255 research outputs found
An Impact Study of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) in the Six ACP Regions
No full textThis article intends to present a very detailed analysis of the trade-related aspects of Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) negotiations. We use a dynamic partial equilibrium model – focusing on the demand side – at the HS6 level (covering 5,113 HS6 products). Two alternative lists of sensitive products are constructed, one giving priority to the agricultural sectors, the other focusing on tariff revenue preservation. In order to be WTO compatible, EPAs must translate into 90 percent of bilateral trade fully liberalised. We use this criterion to simulate EPAs for each negotiating regional block. ACP exports to the EU are forecast to be 10 percent higher with the EPAs than under the GSP/EBA option. On average ACP countries are forecast to lose 70 percent of tariff revenues on EU imports in the long run. Yet imports from other regions of the world will continue to provide tariff revenues. Thus when tariff revenue losses are computed on total ACP imports, losses are limited to 26 percent on average in the long run and even 19 percent when the product lists are optimised. The final impact on the economy depends on the importance of tariffs in government revenue and on potential compensatory effects. However this long term and less visible effect will mainly depend on the capacity of each ACP country to reorganise its fiscal base.Preferential Trade Agreements, Africa, EPAs, Partial Equilibrium Simulations, International Relations/Trade,
De la laïcité à la française à la théorie normative de la religion (et retour).: Un entretien de Luc Foisneau avec Cécile Laborde
No full textThis interview with Cécile Laborde was conducted by Luc Foisneau in Aubervilliers on 13th April 2023. This interview has been published on the website Politika.io in French and English versions. In addition to Critical Republicanism (Oxford 2008) and a collective volume with John Maynor, Republicanism and Political Theory (Blackwell 2008), Cécile Laborde is the author of Liberalism's Religion (Harvard 2017). She's a Fellow of the British Academy and of the Royal Academy of Belgium.Cet entretien avec Cécile Laborde a été réalisé par Luc Foisneau à Aubervilliers le 13 avril 2023. Cet entretien a été publié sur le site Politika.io en versions française et anglaise. Outre Critical Republicanism (Oxford 2008) et un volume collectif avec John Maynor, Republicanism and Political Theory (Blackwell 2008), Cécile Laborde est l'auteur de Liberalism's Religion (Harvard 2017). Elle est membre de la British Academy et de l'Académie royale de Belgique
Emmanuelle CAMBOIS * and Caroline LABORDE** Occupational Mobility and Mortality in France Links Confirmed for Men, Emergent for Women
No full textIdentifying mortality differentials between occupational classes requires information on a very large sample of people tracked over a long period. To study these differentials, in 1954, INSEE (National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies) assembled an initial sample of nearly 500,000 men aged 30- 69 (and their spouses) from all occupational classes in order to observe their subsequent mortality via the national register of physical individuals. The operation was repeated in the 1975 census for more than 800,000 men and women aged 30-64, and again in later censuses. The results show that mortality differentials by occupational class in France have not narrowed and are actually widening. One serious limitation of these studies is that they “freeze ” people in an occupational class, without being able to measure the effect of occupational moves on mortality. Emmanuelle CAMBOIS and Caroline LABORDE partly overcome this limitation by using INSEE’s permanent demographic sample (Échantillon démographique permanent, EDP) to identify earlier occupational moves by people aged 30-84 in 1975 and in 1999. The authors find a strong correlation between these moves and subsequent mortality. “Downward ” moves are most often associated with excess mortality, particularly for men, but also – in recent years – for women. In the early 2000s, life expectancy at age 35 for the highest-qualified occupations reached 47 years for men and 51 years for women, exceeding the figures for manual workers by 6 and 2 years respectively (Cambois et al., 2008, 2011). As shown in previous studies, there is a mortality gradient for occupations and occupational classes (Box 1), with highly-qualified and intermediate * Institut national d’études démographiques, Paris. * * Attached to INED at the time of the study
Le marronage sur les habitations Laborde à Saint-Domingue dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle
No full textA reaction against slavery on the big colonial plantations in the 18th century, marooning is still not well known.
