78 research outputs found
Book review: we are data: algorithms and the making of our digital selves by John Cheney-Lippold
No full textIn We Are Data: Algorithms and the Making of Our Digital Selves, John Cheney-Lippold examines how algorithms increasingly interpret and influence our behaviour. With the author concluding with some pragmatic suggestions for challenging the digital status quo, Daniel Zwi welcomes the book for both capably elucidating the problem of algorithimic regulation and forearming us to tackle this issue
Vergleichende Untersuchung differenter Methoden zur skelettalen Altersbestimmung im Rahmen der kieferorthopädischen Diagnostik
No full textZiel dieser Studie war die Analyse dreier Methoden zur skelettalen Altersbestimmung im Rahmen der kieferorthopädischen Diagnostik. Neben Orthopantomogrammen und Fernröntgenseitenaufnahmen wurden auch Handröntgenaufnahmen untersucht. Durch eine Korrelationsanalyse wurden die Methoden verglichen. Die Handröntgenaufnahme wurde nach der Methode von Grave und Brown analysiert. Die Halswirbelossifikationsbestimmung erfolgte nach dem "CVMI" System. Das dentale Alter wurde nach Demirjan bestimmt. Die Korrelationsberechnung zur Handröntgenaufnahme ergab eine mittlere bis hohe Korrelation in der skelettalen Altersbestimmung bei der FRS und eine nur geringe Korrelation beim OPG. Im Vergleich der Aufnahmearten untereinander ist der Handaufnahme die Position des Goldstandards zuzumessen. Anhand der Ergebnisse kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass die FRS verlässliche Ergebnisse liefert. Diese Schlussfolgerungen aus dem OPG zu entwickeln, ist aufgrund der eigenen Ergebnisse nicht zu empfehlen
The effect of e-learning on the quality of orthodontic appliances
No full textStephanie Schorn-Borgmann,1 Carsten Lippold,2 Dirk Wiechmann,3 Thomas Stamm2 1Private Practice, Nordkirchen, Germany; 2Department of Orthodontics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; 3Department of Orthodontics, University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany Purpose: The effect of e-learning on practical skills in medicine has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Today’s multimedia learning environment and access to e-books provide students with more knowledge than ever before. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of online demonstrations concerning the quality of orthodontic appliances manufactured by undergraduate dental students. Materials and methods: The study design was a parallel-group randomized clinical trial. Fifty-four participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: 1) conventional lectures, 2) conventional lectures plus written online material, and 3) access to resources of groups one and two plus access to online video material. Three orthodontic appliances (Schwarz Plate, U-Bow Activator, and Fränkel Regulator) were manufactured during the course and scored by two independent raters blinded to the participants. A 15-point scale index was used to evaluate the outcome quality of the appliances. Results: In general, no significant differences were found between the groups. Concerning the appliances, the Schwarz Plate obtained the highest scores, whereas the Fränkel Regulator had the lowest scores; however, these results were independent of the groups. Females showed better outcome scores than males in groups two and three, but the difference was insignificant. Age of the participants also had no significant effect. Conclusion: The offer that students could use additional time and course-independent e-learning resources did not increase the outcome quality of the orthodontic appliances. The advantages of e-learning observed in the theoretical fields of medicine were not achieved in the educational procedures for manual skills. Factors other than e-learning may have a higher impact on manual skills, and this should be investigated in further studies. Keywords: e-learning, orthodontics, laboratory, skills, appliances 
Vergleichende Untersuchung differenter Methoden zur skelettalen Altersbestimmung im Rahmen der kieferorthopädischen Diagnostik
No full textZiel dieser Studie war die Analyse dreier Methoden zur skelettalen Altersbestimmung im Rahmen der kieferorthopädischen Diagnostik. Neben Orthopantomogrammen und Fernröntgenseitenaufnahmen wurden auch Handröntgenaufnahmen untersucht. Durch eine Korrelationsanalyse wurden die Methoden verglichen. Die Handröntgenaufnahme wurde nach der Methode von Grave und Brown analysiert. Die Halswirbelossifikationsbestimmung erfolgte nach dem "CVMI" System. Das dentale Alter wurde nach Demirjan bestimmt. Die Korrelationsberechnung zur Handröntgenaufnahme ergab eine mittlere bis hohe Korrelation in der skelettalen Altersbestimmung bei der FRS und eine nur geringe Korrelation beim OPG. Im Vergleich der Aufnahmearten untereinander ist der Handaufnahme die Position des Goldstandards zuzumessen. Anhand der Ergebnisse kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass die FRS verlässliche Ergebnisse liefert. Diese Schlussfolgerungen aus dem OPG zu entwickeln, ist aufgrund der eigenen Ergebnisse nicht zu empfehlen
