827 research outputs found
Supplemental material for Complete withdrawal is the most effective approach to reduce disability in patients with medication-overuse headache: A randomized controlled open-label trial
No full textSupplemental Material3 for Complete withdrawal is the most effective approach to reduce disability in patients with medication-overuse headache: A randomized controlled open-label trial by Mia Nielsen, Louise Ninett Carlsen, Signe Bruun Munksgaard, Ida Maria Storm Engelstoft, Rigmor Højland Jensen and Lars Bendtsen in Cephalalgia</p
Snow cover fraction on land fromt MODIS at the three GEM sites
No full textSnow cover fraction on ground from MODIS.
Gaps due to cloud cover are filled using the last available observation. A description paper is in preparation.Please contact the author directly with any questions
Prebiotics and synbiotics effect on CNS-related conditions in humans: a systematic review
No full textThe important role of the gut microbiota in human health is already well established, and researchers have grown an increased interest in this subject over the past years. Various studies have suggested that an altered composition of the gut microbiota is key to the modulation of the gut-brain-axis. One way to alter the composition of the gut microbiota is by intake of prebiotics and synbiotics. The role of prebiotics and synbiotics in communication between the gut and the brain, and the effect on mental health and cognition, has shown promising results in several animal studies. However, there is limited evidence for the prebiotic influence on the human brain.
In this thesis, a systematic search was conducted to investigate the evidence for prebiotics effect on neurological and psychiatric disorders. The search was conducted in the database PubMed in January 2023 with different combinations of the search terms: prebiotics, cognitive function, and RCT.
Prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation demonstrate a promising beneficial effect on mental health, especially anxiety and depression, and cognitive function in humans. This effect, however, seems to be influenced by various factors such as individual differences in gut microbiota, pathological state, and type, dose and length of intervention, to mention a few. Prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation may also lead to an improvement in metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. These findings propose that prebiotic or synbiotic supplementation may influence their effects on mental health parameters. The composition of the gut microbiota also plays an important role in the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut. It was not possible to explain the mechanisms behind prebiotics and synbiotics effect on the gut-brain-axis, as these mechanisms are not well established. Moreover, the type, dose, and duration of intervention necessary to provide a beneficial effect of prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation is still uncertain. Future research is therefore needed to investigate the potential use of prebiotics or synbiotics as therapeutical agents
Naturalized mice fed dietary fibers – effects on systemic inflammation and glucose regulation in mice with low-grade colonic inflammation
No full textBackground: Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and is a risk factor in developing insulin resistance. The most commonly used animal model for studying humans is the house mouse (Mus musculus), and recent studies have suggested that housing the mice in dirty, microbe-rich environments lead to immunophenotypes more similar to humans and make them more resistant to certain diseases. Dietary fiber intake is also shown to decrease the probability of developing multiple diseases.
Aims: We wanted to examine if systemic inflammation, characterized by inflammation in the liver, and insulin resistance occurred when low-grade inflammation in the colon was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) exposure, and if the conditions were affected by housing in a microbe-rich environment consisting of soil and farmyard-derived material (“feralization”), and/or intake of dietary fiber.
Methods: Female and male C57BL/6JRj mice were housed in cages containing all combinations of environment (clean or feralizing materials), diet (fiber rich or fiber low) and treatment (water or DSS-solution). Weight was registered, blood samples were collected, in vivo and ex vivo imaging was performed, and organs were dissected to determine the consequences of the DSS treatment and the effects of housing and diet. RNA was isolated from the liver tissue and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect relative expression of inflammatory genes, relative nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity was calculated from the images and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect insulin levels in fasting mice and plasma levels of anti-flagellin and anti-lipopolysaccharide.
Results: The DSS treatment led to increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes and increased activity of NF-κB in the liver, however no signs of insulin resistance were detected. The results from the disease scores, in vivo images, and expression of three of the inflammatory genes showed a significant reducing effect of feralization on DSS-induced inflammation. Surprisingly, intake of dietary fiber combined with clean housing increased weight loss and the expression of one inflammatory gene in the DSS-treated mice.
Conclusion: Low-grade inflammation in the colon induced by DSS lead to systemic inflammation affecting expression of inflammatory genes and NF-κB activity in the liver. However, it was not sufficient to affect insulin and glucose regulation. The results indicated that feralization has a protective effect on development of systemic inflammation induced by low-grade colonic inflammation, while the effect of intake of dietary fiber was less clear
The Impact of a Naturalized Environment and Dietary Fiber on DSS-Induced Low-Grade Colonic Inflammation in Mice
No full textBackground: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a growing problem worldwide, especially in Western countries. Mouse models have been useful in understanding such diseases, but differences exist between the immunophenotype of conventional laboratory mice and wild-living mice. Moreover, fiber intake has decreased in Western countries the last decades, which has been associated with increased risk of several diseases including IBD and cancer. To improve the translation potential to humans, there is a need to create mouse models that mimic the diversity of human environments and diets by producing a more realistic setting in the lab.
