1,721,046 research outputs found
Científicos secuencian el genoma del tomate
Get PDFUn consorcio internacional, en el que participa el INTA y otras instituciones nacionales, logró identificar el código genético de este cultivo. El hallazgo permitirá implementar estrategias de mejoramiento para optimizar su sabor, nutrición y calidad.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Carrari, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina
ASR1 transcription factor and its role in metabolism
Get PDFAsr1 (ABA, stress, ripening) is a plant gene widely distributed in many species which was discovered by differential induction levels in tomato plants subjected to drought stress conditions. ASR1 also regulates the expression of a hexose transporter in grape and is involved in sugar and amino acid accumulation in some species like maize and potato. The control that ASR1 exerts on hexose transport is interesting from a biotechnological perspective because both sugar partitioning and content in specific organs affect the yield and the quality of many agronomically important crops. ASR1 affect plant metabolism by its dual activity as a transcription factor and as a chaperone-like protein. In this paper, we review possible mechanisms by which ASR1 affects metabolism, the differences observed among tissues and species, and the possible physiological implications of its role in metabolism.Fil: Dominguez, Pia Guadalupe. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Carrari, Fernando Oscar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Lipoxygenase Activation in Peanut Seed Cultivars Resistant and Susceptible to Aspergillus parasiticus Colonization
Get PDFAccumulative evidence indicates that the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway plays a significant role in the Aspergillus–seed interaction, such as interfering with activities of endogenous fungal oxylipins or producing antimicrobial compounds and signaling molecules. In this study, we characterized the LOX pathway in peanut seed during Aspergillus parasiticus colonization in a model of two cultivars distinguished as resistant (‘PI337394’) and susceptible (‘Florman INTA’) to Aspergillus spp. infection and aflatoxin contamination. The LOX activity together with the content of LOX substrate and LOX products demonstrated the presence of a differential response mechanism to A. parasiticus infection between cultivars. Our findings suggest that this mechanism is under transcriptional control of previously identified (LOX 2 and LOX 3) and novel (LOX 4 and LOX 5) LOX genes. The results of this study support the role of these enzymes in defense during fungus infection in peanut seed.Fil: Muller, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Amé, María Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Carrari, Fernando Oscar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Gieco, Jorge. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Asis, Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentin
Crop yield: challenges from a metabolic perspective
Get PDFConsidering the dual use of plants, as bio-factories for foods and feedstock for bio-refining, along with a rising world population, the plant biotechnology field is currently facing a dramatic challenge to develop crops with higher yield. Furthermore, convergent studies predict that global changes in climate will influence crop productivity by modifying most yield-associated traits. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of plant metabolism directly or indirectly impacting on yield and provide an update of the different pathways proposed as targets for metabolic engineering aiming to optimize source–sink relationships.Fil: Rossi, Magdalena. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Bermudez Salazar, Luisa Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Carrari, Fernando Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentin
Assessment and characterization of tomato lipophilic electrophiles and their potential contribution to nutraceutical properties via SKN-1/Nrf2 signaling activation
No full textPhytochemical electrophiles are drawing significant attention due to their properties to modulate signaling pathways related to cellular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to develop new tools to examine the electrophilic activity in food and predict their beneficial effects on health. We developed a spectrophotometric assay based on the nitrobenzenethiol (NBT) reactivity, as a thiol-reactive nucleophile, to screen electrophiles in tomato fruits. The method is robust, simple, inexpensive, and could be applied to other types of food. We quantified the electrophile activity in a tomato collection and associated this activity with the pigment composition. Thus, we identified lycopene, β- and γ-carotenes, 16 by-products of carotenoid oxidation and 18 unknown compounds as NBT-reactive by HPLC-MS/MS. The potential benefits of NBT-reactive compounds on health were evaluated in the in vivo model of C. elegans where they activated the SKN-1/Nrf2 pathway, evidencing the ability of electrophilic compounds to induce a biological response.EEA La ConsultaFil: Carranza, Andrea del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina.Fil: Carranza, Andrea del Valle. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Bonacci, Gustavo Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Bonacci, Gustavo Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Moran, Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Moran, Yanina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Asprelli, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; ArgentinaFil: Carrari, Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Carrari, Fernando. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina.Fil: Asis, Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Asis, Ramón. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentin
The cytosolic invertase NI6 affects vegetative growth, flowering, fruit set, and yield in tomato
