1,720,955 research outputs found
Employment Opportunities and Conditions for the African-American Legal Professoriate: Perspectives from the Inside
No full textAfrican Americans are underrepresented on the faculties of American law schools. It is estimated that while they make up 13.1% of the U.S. population, members of this group make up only 8.4% of the tenured faculty at American law schools. Even that marker is not a true measure of the nation\u27s law faculty racial diversity in what can be characterized as predominantly and/or historically white law schools (hereinafter, HWLSs). That is, American law faculty compilations by race do not ordinarily disaggregate HWLSs from others in the American law school universe; the percentage of tenured faculty who are African-American at the nation\u27s HWLSs is likely closer to 6%.
Furthermore, scholarship on the subject suggests that once appointed to a tenure-track law faculty position, the conditions of employment for African Americans at HWLSs are often problematic for them. These difficult employment conditions may be reflected in the higher attrition and lower tenure rates for African-American law faculty, as compared to white law faculty. Moreover, there has been only one African-American dean of a top-fifteen law school in the nation\u27s history, and only a handful to date in the entirety of the nation\u27s Tier I law schools. Though there have been no statistical compilations on point, other law school leadership posts also seem to largely elude African-American faculty at HWLSs
Application of the Federal Securities Acts to the Sale of a Closely Held Corporation by Stock Transfer
Get PDFThe purchase and sale of a closely held corporation is a commonly occurring transaction which may be accomplished by a transfer of stock or a transfer of assets. Structuring such a transaction as a sale of stock, however, may offer certain advantages not attainable if the transaction is structured as a sale of assets. For example, non-assignable contracts and leases, not transferable with a sale of assets, may pass to the transferee of corporate stock. The transferor generally will be absolved of all of the enterprise\u27s liabilities since, by law, they pass with the transfer. Transferors subject to compliance with Article 6 of the Uniform Commercial Code, if they sell certain assets, are not so subject if the same assets are transferred by a sale of stock. A further consideration favoring a stock transfer is the fact that a transfer of assets may involve difficult and time-consuming transactional tasks, such as the valuing of each asset and the perfecting of titles to various items of real and personal property. Transfers of titles to assets may, in turn, subject the transaction to local transfer, sales, and recording taxes. In contrast, a transfer of a business by a sale of stock may be effectuated simply by transferring the ownership of the stock certificates on the books of the corporation. A stock sale may offer, then, a less complex, less expensive means of transferring a business than does a sale of assets. Effectuating the sale of a corporation by stock transfer, however, raises concerns about the application of the federal securities laws to the transaction, because sales of securities generally are subject to the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act). In particular, under the Securities Act, sellers of securities are required to register such sales or find an exemption from the requirement of registration, if the transaction falls within the jurisdictional scope of the Act. The sale of a closely held corporation by stock transfer, however, typically can be consummated without registration. A potentially more important consequence of structuring such a transaction as a sale of stock would be the possibility of an allegation of fraud under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. A suit under either or both of these Acts would allow a plaintiff a federal forum, which may be more advantageous than the state forum which would hear an allegation of common law fraud. Further, federal securities law provisions may be more advantageous to plaintiffs since, generally speaking, they are broader in scope than common law remedies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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