Aims: We wanted to investigate the potential effects of a naturalized environment and a fiber-rich diet on DSS-induced colonic inflammation in mice by looking at disease development, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activity in colon, gene expression of barrier- and immuno-related genes in mucosa, and levels of the inflammation biomarker lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) in feces.
Methods: 64 C57BL/6JRj were housed in environments typical for a clean laboratory or in a farmyard-like habitat (“feralized mice”). They received a fiber-rich (FR) or fiber-low (FL) diet and were weighed every other week. After five weeks the experimental mice were given dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induced low-grade inflammation. After a recovery period the same mice went through a new cycle of DSS administration, followed by euthanasia. Different organs were dissected out including colon that were measured and scraped for mucosa content. RNA was extracted from these samples and analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR using Biomark™ HD. In vivo and ex vivo imaging was performed to measure NF-kB activity, and fecal LCN-2 levels were measured by sandwich ELISA.
Results: The results showed that DSS affected all groups, leading to inflammation in the colon, especially the FR Lab group. This group had highest disease severity and weight loss, which was reflected in the expression of several genes connected to mucus, immunosurveillance, and inflammation, in addition to fecal LCN-2 levels. The feralized groups had low disease severity and body weight loss, and lower expression of genes related to mucus and immunosurveillance than their non-DSS-treated control groups.
Conclusion: A definite conclusion is difficult to draw, but based on disease score, gene expression, and LCN-2 amounts it appears that feralization has a positive health effect on DSS-induced low-grade inflammation in colon. Surprisingly, a combination between a clean environment and a FR diet seems to adverse the effects of DSS treatment, reflected in several of the parameters measured
Promotion of phonemic phonological perception for 5 – 6 years old children with phonological disorders by using natural materials
No full textDiplomdarba nosaukums: “Fonemātiskās uztveres sekmēšana 5 – 6 gadus veciem bērniem ar fonētiski fonemātiskiem traucējumiem, izmantojot dabas materiālus” Darba autore: Signe Jonase Darba zinātniskā vadītāja: Mg. paed. Egija Laganovska Darba saturs: 61 lapas, 7 attēli, 7 tabulas, 4 pielikumi. Pētījuma mērķis: Teorētiski izpētīt un praktiski pārbaudīt dabas materiālu izmantošanas efektivitāti 5 – 6 gadus veciem bērniem ar fonētiski fonemātiskiem traucējumiem. Pētījuma teorētiskajā daļā tiek analizēta dažādu autoru zinātniskā literatūra. Darba autore apraksta bērnu attīstību kopveselumā (fizisko, emocionālo, kognitīvo un sociālo), fonemātiskā uztvere, tās traucējumi un attīstīšanas paņēmieni. Pētījuma empīriskajā daļā autore apraksta pētnieciski praktisko darbību (novērošanu, runas pārbaudi, anketēšanu), balstoties uz teorētiskajā daļā gūtajām atziņām, kā arī, veic iegūto rezultātu analīzi. Pētījuma rezultātā iegūtie dati tiek apkopoti tabulās un attēlos. Darba noslēgumā tiek izdarīti secinājumi un sniegti ieteikumi vecākiem un pedagogiem. Atslēgas vārdi: logopēdija, runa, valoda, attīstība, skaņu izrunas traucējumi, fonemātiskās uztvere, fonemātiskās uztveres traucējumi, dabas materiāli.Title of graduation work: “Promotion of phonemic phonological perception for 5 – 6 years old children with phonological disorders by using natural materials” Author: Signe Jonase Supervisor: Mg. paed. Egija Laganovska Structure: 61 pages, 7 pictures, 7 tables, 4 attachments Reserch goal: In theory, study and practice the effectiveness of the use of natural materials for children 5 to 6 years old with phonetic phonetic phonemic disorders. The theoretical part of the study analyses the scientific literature of the authors. The author of the work describes the development of children in general (physical, emotional, cognitive and social), phonographic perception, its disorders and development techniques. In the empirical part of the study, the author describes the practice of research (observation, speech testing, anketting), based on the lessons learned from the theoretical part, as well as an analysis of the results obtained. The resulting data from the study is collected in tables and images. The work concludes by drawing conclusions and making recommendations to parents and teachers. Key words: speech therapy, speech, language, development, phonetic disorders, phonetic perception, phonetic perception disorders, natural material
Effect of different modes of naturalization on expression of barrier-related genes in the murine intestine
No full textM-BIOTE
Possibilities of electricity production development in Latvia
No full textLatvija ir viena no ES līderēm atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošanā elektroenerģijas ražošanā, tomēr vēja potenciāls Latvijā nav apgūts.
Maģistra darba Elektroenerģijas ražošanas attīstības iespējas Latvijā autore Signe Allena izvirzījusi mērķi izvērtēt vēja enerģijas izmantošanas potenciālu Rīgas Tehniskajā universitātē, uzstādot mazās vēja turbīnas. Galvenie uzdevumi mērķa īstenošanai ir analizēt zinātniskās publikācijas un praktisko pieredzi, apkopot vēja mērījumus, noteikt vēja turbīnu iespējamo saražotās elektroenerģijas apjomu, izstrādāt elektroenerģijas cenu scenārijus, izvērtēt atmaksāšanās periodus turbīnu uzstādīšanai un noteikt ekonomiski izdevīgāko vēja turbīnu modeli.
