1,721,010 research outputs found
Poverty and Women’s Labor Market Activity: the Role of Gender Wage Discrimination in the EU
Get PDFThe functioning of the labor market often has been stressed as a clear determinant in explaining poverty trends in developed countries. In this paper, we analyze the role of gender wage discrimination on household poverty rates in several EU countries, linking two related phenomena that rarely are analyzed together. In order to quantify the impact of discrimination on poverty, we propose the construction of a counterfactual distribution of wages where discrimination against women has been removed. Using this new wage distribution, we compute total household income and compare poverty rates in the absence of discrimination to those actually observed. Our results show that, in general, it is true that discrimination against women plays a determinant role in the current levels of poverty, even if we discover that results for each country present a different pattern and intensity. Further, we find that the effect of discrimination on poverty risk dramatically increases for individuals in households who largely depend on working female earnings, especially in the case of single mothers.poverty, inequality, income distribution, gender, wage discrimination, labor participation.
Carlos Gradín Lago, Coral Del Río Otero e Olga Cantó Sánchez. 2006. La distribución de la renta en Galicia: analisis territorial de la desigualdad y la pobreza. A Coruña: CIEF, Centro de Investigación Económica e Financeira
Get PDFCarlos Gradín Lago, Coral Del Río Otero e Olga Cantó Sánchez. 2006. La distribución de la renta en Galicia: analisis territorial de la desigualdad y la pobreza. A Coruña: CIEF, Centro de Investigación Económica e Financeir
Income distribution and income sources in Uruguay
Get PDFThis paper is concerned with changes in the distribution of income sources in Uruguay after the late eighties. An apparent stability in the distribution of total incomes is hiding deep transformations affecting the generation of that income. The distribution across all income earners at the end of the eighties exhibited two well-distinguished poles, each associated with one of the main income sources: pension benefits and wages. This bimodality diminished during the nineties due to the reduction in polarization by income sources. In the same period we find that in the case of labor earnings there was a net transfer of population mass from the middle of the distribution to both extremes, which results in an increasing polarization within this income source. This phenomenon resembles the Anglo-Saxon experience of the shrinking middle class.income sources, inequality, labor market, pension benefits, polarization
Escenas de lo inatrapable en el medio digital: las producciones de Carlos Gradín, Paloma González Santos y Leonardo Solaas
Get PDFIn our days, we live through an overabundance of codes and languages that, in many cases, we barely understand. We link with them through interfaces that simplify their inherent complexity. At the same time, big data machinery operates on our daily lives: through the application of mathematics, they infer probabilities and induce behavior. That gives rise to a tendency to discretization, automation and indexing of everything. In this context, we are interested in thinking about the positions of a serie of artists who dialogue with the digital medias. The analysis of the productions of Carlos Gradín, Paloma González Santos and Leonardo Solaas, will allow us to ask if they exist in literature and art marbles of inaccessibility, of non-slipability, in a context where everything tends to eventually become addressable.En nuestros días, vivimos atravesados por una sobreabundancia de códigos y lenguajes que –en muchas ocasiones– apenas llegamos a comprender. Nos vinculamos con ellos por medio de interfaces que simplifican su complejidad inherente. Al mismo tiempo, las maquinarias del big data operan sobre nuestra cotidianeidad: por medio de la aplicación de las matemáticas, infieren probabilidades e inducen comportamientos. Eso da lugar a una tendencia a la discretización, automatización e indización de todo (Berti). En este contexto, nos interesa pensar los posicionamientos de una serie de artistas que entran en diálogo con las posibilidades que el medio digital habilita. El análisis de las producciones de Carlos Gradín, Paloma González Santos y Leonardo Solaas, nos permitirá preguntarnos si existen en la literatura y el arte márgenes de inaccesibilidad, de inatrapabilidad, en un entramado en que todo tiende a volverse eventualmente referenciable
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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