132,116 research outputs found
The electrochemistry of the leaching reactions in the Caron process II. Cathodic processes
No full textThe cathodic reactions which are involved in the dissolution of iron alloys in solutions typically used in the Caron Process have been investigated by electrochemical methods. The results have confirmed that cobalt(III) ammine complexes are the main oxidising agents but also highlight the important role of thiosulfate. A solid product is deposited on platinum as well as iron electrodes below -0.75 V/SCE and oxidised at more positive potentials. The product is either Ni or Co metal in the absence of thiosulfate or a metal sulfide when thiosulfate is present. The rate of reactions in the presence of thiosulfate is significantly greater than its absence. The probable chemical reactions taking place during leaching in the Caron Process have been revised on the basis of these observations
An electrochemical investigation of the formation of CoSx and its effect on the anodic dissolution of iron in ammoniacal-carbonate solutions
No full textIt has been found that the co-presence of cobalt (II) and thiosulphate ions in ammoniacal-carbonate solutions promotes the passivation of iron, under conditions in which it would otherwise continue to dissolve anodically. Electrochemical experiments have shown a relationship between the immersion time required for passivation and the formation of a solid species on the iron surface, which is thought to be implicated in the mechanism of passivation, whilst not being itself the protective species. Based on a combination of electrochemical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) characterisation techniques, the said species has been identified as CoSx, resulting from the interaction of cobalt (II) and thiosulphate ions. It is thought to form as a product of the cathodic reactions taking place on the iron surface during its active dissolution.
These findings are particularly relevant to the Caron process, in which the ammoniacal-carbonate solutions containing dissolved cobalt and thiosulphate ions are used to leach nickel and cobalt from pre-reduced laterite ores rich in metallic iron. Both the loss of cobalt into the CoSx layer and the passivation of iron and of its alloys with nickel and cobalt, are potential contributing factors to the low cobalt and nickel recoveries, which are typical of the Caron process. This study provides a better understanding of the conditions under which the CoSx layer forms and promotes the passivation of iron, and may therefore provide useful information to help minimise the effect this may have on the extraction efficiency of the process. In particular, at the cobalt and thiosulphate ion concentrations usually encountered at a Caron plant, the passivation of iron was found to be prevented by maintaining a high enough concentration of ammonia
Myllaena brasiliensis Caron & Klimaszewski 2008
No full textMyllaena brasiliensis Caron & Klimaszewski, 2008 Holotype “ Brazil - Rio Grande do Sul / Rio Grande / Praia do Cassino / 20 /I/ 1993 / N. M. Gianuca, col.” “ 3 ”, printed on white label. “ HOLOTYPE / Myllaena brasiliensis / Caron & Klimaszewski, 2008 ”, printed on red label. “ DZUP / 131053 ”, printed on white label. Remarks: abdomen and genitalia preserved in glycerin. Paratypes (2) “ Brazil - Rio Grande do Sul / Rio Grande / Praia do Cassino / 20 /I/ 1993 / N. M. Gianuca, col.”, printed on white label. “ PARATYPE / Myllaena brasiliensis / Caron & Klimaszewski, 2008 ”, printed on yellow label. “ DZUP / 131054, 131055 ”, printed on white label. Paratype (1) “ Brazil - Rio Grande do Sul / Rio Grande / Praia do Cassino / 27 /I/ 1993 / N. M. Gianuca, col.”, printed on white label. “ PARATYPE / Myllaena brasiliensis / Caron & Klimaszewski, 2008 ”, printed on yellow label. “ DZUP / 131056 ”, printed on white label. Paratypes (3) “ Brazil - Rio Grande do Sul / Rio Grande / Praia do Cassino / 27 /I/ 1993 / N. M. Gianuca, col.”, printed on white label. “ PARATYPE / Myllaena brasiliensis / Caron & Klimaszewski, 