Get PDFFil: Coluccio Leskow, Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto De Investigación Biotecnología (IB). Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Coluccio Leskow, Carla. CONICET - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto De Investigación Biotecnología (IB). Hurlingham, Argentina.Fil: Conte, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto De Investigación Biotecnología (IB). Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Conte, Mariana. CONICET - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto De Investigación Biotecnología (IB). Hurlingham, Argentina.Fil: Del Pozo, Talia. Universidad Mayor. Escuela de Agronomía. Centro Tecnológico de Recursos Vegetales. Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.Fil: Bermúdez, Luisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto De Investigación Biotecnología (IB). Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Bermúdez, Luisa. CONICET - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto De Investigación Biotecnología (IB). Hurlingham, Argentina.Fil: Bermúdez, Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos. Cátedra de Genética. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Silvestre Lira, Bruno. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Botânica. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Fil: Gramegna, Giovanna. Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica. Instituto de Biociências. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Fil: Baroli, Irene. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada (IBBEA). Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Baroli, Irene. CONICET - Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada (IBBEA). Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Carrari, Fernando. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos. Cátedra de Genética. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Carrari, Fernando. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE, CONICET-UBA). Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Carrari, Fernando. CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE, CONICET-UBA). Buenos Aires, Argentina.Sucrose metabolism is important for most plants, both as the main source of carbon and via signaling mechanisms that have been proposed for this molecule. A cleaving enzyme, invertase (INV) channels sucrose into sink metabolism. Although acid soluble and insoluble invertases have been largely investigated, studies on the role of neutral invertases (A/N-INV) have lagged behind. Here, we identified a tomato A/N-INV encoding gene (NI6) co-localizing with a previously reported quantitative trait locus (QTL) largely affecting primary carbon metabolism in tomato. Of the eight A/N-INV genes identified in the tomato genome, NI6 mRNA is present in all organs, but its expression was higher in sink tissues (mainly roots and fruits). A NI6-GFP fusion protein localized to the cytosol of mesophyll cells. Tomato NI6- silenced plants showed impaired growth phenotype, delayed flowering and a dramatic reduction in fruit set. Global gene expression and metabolite profile analyses of these plants revealed that NI6 is not only essential for sugar metabolism, but also plays a signaling role in stress adaptation. We also identified major hubs, whose expression patterns were greatly affected by NI6 silencing; these hubs were within the signaling cascade that coordinates carbohydrate metabolism with growth and development in tomato.grafs., tbls., fot
Biomass accumulation and fruit quality: the role of invertases in characters of biotechnological interest
Get PDFLas invertasas son β-D-fructofuranosidasas (EC 3.2.1.26) que hidrolizan la sacarosa irreversiblemente a glucosa y fructosa. Hasta la fecha, se han identificado diferentes isoformas de invertasas que se clasificaron según su localización sub-celular en: a) solubles, las cuales se encuentran en citosol o vacuola, o b) insolubles, las cuales están unidas a componentes de la pared celular. En el marco de esta tesis doctoral se analizó el papel de dos enzimas invertasas, una vacuolar (At1g12240-Inv-vac) y una citosólica (Solyc04g081440-Slalk/ne-INV) en la acumulación de biomasa y distribución y composición del carbono en plantas superiores utilizando como modelo Arabidopsis thaliana y Solanum lycopersicum, respectivamente. A través de mapeo de QTLs se demostró que una invertasa vacuolar (Inv-vac) juega un rol determinante en el largo radicular en Arabidopsis. El objetivo del presente trabajo en entender el mecanismo fundamental de este QTL a través del análisis de las diferencias estructurales y funcionales de Inv-vac en dos genotipos parentales (Ler y CVI) y dos líneas introgresadas (N-14 y N-15) portando segmentos genómicos individuales de CVI, conteniendo al locus At1g12240, en el fondo genético de Ler. Se analizó la abundancia relativa de los transcriptos por qRT-PCR la cual mostro patrones de expresión similares entre ambos ecotipos. Sin embargo, el análisis de secuencia de ADN revelo varios polimorfismos que provocan cambios en la secuencia de la proteína correspondiente entre ellos. A su vez, ensayos de actividad en extractos de proteínas totales mostraron mayor actividad invertasa en los genotipos conteniendo el alelo de CVI mientras que los ensayos cinéticos utilizando proteínas recombinantes purificadas revelaron Km similares para ambos alelos y una Vmax ligeramente mayor para el alelo Ler. Tratamientos de extractos de plántulas con agitación y temperatura para minimizar la actividad de posibles inhibidores de invertasa provocaron un aumento importante en la actividad de Ler sin modificar la actividad de los genotipos conteniendo el alelo CVI. Análisis de qRT-PCR de dos inhibidores de invertasa vacuolar en plántulas de los 4 genotipos revelo patrones de expresión diferencial entre ellos. En conjunto, los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el QTL de invertasa vacuolar afecta la acumulación de biomasa radicular y la partición de carbono a través de una regulación diferencial de los inhibidores a nivel ARNm. Para el caso de Solanum lycopersicum, se obtuvieron plantas transgénicas silenciadas por ARNi para el gen que codifica para una invertasa alcalina neutra (Slalk/ne-INV) y se realizó una fenotipificación de las plantas que mostraron diferencias contrastantes con respecto al wild type, mayormente en la aparición de flores y seteo de frutos. A su vez, a través del análisis de acumulación de mensajero por qRT-PCR se observó un aumento de los niveles de expresión de LIN4 durante el desarrollo de los frutos que da cuenta de la importancia de esta enzima en los órganos destino. Los niveles de los principales carbohidratos solubles se midieron a lo largo de un periodo diurno en hojas fuente y la actividad de enzimas centrales del metabolismo de carbono fueron medidas en hojas y frutos rojos de las líneas transgénicas. Por otra parte, se obtuvieron perfiles metabólicos de hojas y frutos de las plantas transgénicas aplicando GC-MS y se realizaron experimentos de acumulación de ARNm por secuenciación masiva (RNAseq). El análisis conjunto de los datos de RNAseq y metabolómica muestran que el silenciamiento de la enzima Slalk/ne-INV genera un aumento de la expresión de genes involucrados principalmente en respuesta a estrés, defensa y muerte celular programada apoyando la idea de un papel principal de esta enzima sobre el metabolismo global de la planta, el crecimiento y la reproducción vinculando la adaptación al estrés, con los azucares y las señales del desarrollo.Invertases are β-D-fructofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.26) which hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose irreversibly. To date, different isoforms of invertase have been identified that were classified according to their subcellular localization: a) soluble, which are in cytosol or vacuole, or b) insoluble, which are attached to components of the cell wall. As part of this thesis we analyzed the role of two invertases, a vacuolar (At1g12240-Inv-vac) and a cytosolic (Solyc04g081440-Slalk/ne-INV) in biomass accumulation and distribution and composition of carbon in higher plants using as models Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum, respectively. By Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping it has been demonstrated that a vacuolar invertase (vac-Inv) plays a key role determining the radical length in Arabidopsis. In this model, variation in vac-Inv activity was detected in a Near Isogenic Line (NIL) population derived from a cross between two divergent accessions; Landsberg erecta (Ler) and Cape Verde Island (CVI), with the CVI allele conferring both higher Inv activity and longer radicles. The aim of the current work is to understand the mechanism(s) underlying this QTL by analyzing structural and functional differences of vac-Inv from both accessions. Relative transcript abundance analyzed by qRT-PCR showed similar expression patterns in both accessions, however, DNA sequence analyses revealed several polymorphisms that lead to changes in the corresponding protein sequence between them. Moreover, activity assays revealed higher vac-Inv activity in genotypes carrying the CVI allele than the Ler one. Analyses of purified recombinant proteins showed a similar Km for both alleles and a slightly higher Vmax for the Ler one. Treatment of plant extracts with foaming to release possible interacting invertase inhibitory protein/s (Inv-inh) led to a large increase in activity for the Ler-allele, but no changes for genotypes carrying the CVI one. qRT-PCR analyses of two vac-Inv inhibitors in seedlings from parental and NILs genotypes revealed different expression patterns between them. Taken together these results demonstrate that the vac-INV-QTL affects root biomass accumulation and also carbon partitioning through a differential regulation of the vac-Inv inhibitors at the mRNA level. In the case of Solanum lycopersicum, a RNA interference (RNAi) approach was followed to generate transgenic plants silencing the LIN4 (Slalk/ne-INV) expression and phenotypic analyses were made over the plants that showed differences in respect to the wild type line mainly in flower appearance and fruit set. At the same time, through the analyses of mRNA accumulation by qRT-PCR an increase in the expression levels of LIN4 was observed during fruit development which point to the importance of this enzyme in sink organs and during tomato fruit development. The content of the main soluble carbohydrates were measured along a diurnal period in source leaves and the activity of enzymes from central metabolism were measured in leaves and ripe fruits of transgenic lines. Moreover, metabolic profiles were obtained by GC-MS over leaves and fruits of transgenic lines and RNA accumulation experiments were performed by high throughput sequencing (RNAseq). Taken together, the RNAseq and metabolomic data show that the silenced of the Slalk/ne-INV enzyme generates an increased expression of genes involved primarily in response to stress, defense and programmed cell death supporting the idea of a major role of this enzyme on the overall plant metabolism, growth and reproduction linking adaptation to stress, with sugars and developmental signals.Fil: Coluccio Leskow, Carla. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of tomato
No full textThis chapter summarizes the main features of the tomato plastid and mitochondrial genomes in the context of the current knowledge about
“orthologue” genomes from other higher plants species in a historical
perspective. We have focused on the application of this knowledge to aid
in deciphering the functional roles of these organelles in growth and
developmental processes of the tomato plants, especially on those related
to fruit ripening. It also presents an assessment of the phylogenetic position of tomato, based on the available information of plastid and chondrome sequences from other land plants; which adds to the understanding of the evolutionary history of plants.Inst. de BiotecnologíaFil: Lichtenstein, Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Conte, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Asis, Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Carrari, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Genética; Argentin
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