1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Ritmo e modalità dell'input vocale di madri immigrate nell'interazione con il bambino di 3 mesi: Indicatori di un processo di acculturazione
No full textIntroduzione Nell’ultimo decennio la ricerca sul processo di acculturazione nelle strategie di parenting ha mostrato che nella complessità del processo aspetti della cultura di origine e della cultura ospitante possono coesistere separatamente o anche essere sintetizzati in nuove soluzioni (Chen et al., 2008; de Haan, 2011). Evidenze empiriche sono disponibili riguardo alle etnoteorie parentali, meno ai comportamenti dei genitori immigrati. Rispetto al comportamento vocale nell’interazione con il bambino di pochi mesi, studi cross-culturali evidenziano che caratteristiche universali dell’Infant-Directed(ID)-speech si esprimono prevalentemente in modalità di protoconversazione (scambi diacronici) nelle famiglie occidentali di classe-media e in modalità protocanore (ritmate e sincrone) nelle comunità rurali tradizionali. Una sola ricerca (Gratier, 2003) ha considerato un contesto immigrazione. Questo studio si propone di esaminare il ritmo e le modalità (ID-speech vs ID-singing) dell’input vocale materno rivolto al lattante in tre contesti socioculturali: famiglie IMMigrate dall’Africa Occ.(Camerun, Ghana, Nigeria), famiglie ITaliane e famiglie NSO del Camerun. Metodo 20 diadi madre-lattante per ogni contesto culturale sono state videoregistrate in interazione spontanea a 12 settimane. Segmenti audio di 60 s di interazione sono stati sottoposti ad analisi acustica con il software PRAAT (Boersma & Weenink, 2013). Da spettrogrammi e pitch plots sono stati calcolati il ritmo vocale materno, misurato in beat units (Mdur) e tempo (beats per min), le microvariazioni (DS di beat units Mdur), le durate di ID-speech e ID-singing, e le pause intra- e inter-individuali. Risultati Le misure del ritmo vocale materno sono simili in tutti i gruppi, anche se le microvariazioni signif. maggiori per le madri NSO che per quelle IT (p =.008) e IMM (p =.018). Come atteso, le madri IT mostrano durate di ID-speech signif. più lunghe delle altre madri [F(2,57)= 40.97, p <.001, ηp2 =.59]; le madri NSO e IMM durate più lunghe di ID-singing, sebbene la differenza sia significativa solo tra madri IMM e IT [F(2,57)= 8.73, p <.001, ηp2 =.24]. Le madri IMM mostrano quindi di mantenere la modalità protocanora di interazione con il lattante tipica della cultura di origine. E’ però interessante osservare che la durata media delle occorrenze del loro ID-singing è signif. più lunga che negli altri gruppi [F(2,57) = 9.42, p <.001, ηp2 =.25] ‒simile a quella delle occorrenze di ID-speech delle madri IT‒ e frequentemente seguita da pause inter-individuli interlocutorie, che suggeriscono un adattamento della struttura protocanora alla struttura della protoconversazione. Conclusioni Questi risultati suggeriscono un attivo processo di acculturazione in cui le madri immigrate tendono a sintetizzare pattern di interazione vocale caratteristici della cultura di origine e della cultura del nuovo Paese in una soluzione creativa, qualitativamente diversa da quelle radicate nei due contesti di riferimento
Culture-specific development of early mother-infant emotional co-regulation: Italian, Cameroonian, and West African immigrant dyads
No full textStudies conducted in Western countries document the special role of mother-infant face-to-face exchanges for early emotional development including social smiling. A few cross-cultural studies have shown that the western pattern of face-to-face communication is absent in traditional rural cultures, without identifying other processes that promote emotional co-regulation. The present study compared three different samples: Western middle-class families in Italy, rural traditional Nso farmer families in Cameroon, and West African sub-Saharan immigrant families in Italy using biweekly observations of 20 mother-infant dyads from each cultural context from age 4 to 12 weeks. Longitudinal sequential analysis of maternal and infant behaviors showed that from as early as 4 weeks, in Italian dyads maternal affectionate talking is linked with infant active attention to mother in sequences of face-to-face contact; this link fosters the subsequent emergence of infant smiling/cooing, and then sequences of positive feedback between infant and maternal emotional expressions that, by the 3rd month, dynamically stabilize. In contrast, for Cameroonian/Nso dyads over the 2nd and 3rd month, maternal motor stimulation marked by rhythmic vocalizing is linked with infant active attention to surroundings. The relatively few smiling/cooing actions of Nso babies at their mothers were answered mainly with tactile stimulation that did not foster the maintenance of face-to-face visual contact. Finally, West African immigrant dyads showed a combination of both face-to-face and sensorimotor co-regulated exchanges observed in their new and native cultures. These findings suggest that emotional co-regulation in early infancy can occur via multiple, culture-specific pathways that may be substantially different from the western pattern of face-to-face communication