2008 ”, printed on yellow label. “ 3 ” “ DZUP / 131057, 131058 ” “Ƥ” “ DZUP / 131059 ”, printed on white label. Remarks: specimens preserved in glycerin. Paratypes (3) “ Brazil - Rio Grande do Sul / Rio Grande / Praia do Cassino / 10 /II/ 1993 / N. M. Gianuca, col.”, printed on white label. “ PARATYPE / Myllaena brasiliensis / Caron & Klimaszewski, 2008 ”, printed on yellow label. “ 3 ” “ DZUP / 131060 ” “Ƥ” “ DZUP / 131061, 131062 ”, printed on white label. Remarks: specimens preserved in glycerin.Published as part of Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S., Almeida, Lúcia M., Caron, Edilson, Corrêa, Geovan H., Linzmeier, Adelita M. & Dos, Paula B., 2010, Catalog of the types of some families of Coleoptera (Insecta) deposited at Coleção de Entomologia Pe. J. S. Moure, Curitiba, Brazil, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2535 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19660
Diglotta brasiliensis Caron & Ribeiro-Costa 2008
No full textDiglotta brasiliensis Caron & Ribeiro-Costa, 2008 Holotype “ Brasil - Paraná / Guaraqueçaba / Pasto / - 25,4153; - 48,4221 /0 m / 22 /VIII/ 2005 / C. A. Melo col.” “ 3 ”, printed on white label. “ HOLOTYPE / Diglotta brasiliensis / Caron & Ribeiro-Costa, 2008 ”, printed on red label. “ DZUP / 131046 ”, printed on white label. Paratypes (2) “ Brasil - Paraná / Guaraqueçaba / Pasto / - 25,4153; - 48,4221 /0 m / 22 /VIII/ 2005 / C. A. Melo col.”, printed on white label. “ PARATYPE / Diglotta brasiliensis / Caron & Ribeiro-Costa, 2008 ”, printed on yellow label. “ 3 ” “ DZUP / 131047 ” “Ƥ” “ DZUP / 131048 ”, printed on white label. Remarks: specimens preserved in glycerin. Paratypes (2) “ Brasil - Paraná / Guaraqueçaba / Cruz / - 25,4279; - 48,4189 /0 m / 22 /VIII/ 2005 / D. Lepka col.” “Ƥ”, printed on white label. “ PARATYPE / Diglotta brasiliensis / Caron & Ribeiro-Costa, 2008 ”, printed on yellow label. “ DZUP / 131049, 131050 ”, printed on white label. Paratypes (2) “ Brasil - Paraná / Guaraqueçaba / Cruz / - 25,4279; - 48,4189 /0 m / 29 /III/ 2005 / C. A. Melo col.”, printed on white label. “ PARATYPE / Diglotta brasiliensis / Caron & Ribeiro-Costa, 2008 ”, printed on yellow label. “ 3 ” “ DZUP / 131051 ” “Ƥ” “ DZUP / 131052 ”, printed on white label.Published as part of Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S., Almeida, Lúcia M., Caron, Edilson, Corrêa, Geovan H., Linzmeier, Adelita M. & Dos, Paula B., 2010, Catalog of the types of some families of Coleoptera (Insecta) deposited at Coleção de Entomologia Pe. J. S. Moure, Curitiba, Brazil, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2535 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19660
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Bledius hyalinus Bortoluzzi & Caron 2019, new species
No full textBledius hyalinus Bortoluzzi & Caron, new species (Figs. 1–12) Type Material: Holotype, deposited in DZUP: dissected, male (Fig. 1, 2), with labels: 1) “ BRASIL: Paraná, Pontal / do Paraná, Atami, / 05.iv.2017, E. Caron (col.)”; 2) “ HOLOTYPE / Bledius hyalinus / Bortoluzzi & Caron”. Paratypes, deposited in DZUP: 2 females, with the same locality label of the holotype. Additional material: 2 specimens, deposited in DZUP, from the same type locality but collected in VII. 2017; sex undetermined. Diagnosis: Bledius hyalinus sp. nov., B. actitus and B. playanus have short wings, but B. hyalinus sp. nov. can be distinguished from those species by dark brown body color and translucent elytra; and is lacking projected horn in the supraantennal ridge. B. actitus is brownish black to reddish brown with elytra dark reddish brown in threefifths of its length, while B. playanus is dark reddish brown with elytra pale brownish yellow, both with supraantennal ridge. Description: Body length: 1.8 mm. Body convex; dorsal surface glossy. Body color dark brown; appendages and meso-metathorax dorsally yellowish. Elytra translucent. Head: Supraantennal areas well-developed as shelf-like elevation, not anteriorly directed horn (Fig. 3). Frontoclypeal suture present, with