The author who has worked at the French Institute in Haïti for six years studies its principal aspects in banker Laborde's sugar plantations in the plain of Cayes.
A careful analysis of the administration accounts enables him to judge the intensity of a phenomenon whose marginal character doesn't seem to have seriously shaken the stability of the plantations in question.Réactions à l'esclavage sur les grandes plantations coloniales du XVIIIe siècle, le marronage demeure encore assez mal connu.
L'auteur qui a travaillé six ans à l'Institut français d'Haïti en étudie les principaux aspects sur les habitations sucrières du banquier Laborde situées dans la plaine des Cayes.
Une analyse serrée des comptes de régie lui permet de mesurer l'intensité d'un phénomène dont le caractère marginal ne semble pas avoir ébranlé sérieusement la stabilité des ateliers en question.Foubert Bernard. Le marronage sur les habitations Laborde à Saint-Domingue dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. In: Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest. Tome 95, numéro 3, 1988. pp. 277-310
Analyse des caractéristiques départementales et résidentielles favorisant l'autonomie fonctionnelle des personnes âgées
No full textIn the context of population ageing, it is crucial to better understand how environment and functional independence (FI) interact. To date, no French study has investigated these mechanisms on a departmental scale; we do not know how residential effects interact with individual characteristics (such as functional status and social level) for FI. We mobilized 2 cross-sectional surveys, Vie Quotidienne et Santé 2014 (N=166,800, 60+) and CARE-Ménages Seniors 2015 (N=10,628, 60+), to identify departmental and residential factors associated with FI. At the département level, our multivariate models highlighted that the socioeconomic conditions of the départements and their supply of healthcare and services for older persons were associated with FI. At the residential environment level, several environmental barriers were identified (diversity of food outlets, quality of sidewalks, rest areas, steps/stairs). We found growing pressure from the environment to FI according to the number of functional limitations. Environmental barriers appear to alter FI in a similar way across educational status groups. These results suggest that a range of policies (health, social, regional planning, etc.) at departmental and local levels could be mobilized as a tool to promote FI and are likely to have an impact on many older people.Dans un contexte de vieillissement de population, il est crucial de mieux comprendre comment environnement et autonomie fonctionnelle (AF) s'articulent. A ce jour, aucune étude française n'a étudié ces mécanismes à l'échelle des départements ; on ne sait pas comment les effets résidentiels interagissent avec les caractéristiques individuelles (tel qu'état fonctionnel et niveau social) face aux restrictions d'activité. Nous avons mobilisé 2 enquêtes transversales, Vie Quotidienne et Santé 2014 (N=166 800, 60+) et CARE-Ménages Seniors 2015 (N=10 628, 60+), pour identifier les facteurs départementaux et résidentiels associés à AF. A l'échelle des départements, nos modèles multivariés ont mis en évidence que les conditions socioéconomiques des départements et leur offre en services de santé et de support aux personnes âgées sont associées à AF. A l'échelle des environnements résidentiels, plusieurs barrières environnementales ont été identifiées (diversité des commerces alimentaires, qualité des trottoirs, lieux de repos, marches/escaliers). Nous avons constaté une pression croissante de l'environnement résidentiel sur AF en fonction du nombre de limitations fonctionnelles. Les effets de ces barrières environnementales semblent être similaires pour tous les niveaux de diplôme. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'un ensemble de politiques (de santé mais aussi des politiques sociales, d'aménagement du territoire…) à des échelles départementales et locales pourraient être mobilisées comme un outil favorisant AF et seraient susceptibles d'avoir un impact sur un grand nombre de personnes âgées
Analysis of departmental and residential characteristics promoting the functional independence of the older adults