Maģistra darba rezultātā ir izvērtēts vēja enerģijas potenciāls un novērtēts ekonomiskais izdevīgums vēja turbīnu uzstādīšanai Rīgas Tehniskajā universitātē.
Atslēgvārdi: elektroenerģijas ražošana, vēja enerģija, statistiskā analīzeLatvia are one of the leading countries in renewable energy usage in electricity generation at EU level, however wind potential is still unfulfilled.
Author Signe Allena of master thesis Possibilities of electricity production development in Latvia aims to assess the wind energy potentional installing small wind turbines at Riga Technical University. The main tasks are to analyze scientific publications and practical experience, gather wind measurements, determine the potentional electricity amount generated by wind turbines, develop electricity price scenarios, evaluate financial return periods of turbine installation and identify the most economically attractive wind turbine model.
As a result of the master thesis the potential of wind energy has been identified and economic advantage of turbine installation at Riga Technical University has been assessed.
Keywords: power generation, wind power, statistical analysi
Work environment risks in metalworking industry and prevention measures
No full text“Metālapstrādē nodarbināto darba vides riski un to novēršanas pasākumi”. Darba autore Signe Vējkrīgere. Darba zinātniskā vadītāja: asoc. profesore, Dr. med. Ženija Roja. Maģistra darbs sastāv no 4 nodaļām, secinājumiem un praktiskajām rekomendācijām. Pirmajā nodaļā literatūras avotos publicētā informācija par metālapstrādes nozarē sastopamajiem darba vides riska faktoriem, to cēloņiem un ietekmi uz nodarbināto veselību. Otrajā daļā aprakstītas darbā izmantotās risku novērtēšanas metodes, bet trešajā daļā – apkopoti un analizēti pētījuma rezultāti. Ceturtā nodaļa ir vadlīnijas veselīgas un drošas darba vides nodrošināšanai metālapstrādē nodarbinātajiem, iekļaujot risku novēršanas un samazināšanas pasākumus nozarē. Darba apjoms ir 76 lpp., satur 21 attēlu, 12 tabulas, 12 pielikumus, izmantots 51 literatūras avots. Darbs uzrakstīts latviešu valodā. Atslēgvārdi: Darba vide, analīze, vadlīnijas, metālapstrāde“Work environment risks in metalworking industry and prevention measures”. Author: Signe Vējkrīgere. Scientific advisor: asoc. prof., Dr. med. Ženija Roja. Master’s thesis consists of four sections, conclusions. The first section analyzes published information from literature sources on occupational risk factors, their causes and impact on employees health in metalworking industry. The second section describes risk assessment methods, that are used in this thesis, but the third section – summary and analysis of results. Fourth section is guidelines how to provide safe and healthy work environment for metalworking industry’s employees, which includes occupational risk reduction and prevention measures. Master’s thesis contain 76 pages, including 21 figures, 12 tables, 51 literature references, 12 appendices. Thesis is written in Latvian. Keywords: Work environment, analysis, guidelines, metalworking
Awareness raising of ecological lifestyle for children of older preschool age
No full textTemats – Ekoloģiska dzīvesveida izpratnes pilnveide vecākajā pirmsskolas vecumā Darba autore – Signe Sokova Darba vadītāja – Dr. Psych. Tija Zīriņa Pētījuma mērķis – pētīt ekoloģiska dzīvesveida izpratnes pilnveidi vecākā pirmsskolas vecuma bērniem mācību jomu centros. Darbs sastāv no teorētiskās un empīriskās daļas. Teorētiskajā daļā, analizējot V. Zelmeņa, G. Svences un citu latviešu un ārzemju psihologu un pedagogu darbus, izpētīts izpratnes un ekoloģijas jēdziens. Darbā raksturots vecākā pirmsskolas vecuma bērna attīstības likumsakarības pētāmās problēmas kontekstā. Empīriskajā daļā tiek raksturoti bērni pēc viņu uzvedības īpatnībām, veikta analīze. Pētītas metodes, ar kādām sekmīgāk veidot izpratni par ekoloģiska dzīvesveida pamatprincipiem. Atslēgas vārdi: ekoloģiskais dzīvesveids, izpratne, vecākā pirmsskolas vecuma bērni, vecumposmu likumsakarības.Research topic– Awareness raising of ecological lifestyle for children of older preschool age Author – Signe Sokova Supervisor – Dr. psych. Tija Zīriņa Research objective- study awareness raising improvement of ecological lifestyle for children of older preschool age in learning centers. The research consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. In the theoretical part, analyzing the works of V. Zemlenis, G. Svence and other Latvian and foreign psychologists and teachers, the concept of understanding and ecology is studied. The paper describes peculiarities of the oldest preschool age in the context of the research problem. In the empirical part, children are described according to their behavioral characteristics, analysis is performed. Methods for better understanding of the basic principles of ecological lifestyle have been studied. Key words: ecological lifestyle, awareness, children of the older pre-school age, peculiarities of the age period
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