anterior margin truncate (Fig. 3); dorsal surface with two long setae. Eyes prominent; ommatidia facets round and strongly convex (Fig. 3, 5). Antennae, scape longest; antennomere 2 long, about the length of antennomeres 3–5 combined; gradually enlarged toward apex. Labrum with anterior margin sinuous (Fig. 5), without median incision. Epipharynx well-developed (Fig. 5), with on long seta. Mandibles long and bidentate (Fig. 5). Maxillary palpus 4-segmented; segment 3 longest and thickest (Fig. 6). Galea with a few fanlike rows of setae on apex (Fig. 6). Lacinia with few and reduced setae. Labium with long and thin median sclerite (Fig 6); labial palps with second segment shortest; first segment thickest. Mentum large, transverse and trapezoidal (Fig. 6). Gular sutures fused (Fig. 6). Thorax: Pronotum as long as wide (Fig. 1); shape somewhat pentagonal, gradually narrowing toward the base; with complete internal mid-longitudinal ridge and conspicuous longitudinal median sulcus. Procoxae large and contiguous; protrochantin exposed; procoxal fissure open. Elytra short (Fig. 1); posterior margin truncate, emarginate at elytral suture. Meso and metathoracic underdeveloped (Fig. 1). Shortwinged (Fig. 1). Mesocoxae broad and contiguous. Mesosternum long and thin, reaching at least half-length of mesocoxae. Metasternum not prominent. Tarsal formula 3–3–3. Abdomen: not parallel-sided, widening posterad to abdominal segments V–VII (Fig. 7–9). Abdominal segments III to VII each with two pairs of paratergites. Abdominal terga II–VII with subbasal transversal carina. Tergum VIII with posterior margin truncate (Fig. 7); sternum VIII with posterior margin projected at the middle (Fig. 8, 9); tergum IX with glandular canal closed dorsally and broadly separated by tergum X (Fig. 10); tergum X shape trapezoidal (Fig. 10). Male: Aedeagus (Fig. 12) without parameres. Median lobe tubular, larger basally than apically and sclerotized on dorsal and ventral surfaces. Female: Spermatheca bipartite (Fig. 11); receptacle pot-shaped and heavily sclerotized; spermathecal gland sclerotized, irregularly spherical. Geographical records: Brazil (Paraná). Etymology: the specific name “ hyalinus ” is a Latin adjective derivate from Greek (hyalos) that means “of glass or transparent”, an allusion to hyaline elytra, which is possible to see the dorsal plates of pterothorax. Taxonomical notes: in the forcipatus species group only B. actitus and B. playanus have short wings, and they are known only from the USA. Bledius hyalinus differs from the United States species by the absence of anteriorly directed horn in the supraantennal ridge. According to the key of United States species of Microbledius (= forcipatus group) of Herman (1972), the most diagnostic features that separete the species are the shape of a horn, eyes size, intraocular width and body color. Thus, we recognized the species as new considering these features, the geographical distribution. The species, which occur in southern South America are: Bledius albidus. B. albipennis, B. miles, B. minutissimus and B. weiseri, all distributed in Argentina [see fig. 389 in Herman 1986], but none of them were recorded in coastal areas. The unique species recorded from Brazil is B. albidus, which occurs in northern region of Brazil (Amazonas). Biological Notes: B. hyalinus was collected in March and July of 2017 during field work at the Atlantic beach "Atami", Pontal do Paraná city, state of Paraná; in the ranges 25°36'07.73"S 48°23'20.20"W to 25°35'46.84"S 48°22'43.81"W. It was found in association of Bledius fernandezi (52 adults and 47 larvae), B. bonariensis (1 adult) and Efflagitatus freudei Pacheco, 1973 (Heteroceridae) (6 adults and 12 larvae). In the field, many specimens of B. fernandezi occurrred in dry sand near shrubby area, while E. freudei occurred in wet sand near streams. However, we do not know if B. hyalinus occurr in dry or wet sand. Remarks: Bledius species of forcipatus group are restricted to New World with distribution range from central and western parts