1,720,983 research outputs found
Effects of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on submaximal CPET parameters in middle-aged adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk – the SphingoFIT randomised controlled trial
No full textBackground:
Despite its potential, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is underused clinically. The most assessed parameters have limitations as they depend on the patient’s motivation and ability to achieve maximal exertion. Submaximal CPET parameters offer an alternative by quantifying cardiovascular risk without requiring maximal effort, but their response to training in this population remains partially unclear.
Methods:
As part of the "SphingoFIT" trial, individuals with elevated cardiometabolic risk underwent eight weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in the intervention group or received standard training recommendations in the control group. CPET was conducted pre- and post-intervention. Changes in maximal and submaximal parameters were analysed using a linear mixed effects model adjusted for age and sex. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between changes in submaximal parameters and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak).
Results:
Both maximal and submaximal CPET parameters showed a trend towards reduced cardiovascular risk, but only oxygen uptake (VO2) at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group (0.21 (95% CI: 0.07; 0.35)). The correlations between changes in VO2 at ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) and 2 and oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) with VO2peak was higher than the VE/VCO2 slope with VO2peak.
Conclusions:
Correlations between VO2peak and various parameters suggest their potential as proxies for VO2peak, representing shared informational content. However, maximal CPET parameters remain more predictive when maximal exertion is achievable. Nonetheless, the positive trend in all submaximal parameters highlights the efficacy of HIIT in reducing cardiovascular risk, underscoring its clinical relevance
Vergleich der BIA und DEXA-Messmethode zur Bestimmung der Körperzusammensetzung bei übergewichtigen erwachsenen Personen - Die SphingoFIT Studie
No full textHintergrund: In der klinischen Praxis ist die Messung der Körperzusammensetzung bei der Prävention und Behandlung von Adipositas von zentraler Bedeutung. Obwohl die bioelektrische Impedanzanalyse (BIA) eine weit verbreitete Methode zur Messung der Körperzusammensetzung ist, bleibt ihre Genauigkeit unklar. Deshalb wurde in dieser Arbeit die Körperzusammensetzung mittels BIA und der Referenzmethode dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) gemessen und verglichen.
Methoden: Insgesamt 39 inaktive, übergewichtige Männer und Frauen im Alter zwischen 40 und 60 Jahren wurden rekrutiert. Die Teilnehmer wurden randomisiert der Kontroll- oder Interventionsgruppe zugeteilt. Die Interventionsgruppe führte ein 8-wöchiges, hochintensives Intervalltraining (HIIT) durch. Vor und nach der Intervention wurde die Körperzusammensetzung mittels BIA (InBody 720) und DEXA (Lunar iDXA) gemessen. Die beiden Messmethoden wurden mittels Pearson-Korrelation, Bland-Altman Analyse und gepaartem T-Test verglichen. Die Veränderungen nach diesen acht Wochen wurden mittels ANCOVA untersucht.
Ergebnisse: Die BIA unterschätzte gegenüber DEXA den Körperfettanteil (KFA) um -4.73% (p < .001, r = 0.97) und das Viszeralfett um -32.2cm2 (p < .01, r = 0.5). Zudem überschätzte die BIA die fettfreie Masse (FFM) um +3.5kg (p < .001, r = 0.98) sowie den Knochenmineralgehalt (BMC) um +399.4g (p < .001, r = 0.89). Nach der Intervention konnte nur DEXA signifikante Veränderungen bei der Interventionsgruppe nachweisen (KFA -1.6%, p = .015; Viszeralfett -32.1cm2, p = .036). Die BIA konnte trotz vergleichbaren Veränderungen keine signifikanten Unterschiede nachweisen.
Schlussfolgerungen: Die BIA weist bei übergewichtigen Erwachsenen deutliche Abweichungen gegenüber DEXA auf. Trotzdem eignet sich die BIA als preiswerte Alternative zu DEXA, um Veränderungen der Körperzusammensetzung nachzuweisen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The metabolic signature of cardiorespiratory fitness: a systematic review
No full textBackground: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a potent health marker, improvement of which leads to reduced incidence of non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Identifying metabolic signatures associated with CRF could reveal how CRF fosters human health and lead to the development of novel health-monitoring strategies. This study systematically reviewed reported associations between CRF and metabolites measured in human tissues and body fluids.
Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from database inception to June 3, 2021. Metabolomics studies reporting metabolites associated with CRF, measured by means of cardiopulmonary exercise test, were deemed eligible. Backward and forward citation tracking on eligible records were used to complement the results of database searching. Risk of bias at the study level was assessed using QUADOMICS
Results: Twenty-two studies were included and 667 metabolites, measured in plasma (n=619), serum (n=18), skeletal muscle (n=16), urine (n=11) or sweat (n=3), were identified. Lipids were the metabolites most commonly positively (n=174) and negatively (n=274) associated with CRF. Specific circulating glycerophospholipids (n=85) and cholesterol esters (n=17) were positively associated with CRF, while circulating glycerolipids (n=152), glycerophospholipids (n=42), acylcarnitines (n=14) and ceramides (n=12) were negatively associated with CRF. Interestingly, muscle acylcarnitines were positively correlated to CRF (n=15).
Conclusion: CRF was associated with circulating and muscle lipidome composition. Causality of the revealed associations at the molecular species level remains to be investigated further. Finally, included studies were heterogenous in terms of participants’ characteristics, analytical and statistical approaches
PROSPERO registration number: CRD4202021437
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Effects of an 8-week high-intensity interval training on body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness and retinal microcirculation in 40 to 60-year-olds
No full textIntroduction: The leading morbidity and mortality factors in today‘s age are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). As the incidence of CVD has risen ever since the end of the 20th century physical activity (PA) has a high standing as a lifestyle habit to minimize cardiovascular risk due to high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) being associated with healthy aging. Methods: In this study, 20 participants were split into two groups. The intervention group (IG) received an 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program, and the control group (CG) just PA recommendations. Effects of the training program were examined with pre- and post-intervention measurements of the body mass index (BMI) cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured by maximal oxygen uptake ( ̇VO2peak), and arteriovenular ratio (AVR) in the microcirculation in the eye. Results: Pre- to post-examinations displayed a significant BMI reduction in both groups (CG: d = -1.39, p=0.002; IG: d = -2.09, p < 0.001), with the effect size bigger in the IG. CRF improved in the IG only with a large effect size of 1.18 (p = 0.005) versus no effect in the controls (d = -0.27, p = 0.415). AVR improved insignificantly in both groups with moderate effect sizes of d= 0.53 (p = 0.125) and d = 0.68 (p = 0.059). Discussion: When comparing the IG to CG, the weight reduction was at a near similar level from controls to trained individuals. AVR did not show any differences between the groups as well. The only significant difference analyzed is the large effect on CRF for the IG easily explainable due to the physiological adaptations such as increased mitochondrial biogenesis, more efficient oxygen uptake and usage in the muscle or improved fat oxidation induced by the HIIT training. Conclusion: Health benefits associated with results from this study are restricted to an increased CRF when comparing IG to CG, however, with the observed weight loss in controls and the IG, cardiovascular risk factors should be altered to a risk reduction for CVD as well
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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