No full textDans un contexte de vieillissement de population, il est crucial de mieux comprendre comment environnement et autonomie fonctionnelle (AF) s'articulent. A ce jour, aucune étude française n'a étudié ces mécanismes à l'échelle des départements ; on ne sait pas comment les effets résidentiels interagissent avec les caractéristiques individuelles (tel qu'état fonctionnel et niveau social) face aux restrictions d'activité. Nous avons mobilisé 2 enquêtes transversales, Vie Quotidienne et Santé 2014 (N=166 800, 60+) et CARE-Ménages Seniors 2015 (N=10 628, 60+), pour identifier les facteurs départementaux et résidentiels associés à AF. A l'échelle des départements, nos modèles multivariés ont mis en évidence que les conditions socioéconomiques des départements et leur offre en services de santé et de support aux personnes âgées sont associées à AF. A l'échelle des environnements résidentiels, plusieurs barrières environnementales ont été identifiées (diversité des commerces alimentaires, qualité des trottoirs, lieux de repos, marches/escaliers). Nous avons constaté une pression croissante de l'environnement résidentiel sur AF en fonction du nombre de limitations fonctionnelles. Les effets de ces barrières environnementales semblent être similaires pour tous les niveaux de diplôme. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'un ensemble de politiques (de santé mais aussi des politiques sociales, d'aménagement du territoire…) à des échelles départementales et locales pourraient être mobilisées comme un outil favorisant AF et seraient susceptibles d'avoir un impact sur un grand nombre de personnes âgées.In the context of population ageing, it is crucial to better understand how environment and functional independence (FI) interact. To date, no French study has investigated these mechanisms on a departmental scale; we do not know how residential effects interact with individual characteristics (such as functional status and social level) for FI. We mobilized 2 cross-sectional surveys, Vie Quotidienne et Santé 2014 (N=166,800, 60+) and CARE-Ménages Seniors 2015 (N=10,628, 60+), to identify departmental and residential factors associated with FI. At the département level, our multivariate models highlighted that the socioeconomic conditions of the départements and their supply of healthcare and services for older persons were associated with FI. At the residential environment level, several environmental barriers were identified (diversity of food outlets, quality of sidewalks, rest areas, steps/stairs). We found growing pressure from the environment to FI according to the number of functional limitations. Environmental barriers appear to alter FI in a similar way across educational status groups. These results suggest that a range of policies (health, social, regional planning, etc.) at departmental and local levels could be mobilized as a tool to promote FI and are likely to have an impact on many older people
Developing compact and innovative dual-band thermal imagers using multi-layer diffractive optical elements
No full textInfrared (IR) remote sensing offers a huge range of applications, mostly addressing make-or-break issues of our century (wildfires, irrigation monitoring, etc.). Multispectral spaceborne instruments require bulky optical systems designed for a specific scientific goal and have very low revisit time. Thereby, constellations of small satellites embarking compact dual-band IR imagers are very promising solutions. We study a dual-band IR diffractive element called multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOE). It replaces classical diffractive lenses (DOEs) that cannot operate simultaneously in two distinct wavebands. An MLDOE design is studied using the rigorous finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Its performance at the ”best” focal plane is deduced using free-space Fourier optics wave propagation. The presented MLDOE design has over 80% Strehl ratio in both bands, outperforming classical DOEs. Its chromatic focal shift has a negative variation, in opposition to refractive lenses, allowing efficient and compact dual-band hybrid lenses.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Spaceborne Instrumentatio
Analyse des caractéristiques départementales et résidentielles favorisant l'autonomie fonctionnelle des personnes âgées
No full textIn the context of population ageing, it is crucial to better understand how environment and functional independence (FI) interact. To date, no French study has investigated these mechanisms on a departmental scale; we do not know how residential effects interact with individual characteristics (such as functional status and social level) for FI. We mobilized 2 cross-sectional surveys, Vie Quotidienne et Santé 2014 (N=166,800, 60+) and CARE-Ménages Seniors 2015 (N=10,628, 60+), to identify departmental and residential factors associated with FI. At the département level, our multivariate models highlighted that the socioeconomic conditions of the départements and their supply of healthcare and services for older persons were associated with FI. At the residential environment level, several environmental barriers