of North America south to central Argentina. According to Herman (1986), the species of the group are found in freshwater and saline habits, and may be found in most of the coastal and arid parts of Central and South America. However, with respect to the distribution map of forcipatus group in Central and South America (Fig. 389, p. 211), there are no records of occurrence of the members of the forcipatus group on Brazilian coast. Most of the records in South America are from inland areas. Thus, the distributional record for Bledius hyalinus represents the first occurrence of the forcipatus group on the coast of Brazil.Published as part of Bortoluzzi, Sidnei & Caron, Edilson, 2019, Bledius hyalinus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae), of the forcipatus group, first recorded from coastal Brazil, pp. 391-395 in Zootaxa 4559 (2) on pages 392-395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/262694
Hypotelus brevitarsus Bortoluzzi & Caron, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Hypotelus brevitarsus</i> Bortoluzzi & Caron sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 15, 39, 58, 69, 70, 80, 98, 99, 114)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype deposited in FMNH, male (photo, Fig. 15), with labels: (1) “ PANAMA: Chiriqui Prov. “ Barca ” area, Finca / Lerida nr. Boquete./III:12:1959 5650 ft.” [white label, printed in black; day and elevation handwritten]; (2) “under slab on/pile of cut chips/and bark” [white label, printed in black]; (3) “leg./ H. S. Dybas ” [white label, printed in black]; (4) “ HOLOTYPE / Hypotelus brevitarsus / Bortoluzzi & Caron ” [red label, printed in black].</p> <p>Paratypes: 11 specimens, deposited in FMNH. 1 male, dissected, whole specimen fixed on acetate plastic card covered with Canada balsam, with the same three first labels of holotype: (4) “ PARATYPE / Hypotelus brevitarsus / Bortoluzzi & Caron ” [yellow label, printed in black]. 1female, dissected, terminalia fixed on acetate plastic card covered with Canada balsam, with same three first labels of holotype: (4) “ PARATYPE / Hypotelus brevitarsus / Bortoluzzi & Caron ” [yellow label, printed in black]. 1 female, dissected, terminalia fixed on acetate plastic card covered with Canada balsam, with same three first labels of holotype, except for the date: “III:14:1959.”: (4) “ PARATYPE / Hypotelus brevitarsus / Bortoluzzi & Caron ” [yellow label, printed in black]. 7 specimens, sex undetermined, with same three first labels of holotype: (4) “PARATYPE/ Hypotelus brevitarsus /Bortoluzzi & Caron” [yellow label, printed in black]; one specimen of them with additional label: (4) “ Hypotelus /det. Newton 1994” [white label, first line, handwritten; second line, printed in black]; (5) “PARATYPE/ Hypotelus brevitarsus / Bortoluzzi & Caron” [yellow label, printed in black]. 1 specimen, sex undetermined, with same three first labels of holotype, except for the date: “III:14:1959.”: (4) “PARATYPE/ Hypotelus brevitarsus /Bortoluzzi & Caron” [yellow label, printed in black].</p> <p> <b>Additional material.</b> See Appendix 2.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Hypotelus brevitarsus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is similar to <i>H. pusillus</i> and differs by the antennal scape of male without prominent tooth on inner face; the antennae shorter, not reaching half-length of elytra; and tergite 10 with lateral sides at posterior margin emarginated in both sexes (Figs. 58, 98), besides the genital structures (see below). <i>H. brevitarsus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> may be distinguished from other species of <i>Hypotelus</i> by the metatarsomeres 5 somewhat shorter and transverse (Fig. 39), although in some specimens this is not so prominent.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> BL: 2.2–2.9 mm, BW: 0.6–0.8 mm. Body slightly convex; dorsal surface glossy; brown (elytra yellow); appendages lighter, except mandibles. Dorsal integument of head and pronotum with dispersed fine punctures and undulate microstriae only on margins; elytra with dispersed fine punctures and only one longitudinal finely punctate stria close to elytral suture.