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Introduction: A genealogy of medical materialities
No full textThis chapter introduces the theoretical and methodological framework of Medical Materiality. It outlines discussions of medical anthropology and material culture studies as they have engaged with objects and materials in the past, in order to situate the concept of medical materialities within the two sub-disciplinary traditions. It highlights key ways in which medical anthropology has attempted to understand places, practices, methods, and material cultures of healing and how material culture studies has understood the active role of things and objects in society. The chapter presents and expands upon a definition of ‘medical materiality’, namely the social impact of the capacity of often mundane, at times non-clinical, materials within contexts of health and illness, as caused by the properties and affordances of this material. The chapter opens up the discussion of the genre, and outlines how the investigation into medical materialities is a biosocial approach that integrates the biological, physical, ecological insights of medicine into the social analysis of health. Finally, the introduction outlines the diverse ethnographic case studies presented in this volume, and highlights the various ways each contributing author adds to the way cultures of medicine are understood and practiced
Of smoke and unguents: Health affordances of sacred materiality
Get PDFIn ancient medical practice, materia medica could be taken through various means. It could be digested orally, taken as tea, stuck in various orifices of the body, or burned. Plant resins, such as storax, frankincense and myrrh were part of a common repertoire of medicinal substances regularly employed in health regiments. Frankincense and myrrh resin is s are still regularly used in much the same way – burned as incense – however the medical implications of this practice are often lost on the contemporary lay viewer. Looking at both the historical and contemporary practice, this chapter investigates the use of incense in Orthodox Christian liturgical practice. Its widespread use in the liturgy was introduced, at least in part, as a general health policy concerning the purification of air against airborne disease. Contemporary interpretations of incense, however, tend to emphasise the health of the soul rather than the health of the body. The chapter proposes that the permeable nature of the human body allows such substances – which can easily penetrate through bodily orifices – to hold great importance for the health of both body and soul
World War I record of service survey for Carroll T. Bonney, signed 6 January 1923
No full textQuestionnaire about Carroll Taber Bonney's service in World War I, 1917-1919, signed by Bonney on 6 January 1923.Questionnaire originally part of a survey of Norwich University alumni conducted by a “Norwich in the World War” committee consisting of Charles N. Barber (chairman), Carl V. Woodbury, K.R.B. Flint, and Gustaf A. Nelson. Data from these questionnaires may have been used in a chapter of "Vermont in the world war, 1917-1919" by Harold P. Sheldon (1928). Transcription by Carina Berg. Transcriptions may be subject to error
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Introduction
Get PDFIn establishing the Journal of Material Culture in 1996, the editors opened the first issue with an editorial that made the case that material culture studies is an undisciplined field of study. In framing it in this manner, they highlighted the intellectual freedom gained by drawing from multiple disciplinary insights and methodological approaches. In the 1990s, the research group was expanded, incorporating more of an archaeological influence from Cambridge, with the addition of Chris Tilley and Victor Buchli – both students of Ian Hodder. Within the anthropological attention to material culture, there has always been the critical issue of temporality as it is inscribed in the object. As Pinney reminds people, the Durkheimian tradition approaches objects as a historical record of society. Despite the many moves beyond representation, aesthetics, language, and semiotics, this chapter highlights a need to maintain these analytical registers in exploring material cultural phenomena
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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