were identified (diversity of food outlets, quality of sidewalks, rest areas, steps/stairs). We found growing pressure from the environment to FI according to the number of functional limitations. Environmental barriers appear to alter FI in a similar way across educational status groups. These results suggest that a range of policies (health, social, regional planning, etc.) at departmental and local levels could be mobilized as a tool to promote FI and are likely to have an impact on many older people.Dans un contexte de vieillissement de population, il est crucial de mieux comprendre comment environnement et autonomie fonctionnelle (AF) s'articulent. A ce jour, aucune étude française n'a étudié ces mécanismes à l'échelle des départements ; on ne sait pas comment les effets résidentiels interagissent avec les caractéristiques individuelles (tel qu'état fonctionnel et niveau social) face aux restrictions d'activité. Nous avons mobilisé 2 enquêtes transversales, Vie Quotidienne et Santé 2014 (N=166 800, 60+) et CARE-Ménages Seniors 2015 (N=10 628, 60+), pour identifier les facteurs départementaux et résidentiels associés à AF. A l'échelle des départements, nos modèles multivariés ont mis en évidence que les conditions socioéconomiques des départements et leur offre en services de santé et de support aux personnes âgées sont associées à AF. A l'échelle des environnements résidentiels, plusieurs barrières environnementales ont été identifiées (diversité des commerces alimentaires, qualité des trottoirs, lieux de repos, marches/escaliers). Nous avons constaté une pression croissante de l'environnement résidentiel sur AF en fonction du nombre de limitations fonctionnelles. Les effets de ces barrières environnementales semblent être similaires pour tous les niveaux de diplôme. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'un ensemble de politiques (de santé mais aussi des politiques sociales, d'aménagement du territoire…) à des échelles départementales et locales pourraient être mobilisées comme un outil favorisant AF et seraient susceptibles d'avoir un impact sur un grand nombre de personnes âgées
May churches discriminate?
No full textCécile Laborde\u27s Liberalism\u27s Religion contains an original theory of collective religious exemptions, which emphasises two morally significant interests that religious and other groups have in free association. Here I argue that Laborde\u27s theory of collective exemptions is less frugal in its allocation of rights than its author claims. In particular, I suggest that the theory lacks the grounds to restrict special treatment to voluntary and identificatory associations, and that by its lights loose, diffuse communities and even ascriptive groups are also entitled to special treatment.ACCEPTEDpeer-reviewe
Cotton-textile-apparel sectors of India:
No full text"Cotton, textiles, and apparel are critical agricultural and industrial sectors in India. This study provides descriptions of these sectors and examines the key developments emerging domestically and internationally that affect the challenges and opportunities the sectors face. More than four million farm households produce cotton in India, and about one-quarter of output is produced by marginal and small farms. Although production has expanded—most recently with the introduction of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton—domestic prices dropped sharply in the late 1990s, in parallel to world cotton prices. Using partial equilibrium simulations, we estimate that a price movement of the magnitude that occurred has a significant effect on levels of poverty among cotton-producing households. The fiber-to-fabric production chain, from cotton processing through apparel, employs more than 12 million workers in India and provides 16 percent of export earnings. Except for the spinning industry, these sectors are dominated by small, fragmented, and nonintegrated units, which adversely affect their competitiveness. Recent policy reforms have induced some technological improvements. In terms of future prospects for the Indian processing, textile, and apparel industries, our analysis emphasizes three dimensions of reform—the need for further investments in human resource development to improve industry productivity and reduce poverty among workers in these sectors, the emergence of modern domestic retail marketing chains, and the potentially vibrant prospects for the industry that arise from a growing domestic fabric demand and new opportunities in world markets if appropriate policies and investments are undertaken." from authors' abstractCotton, textiles, Apparel, Rural poverty, subsidies, Industry policy, World markets,
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