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Rainwater harvesting: tools for sustainable water management at building and urban scales
No full textL'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen
Rainfall temporal variability and rainwater harvesting efficiency: an analysis over the Italian territory.
Full text linkLa raccolta d’acqua piovana per usi interni è una delle pratiche percorribili per una gestione sostenibile dell'acqua a scala urbana.
La realizzazione di un sistema di raccolta d'acqua piovana dipende strettamente dai costi e dallo spazio richiesto, per cui è necessaria una progettazione accurata, soprattutto in fase di dimensionamento del serbatoio.
Il volume del serbatoio è un elemento importante del sistema, che ha impatti importanti non solo riguardo questioni ambientali come il volume d'acqua potabile risparmiato e la riduzione dei volumi d’acqua piovana inviati alla rete fognaria, ma anche riguardo i costi e la realizzazione pratica del sistema di raccolta.
Tuttavia, mentre il mondo professionale cerca soluzioni facili da applicare (ad esempio metodi di dimensionamento semplificati), da un punto di vista scientifico molti aspetti devono ancora essere implementati. Tra questi aspetti, il presente abstract tratta del ruolo che ha la variabilità temporale delle precipitazioni riguardo il dimensionamento dei serbatoi. La variabilità temporale delle precipitazioni viene misurata tramite il coefficiente di variazione dell'altezza di pioggia, a scala giornaliera. Il metodo di analisi è stato applicato all'intero territorio italiano, utilizzando i dati di precipitazioni osservati contenuti nel database nazionale Scia-Ispra
Water savings and urban storm water management: Evaluation of the potentiality of rainwater harvesting systems from the building to the city scale
Full text linkThe main potential benefits of rainwater harvesting, namely water saving and storm water management, are easily evaluable at a building scale when well-known behavioral models are used. However, the evaluation is often more complex at an urban scale, due to a lack of building characteristics and demographic data. In the present paper, we propose a method, which is based on the representative building concept that can be used to quantify the potential benefits of rainwater harvesting at different scales, that is, from the building scale to the district and city scales. Particular attention has been paid to the sizing of the system so that it can be used for different rainwater collection purposes. The method has been applied to the city of Turin (Italy) considering different scenarios: 1) domestic use (e.g., toilet flushing and the washing machine), where buildings are independent of each other, and 2) two public uses (the irrigation of public green areas and street washing), for which we have hypothesized that the rainwater collection takes place at a district scale. The non-potable water saving for domestic use varies across the city from 29% to 62%, according to the characteristics of the buildings, while the reduction of the flow peak conveyed to the sewerage system, during extreme storms, is quite constant (in the 57–67% range). Irrigation and street washing require a lower amount of water, thus about 80% of water can be saved, but the retention efficiency is low, and a slight reduction in the flow peaks can be expected. The aim of the methodology presented in this work is to provide a suitable decision-making tool for policy makers and urban planners to evaluate the capability and efficiency of rainwater harvesting systems for buildings, districts, and cities
Irrigazione di aree verdi private con acqua piovana: criteri di progettazione a confronto
Full text linkL'auspicata riduzione dei consumi idrici, nell'ambito dell'irrigazione di giardini e orti domestici, può realizzarsi mediante la raccolta e l'uso di acqua piovana. In questa memoria, applicando tre diversi criteri di dimensionamento del sistema di raccolta dell'acqua piovana, vengono analizzati, da un lato, l'efficienza di tale pratica e, dall'altro, la sua fattibilità economica
Rainwater harvesting potential: the Turin case for an analysis at the urban scale
Full text linkNell'ambito della gestione sostenibile del ciclo dell'acqua a scala urbana, la raccolta d'acqua piovana è una pratica che può essere adottata sia per ridurre il consumo di acqua potabile, sia per ridurre il volume e la portata di acqua meteorica inviata alla fognatura, prevenendo quindi possibili allagamenti urbani.
Attraverso simulazioni numeriche, il presente lavoro analizza l'efficienza della raccolta d'acqua piovana a diverse scale (edificio, circoscrizione, città), utilizzando il concetto di edificio rappresentativo. Il lavoro si concentra su alcuni scenari ipotetici di ammodernamento (retrofitting) degli edifici residenziali della città di Torino, considerando diversi usi per l'acqua piovana recuperata (domestico, irrigazione e lavaggio delle strade).
Mediante il calcolo di opportuni indicatori, l'analisi prende in considerazione sia il risparmio idrico alle diverse scale (edificio, circoscrizione, città), sia la riduzione della portata inviata alla fognatura durante eventi piovosi intensi che sono stati osservati nel passato all'interno del territorio cittadino
The combined performance of green roof and rainwater harvesting: retention capacity and water saving
Full text linkPopulation growth and migration to urban spaces are influencing the management of the urban water cycle, both in terms of
supply and drainage, driving a more holistic management of the urban water cycle, combining hard centralized engineering
infrastructures with soft decentralized nature-based solutions. Among the latter, rainwater harvesting (RWH) and green roofs
are solutions that have been most encouraged by some municipalities around the globe at the building level. The present
study describes a methodology to assess the combined performance of RWH and green roofs in terms of water savings and
rainwater retention. The methodology can be easily applied and is compatible with the format in which the required data
are usually available. The methodology is applied to the city of Turin, in Italy, and is used to develop generalized relations
that allow estimating the performance of RWH systems with traditional and green roofs, based on two ratios that contain all
the relevant characteristics of the rainwater harvesting system (water consumption, collection area and tank capacity)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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