Quantification of biogenic silica by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) in marine sediments
No full textDue to the major role played by diatoms in the marine biological pump, opal/biogenic silica (bSi) has a strong potential as a proxy for paleoproduction reconstructions. Here, we present a detailed evaluation of the independent Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) calibration introduced by Meyer-Jacob et al. (2014a), which is based on synthetic sediment mixtures with known concentrations of bSi and the application of partial least squares (PLS) regression, for the determination of bSi in marine sediments. To test the robustness of the FTIRS calibration for marine samples we selected 199 globally distributed samples, with available wet chemically inferred bSi concentrations and compared the results of both methods. We observe that the spectral characteristics in marine samples are comparable to those reported for a synthetic FTIR spectrum composed solely of spectral features in quartz, biogenic silica, and calcite. FTIRS-inferred and wet-chemically measured bSi concentrations for the set of 199 marine sediment samples are strongly correlated (R2 = 0.87; RMSE = 5.27%). Together with the high reproducibility of bSi values by the independent calibration our results corroborate the applicability of the independent FTIRS bSi calibration for quantification in marine samples. This together with the succinct sample preparation procedure, rapid analysis, reduced consumable and machine maintenance costs makes FTIRS a powerful and robust alternative for the quantitative analysis of bSi in marine sediments
Complexation and Adsorption of [152Eu]Eu to Superplasticizers and Bentonite at Variable Salt Concentrations
No full textThe preferred method for the storage of spent nuclear fuel (HLW) is the disposal in deep geological formations. The repository will consist not only of the geological barrier but also of an engineered barrier and has to isolate the waste for at least 106 years from the biosphere [1]. In this barrier, several materials like concrete or bentonite are effective in retention of radionuclides. In modern concrete, several additives are used to improve the properties of the cement paste. Superplasticizers of the polycarboxylateether (PCE)-family are widely used for this purpose [2]. These organic materials might have an influence on the mobility of radionuclides. Hence, it is necessary to study their complexation and adsorption behaviour with radionuclides, cement-phases like C-S-H and buffer materials like bentonite considering a possible leaching of PCE from cement in consequence of water influx. In this study, the complexation and adsorption behaviour of the superplasticizer MasterGlenium® 51 was investigated by means of the radionuclide 152Eu, which is an analogue for trivalent actinides such as Cm(III) or Am(III), at a fixed pH and variable salt concentrations (NaCl, CaCl2). Complexation constant and loading capacity for the PCE with [152Eu]Eu were determined on the basis of the Langmuir isotherm equation as well as of the charge neutralisation model [3]. Furthermore the adsorption behaviour of [152Eu]Eu to bentonite with and without MasterGlenium51® in the presence of different background electrolytes was studied
Real-time Fourier synthesis of ensembles with timbral interpolation
No full textIn Fourier synthesis, natural musical sounds are produced by summing time-varying sinusoids. Sounds are analyzed to find the amplitude and frequency characteristics for their sinusoids; interpolation between the characteristics of several sounds is used to produce intermediate timbres. An ensemble can be synthesized by summing all the sinusoids for several sounds, but in practice it is difficult to perform such computations in real time. To solve this problem on inexpensive hardware, it is useful to take advantage of the masking effects of the auditory system. By avoiding the computations for perceptually unimportant sinusoids, and by employing other computation reduction techniques, a large ensemble may be synthesized in real time on the Platypus signal processor. Unlike existing computation reduction techniques, the techniques described in this thesis do not sacrifice independent fine control over the amplitude and frequency characteristics of each sinusoid.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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The Eltro
No full textIn the world of audio signal processing, before the digital era, there was a variety of analog samplers that could pitch-shift and time-compress audio signals on magnetic tape. In all cases, the essence of these devices depended not on one, but typically four tape heads, uniformly placed along a circular drum. By varying the speed of the tape and the rotational speed of the drum, the relative head-to-tape speed could be manipulated, in ways not previously possible, in order to achieve analog pitch-shifting and time-compression of the signal.
