1,721,256 research outputs found
The cascade of intervention: labour induction and caesarean section in the United Kingdom
No full textLabour induction and caesarean section are childbirth interventions experienced by a growing number of women globally each year. These two medical procedures are often linked in maternal health literature through the cascade of interventions, an intervention pathway defined by labour induction at the start of birth and operative delivery at the end. While the maternal indicators of labour induction have been well documented in countries such as the United States, considerably less research has been done into which women have a higher likelihood of labour induction in the United Kingdom, and how the risk of labour induction is associated with operative delivery in the UK. This project examines the maternal risk factors of labour induction in the United Kingdom and how these indicators are related to the likelihood of operative delivery, using data from the Millennium Cohort Study.The thesis first uses logistic regression to explore which maternal characteristics are associated with labour induction in the United Kingdom, and determines that maternal educational qualifications and the deprivation of a woman’s electoral ward have significant associations with likelihood of labour induction. In the second analysis chapter, this project examines health care context by utilizing multilevel logistic regression to analyse if risk of labour induction varies by NHS Trust. Results from these analyses determine that risk of labour induction does vary by NHS Trust, the influence of maternal educational qualifications on labour induction risk varies by NHS Trust, and country of NHS Trust is a significant predictor of labour induction. Finally, in order to better understand how the cascade of intervention operates in the United Kingdom, the third analysis investigates the link between labour induction and type of delivery using multinomial logistic regression and KHB mediation analysis. This analysis finds that women who are induced are more likely to experience operative delivery, and that this relationship is mediated by epidural anaesthesia. Additionally, maternal height moderates the associations between labour induction, epidural, and delivery type, such that women between 1.60 and 1.69 metres tall are more at risk of operative delivery after labour induction and epidural than women at shorter or taller heights.This project finds that maternal demographic and socioeconomic indicators influence the risk of labour induction, and that the association between labour induction and operative delivery can be mediated by epidural anaesthesia and moderated by maternal height, within the health care context of the United Kingdom. Determining which women are more likely to experience labour induction and operative delivery in the UK can allow women to make more informed choices about their health care and can help support efforts to provide women with individualized, patient-centred care during their labours and births
Figure 9 in The Flint Artefacts from two Workshops at Wadi el-Sheikh, Eastern Desert, Egypt
No full textFigure 9. Preform of crescent knife, AM E9581, 17 cm long, 330 g. Scale 5 cm.Published as part of Florek, Stan, Hikade, Thomas & Carter, Sarah, 2019, The Flint Artefacts from two Workshops at Wadi el-Sheikh, Eastern Desert, Egypt, pp. 121-137 in Records of the Australian Museum 71 (4) on page 132, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.71.2019.1681, http://zenodo.org/record/465336
Figure 7 in The Flint Artefacts from two Workshops at Wadi el-Sheikh, Eastern Desert, Egypt
No full textFigure 7. Knife-fragment, AM E9637, 8.5 cm long, 34 g. Scale 5 cm.Published as part of Florek, Stan, Hikade, Thomas & Carter, Sarah, 2019, The Flint Artefacts from two Workshops at Wadi el-Sheikh, Eastern Desert, Egypt, pp. 121-137 in Records of the Australian Museum 71 (4) on page 131, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.71.2019.1681, http://zenodo.org/record/465336
Socioeconomic risk factors for labour induction in the United Kingdom
No full textBackground: Labour induction is a childbirth intervention experienced by a growing number of women globally each year. While the maternal and socioeconomic indicators of labour induction are well documented in countries like the United States, considerably less research has been done into which women have a higher likelihood of labour induction in the United Kingdom. This paper explores the relationship between labour induction and maternal demographic, socioeconomic, and health indicators by parity in the United Kingdom. Method: Logistic regression analyses were conducted using the first sweep of the Millennium Cohort Study, including a wide range of socioeconomic factors such as maternal educational attainment, marital status, and electoral ward deprivation, in addition to maternal and infant health indicators. Results: In fully adjusted models, nulliparous and multiparous women with fewer educational qualifications and those living in disadvantaged places had a greater likelihood of labour induction than women with higher qualifications and women in advantaged electoral wards. Conclusions: This paper highlights which UK women are at higher risk of labour induction and how this risk varies by socioeconomic status, demonstrating that less advantaged women are more likely to experience labour induction. This evidence could help health care professionals identify which patients may be at higher risk of childbirth intervention.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The role of digital literacy in maintaining autonomy in AI decision-support: balancing the burdens
No full textIntegrating AI systems into workflows risks undermining the competence of the people supported by them, specifically due to a loss of meta-cognitive competence. We discuss a recent suggestion to mitigate this through better uncertainty quantification. While this is certainly a step in the right direction, there is a question whether users are sufficiently supported to engage in critical reflection with literacy and tools alone. We therefore suggest that socio-technical system design focused on the role of AI systems is crucial to preserving autonomy, even when supported by uncertainty quantification.</p
Benchmarking robots in smart cities
Full text linkIn order for robots to become integrated into society, we need to be able to prove that robots do their jobs reliably. Robot benchmarking competitions in smart cities offer a glimpse into our future
- …
