particular related to weld metal porosity, suitable for aerospace service. The focus
in this research was on weld metal porosity, because this is a particular problem when laser
welding aluminium, either in the form of fine (hydrogen) porosity or larger porosity associated
with an unstable keyhole behaviour. The benchmark weld metal porosity for this study was
obtained from the stringent weld quality classes defined in BS EN 13919-2 and AWS D17.1.
The approach to this research was in three parts, with work in the first aimed at demonstrating
that a 3kW Nd: YAG laser was capable of producing low-porosity welds in 3.2mm thickness
2024 aluminium alloy, and thus can be considered for replacing the CO2 laser currently used
for the stringer-to-skin fuselage application. Prior to the final part of the research, in which a
7kW Yb-fibre laser was used to demonstrate that these benchmark porosity levels could also
be achieved in thicker section (aerospace-grade) aluminium, a comparison study was carried
out to quantify the difference in welding performance between the Nd: YAG and the Yb-fibre
laser. At an output power of 4kW focused in a 0.4mm diameter spot, the Yb-fibre laser was
capable of a 30% higher welding speeds in 4mm (5083) aluminium alloy, or a 20% increase in
depth of penetration for welding speeds between 1 and 15m/min, compared with the Nd: YAG
laser. This improvement in welding performance, together with an output power of 7W,
produced full penetration in 12.7mm thickness (aerospace-grade) AI-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminium
alloy using the Yb-fibre laser autogenously, or in a hybrid configuration with a MIG arc. Both
the autogenous laser and hybrid laser-MIG process were capable of producing welds with a
weld metal porosity in line with the BS EN 13919-2 and AWS D17.1 benchmark conditions, at
welding speeds of 0.55 and 0.75m/min, respectively. At these production rates, the 248
metres of stringer incorporated in a typical aluminium wing structure can be welded in 7.5 and
5.5 hours, in case of autogenous laser and hybrid laser-MIG, respectively, compared with
37.6 hours currently needed for the riveting process
ORS Responsive Systems Architecture Design and Indicated Directions for the 1st Spacecraft and Payload Missions
No full textOperationally Responsive Space (ORS) is an important DoD initiative to identify and build missions to use small satellites and significantly decrease costs. Efforts over the past two years have focused on establishing spacecraft standards and developing technologies. With the recent formation of a DoD program office to develop and conduct responsive war fighting support operations with small satellites, the DoD and industry need to examine the architectures and program development paths that achieve those goals. This paper examines an important way of potentially using the small satellites and standards defined by the ORS/JWS Industry Systems Engineering Team (ISET) and the benefits that would result. Working from one of the essential ORS objectives, the need for responsive contact with ORS LEO missions, the author develops a new mission application for ORS satellites and defines the system architecture, identifies some main requirements, and suggests a preliminary design. The system discussed promotes responsive launch, efficient operations, and low-cost system systems development from which all small satellites and missions would benefit. The proposed mission application greatly enhances LEO missions and their value by the use of a small group of communications satellites. The analyses in the paper identify trades on the mission, applicable orbits, and operations; recommend a system configuration; suggest satellite configurations consistent with the developed ORS standards; and discuss additional benefits this mission would yield. The results provide compelling arguments and implications for the definition of the overall ORS systems architecture, the procurement of at least five satellites for the first block buy, and the ground support and launch segments to be developed for ORS
Long-delayed onset of chest wall pain defining a patient with SAPHO syndrome
No full textA 57-year-old woman presented with 2 months history of right chest pain with direct tenderness and swelling over the right sternoclavicular joint. She had a 20-year history of skin rash over both soles and palms suggestive of pustulosis palmaris and plantaris without musculoskeletal symptoms. CT scan of the right sternoclavicular joint showed osteolysis of the joint and adjacent sclerosis. 99mTechnetium bone scan was abnormal with increased uptake over the joint and manubrium. She was diagnosed with SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis). This case report emphasizes the long duration that can lapse between onset of initial skin manifestations and musculoskeletal symptoms to define SAPHO syndrome. © 2007 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Inc.Earwaker JWS, 2003, SKELETAL RADIOL, V32, P311, DOI 10.1007-s00256-003-0629-x; Franz T, 2005, CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R, P277, DOI 10.1097-01.blo.00001796146.73638.b5; Guignard S, 2002, JOINT BONE SPINE, V69, P392, DOI 10.1016-S1297-319X(02)00419-0; Hayem G, 1999, SEMIN ARTHRITIS RHEU, V29, P159, DOI 10.1016-S0049-0172(99)80027-4; KAHN MF, 1991, J RHEUMATOL, V18, P1104; KAHN MF, 1994, ORAL SURG ORAL MED O, V78, P594, DOI 10.1016-0030-4220(94)90170-8; Olivieri I, 2006, EXPERT OPIN INV DRUG, V15, P1229, DOI 10.1517-13543784.15.10.1229; Olivieri I, 2002, ANN RHEUM DIS, V61, P375, DOI 10.1136-ard.61.4.375; Smith M, 2005, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V89, P1069, DOI 10.1136-bjo.2004.057430; Theumann N H, 2005, Australas Radiol, V49, P418, DOI 10.1111-j.1440-1673.2005.01475.x; Van Doornum S, 2000, SEMIN ARTHRITIS RHEU, V30, P70, DOI 10.1053-sarh.2000.837122
The SEEK: A platform for sharing data and models in systems biology
No full textSystems biology research is typically performed by multidisciplinary groups of scientists, often in large consortia and in distributed locations. The data generated in these projects tend to be heterogeneous and often involves high-throughput "omics" analyses. Models are developed iteratively from data generated in the projects and from the literature. Consequently, there is a growing requirement for exchanging experimental data, mathematical models, and scientific protocols between consortium members and a necessity to record and share the outcomes of experiments and the links between data and models. The overall output of a research consortium is also a valuable commodity in its own right. The research and associated data and models should eventually be available to the whole community for reuse and future analysis. The SEEK is an open-source, Web-based platform designed for the management and exchange of systems biology data and models. The SEEK was originally developed for the SysMO (systems biology of microorganisms) consortia, but the principles and objectives are applicable to any systems biology project. The SEEK provides an index of consortium resources and acts as gateway to other tools and services commonly used in the community. For example, the model simulation tool, JWS Online, has been integrated into the SEEK, and a plug-in to PubMed allows publications to be linked to supporting data and author profiles in the SEEK. The SEEK is a pragmatic solution to data management which encourages, but does not force, researchers to share and disseminate their data to community standard formats. It provides tools to assist with management and annotation as well as incentives and added value for following these recommendations. Data exchange and reuse rely on sufficient annotation, consistent metadata descriptions, and the use of standard exchange formats for models, data, and the experiments they are derived from. In this chapter, we present the SEEK platform, its functionalities, and the methods employed for lowering the barriers to adoption of standard formats. As the production of biological data continues to grow, in systems biology and in the life sciences in general, the need to record, manage, and exploit this wealth of information in the future is increasing. We promote the SEEK as a data and model management tool that can be adapted to the specific needs of a particular systems biology project. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Articl
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