The idea of a rotating drum having multiple tape heads dates back to as early as the 1920s. But it wasn’t until 1954 that the ball actually started rolling, when G. Fairbanks, W. Everitt, and R. Jaeger built a working machine, with a rotating drum at its core, for pitch-shifting and time-compressing tape signals, and perhaps more importantly, formally explained its inner workings. There were others, thinking in parallel on similar devices, but it was the work of Fairbanks, Everitt and Jaeger that really stood out. Some years later, in the 1960s, along came the Eltro Information Rate Changer, perhaps the most celebrated of these largely forgotten analog samplers.
The Eltro was primarily used in the advertising industry to adjust the time duration of an audio signal whenever the accompanying film needed to run at a different rate so that a commercial could fit into the standard 30 or 60 second time slots. If, for example, a commercial film needed to run faster, and the audio signal were simply sped up by the same amount, we’d get the familiar “chipmunk” effect, where all of the signal frequencies have been shifted up by an amount corresponding to the increased tape speed.
The Eltro got around this problem by preserving the signal’s frequency information while compressing or expanding its time duration. The most famous usage of the Eltro, however, was not for time compression, but for pitch-shifting the dying voice of HAL9000 in Stanley Kubrik’s “2001: A Space Odyssey”.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, when computers were finally catching up with DSP theory, naturally, pitch-shifting and time-compression of audio, particularly speech signals, was of great interest. Foulke, in 1970, and Lee, in 1972, were the first to digitally implement the rotating head tape recorder, primarily motivated by reducing the number of bits required to convey the same amount of information, or compression, in the modern sense of the word. Sadly, along with the others of its kind, this is when the Eltro got away.
As a form of DSP archaeology, I would like to bring it back, in digital form, if for no other purpose than the pure enjoyment of hearing it once more. For my research, I will formalize the signal processing theory necessary to create an algorithm, which, in the digital domain, will faithfully emulate the Eltro Information Rate Changer. I will first find a continuous, closed-form equation that governs the positions of the four tape heads along the tape, as measured from the tape’s beginning, as a function of one independent variable, time. I will then discretize the equation, and in the process develop the algorithm necessary for a faithful emulation of the original, analog Eltro. In addition to developing a theoretical framework and efficient algorithm, I intend to implement the system physically in the form of a stand-alone, embedded DSP device.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01The student, Justin Sconza, accepted the attached license on 2018-10-15 at 14:04.The student, Justin Sconza, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-10-15 at 14:11.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-10-16 at 12:41.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13032 on 2019-02-08 at 11:38:12Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-08T18:39:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Effect of Titania Absorption into a Mold Flux on the Heat Transfer Between the Mold and the Slab in the Continuous Casting of Titanium-Stabilized Stainless Steel
No full textHans Pfitzner's conception of musical drama
No full textAls Opernkomponist und Verfasser umfangreicher opernästhetischer Schriften ist Hans Pfitzner heutzutage nahezu vergessen. Obwohl die Opernbühne in der Biographie Hans Pfitzners eindeutig das Zentrum seines Wirkens bildet, wurde der Opernkomponist in der neueren musikwissenschaftlichen Literatur, die sich nicht einseitig dem Nachweis einer politisch wie musikalisch-ästhetischen reaktionären Ideologie in seinem Denken verschrieben hat, bislang nur wenig berücksichtigt. In seinen Bühnenwerken und operntheoretischen Schriften spiegelt sich jedoch eine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit dem Wagnerschen Erbe. In seinen Schriften zur Operndichtung bezieht sich Pfitzner explizit auf Wagner, dessen Idee des Musikdramas er zum Ausgangspunkt für seine eigenen Reflexionen nimmt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung macht es sich zur Aufgabe, anhand der opernästhetischen Schriften Pfitzners eigener Konzeption des musikalischen Dramas nachzugehen. Die Untersuchung der operntheoretischen Schriften zeigt deutlich, daß der Gegensatz von Inspiration und Reflexion den Dreh- und Angelpunkt in Pfitzners Opernästhetik bildet.Today, as a composer of operas and author of voluminous writings about the aesthetics of operas, Hans Pfitzner is nearly completely fallen in oblivion. Although the opera stage formed the center of his biography and his artistic work, the recent musicological literature do not really take in consideration Hans Pfitzner as a composer and theoretician of operas. His works for musical theatre and his theoretical writings reflect Pfitzner’s analysis of the artistic heritage of Richard Wagner. The analytical study on hand explores on the basis of Pfitzner’s theoretical writings his own idea of musical drama. It shows that the opposition of inspiration and reflection is the pivotal point in Pfitzner’s aesthetics of musical drama
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