Thermoreversible photocyclization of a pyrazolotriazole to a triazasemibullvalene: a novel electrocyclicreaction
No full text
Rhythm and modes of maternal vocal stimulation to 3-month-old infants: A comparison across cultures and immigration experience
No full textInfant-directed (ID) registers are universally used by caregivers both when talking and singing to infants. Cross-cultural studies on vocal patterns of early mother-infant interaction have shown a main pattern of protoconversation (diachronic exchanges characterized by a considerable amount of ID-speech) in Western urban middle-class families, and a main pattern of protosongs (through which infants are geared to maternal rhythm) in traditional rural societies where relatedness is emphasized more than autonomy. However, these studies have not explored acoustic properties of maternal vocal stimulation, namely vocal rhythm and rhythmic micro-variations (‘expressive timing’), which have been indicated as fundamental aspects to sustain infant’s attention and emotional engagement, given the infants’ sensitivity to the rhythmic structure of acoustic stimuli. Still little is known about vocal rhythm in mother-infant interaction in different sociocultural contexts; to our knowledge, only two studies (Gratier, 1999, 2003) examined this in an immigration context. The present study used acoustic analysis to examine both temporal characteristics and modes (speech vs. singing) of maternal vocal stimulation during spontaneous interaction with 3-month-old infants in three sociocultural contexts: Italian middle-class families, West African (Cameroonian, Ghanaian, Nigerian) immigrant families in Italy, and Cameroonian/Nso rural families. Twenty mother-infant dyads from each cultural context were videotaped longitudinally during spontaneous interaction, from 4 to 12 weeks. For the present study, acoustic analysis was performed on audio segments of 60 s of continuous interaction with 12-week-old infants. Spectrograms and pitch plots were obtained for each segment using the software PRAAT, and maternal vocal rhythm measured in ‘beat units’ (Mdur) and ‘tempo’ (beats per min), ‘expressive timing’ (SD of beat units Mdur), durations of ID-speech and ID-singing, and within- and between-speaker pauses were assessed. Results reveal similarities across groups for both measures of maternal vocal rhythm, but wider ‘expressive timing’ for Nso mothers than for Italian and immigrant mothers. As expected, Italian mothers showed significantly longer durations of ID-speech than Nso and immigrant mothers. By contrast, both the latter showed longer durations of ID-singing than the former, although the difference was significant only between immigrant and Italian mothers. Indeed, immigrant mothers used playsongs much more than mothers in the other groups, showing to maintain the protosong mode of interacting with infants typical of their original culture. Interestingly, however, the occurrence duration of ID-singing in the immigrant group was significantly longer than in the other groups -similar to that of ID-speech used by Italian mothers- and frequently followed by between-speakers pauses, suggesting an adaptation of protosongs to the structure of protoconversations. Finally, Nso mothers showed significantly longer durations of silent time (within- and between-speaker pauses) than Italian and immigrant mothers. Overall, these findings indicate that mothers from different cultural contexts share similar rhythmic structures of vocal stimulation, supporting the hypothesis that ID-vocal rhythm is biologically rooted. By contrast, the modes of vocal stimulation (ID-speech, ID-singing, and pauses) appear to be clearly culturally specific. Finally, findings concerning immigrant mothers uncover an active acculturation process showing how these mothers synthesize vocal patterns from two different sociocultural backgrounds into a creative blend
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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