</p> <p> <i>Male. Head</i>. Supra-antennal area slightly prominent. Antennae reaching humeral angle; antennomeres 5, 7, 9 and 11 with longest setae on inner face; antennomeres 2 and 3 of equal length, 5–11 gradually increasing in length toward antennal apex. Mandibles symmetrical. Mentum 1.6 times as wide as long.</p> <p> <i>Thorax.</i> Pronotum wider than long (PW/PL=1.3); anterior angles rounded and slightly prominent; apical half with somewhat parallel sides and basal half gradually narrowing toward the base; with complete internal midlongitudinal ridge and slight longitudinal median sulcus only on basal half. Elytra somewhat longer than wide (EL/ BW=1.1), covering partially or not abdominal tergite 3. Metatarsomeres 5 somewhat shorter and transverse (Fig. 39).</p> <p> <i>Abdomen.</i> Tergite 8 with posterior margin rounded; sternite 8 with posterior margin rounded; tergite 9 with short ventral struts; sternite 9 with posterior margin truncate and with two pairs of long setae; tergite 10 with posterior and lateral margins weakly pigmented, with short fringes and four setae on each side (Fig. 58). Median lobe of aedeagus with bulbous base in ventral view and curved shape in lateral view (Figs. 69–70).</p> <p> <i>Female.</i> Similar to male except for: without very long setae on antennomeres 5, 7, 9 and 11; abdominal sternite 8 with posterior margin somewhat truncate and posterio-laterally slightly emarginated, with short setae (Fig. 80); tergite 9 without ventral struts; bursa copulatrix as <i>H. pusillus</i>; ovipositor consisting of a pair of weakly pigmented hemisternites and a pair of more apical coxites, and with many long setae on apex; spermatheca as Fig. 99.</p> <p> <b>Geographical records.</b> Panama (Chiriqui) (Fig. 114).</p> <p> <b>Biological notes.</b> This species was collected at elevations between 4750 ft (1447 m) and 6900 ft (2013 m), under a slab on a pile of cut chips and bark, in a split sapling, in scraping, in torn fibers of a wounded tree and under bark of a log on the ground.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Some specimens may have the metatarsomeres a little less transverse. The longest setae on inner face of antennomeres 5, 7, 9 and 11 are sometimes not so visible.</p> <p>In the material examined, there are five specimens collected from 4750ft (1447 m), which do not have the metatarsomeres 5 shorter and transverse, and we are unable to segregate these 5 specimens into more than one species. The feature metatarsomere 5 shorter and transverse is only visible on the specimens collected above 5000ft (1524 m).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name refers to the shape of the metatarsus and is a compound name: Latin adjective <i>brev</i> - (short), the connective vowel <i>i</i>, and the Greek noun latinized to <i>tarsus</i> (foot). It is a noun in apposition.</p>Published as part of <i>Bortoluzzi, Sidnei, Caron, Edilson & Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S., 2017, Revision and phylogeny of Hypotelus Erichson: a Neotropical genus of minute rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Piestinae), pp. 451-487 in Zootaxa 4273 (4)</i> on pages 462-463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4273.4.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/803644">http://zenodo.org/record/803644</a>
First record of Bledius caribbeanus Blackwelder, 1943 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae) from Brazil and distributional extension of B. hermani Caron and Ribeiro- Costa, 2007
No full textTwo species of Bledius Leach, 1819 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Oxytelinae) are recorded for northeastern Brazilian coast. The occurrence of B. caribbeanus Blackwelder, 1943 is reported for the first time in Brazil and the geographical distribution of B. hermani Caron and Ribeiro-Costa, 2007 is extended
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