1,720,967 research outputs found
Intraspecific attachment in adult domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) : Preliminary results.
No full textCanis familiaris is a highly social species. Among the social relationships between two individuals, a particular case is represented by attachment bonds. The aim of the current study was to assess whether the bond between adult cohabitant dogs may be regarded as attachment.Twenty-two couples of dogs living in the same household participated in the study. Each couple was tested through a modified version of the Ainsworth strange situation test, in which one dog (11 males and 11 females) was tested and the other one acted as the presumed attachment figure; the stranger was played by a 25 year old woman. As females and males behaved virtually in the same way, their data was combined.Dogs were found to show less signs of stress (whining and behaviours towards the door) in the presence of the cohabitant dog than alone; and dogs appeared less stressed in the company of the stranger (shorter duration of whining, close to the door and behaviours towards the door) than in isolation. Dogs also showed a higher contact maintenance effect towards the stranger, especially after reunion with her, compared to affiliative behaviours towards the other dog.The presence of an attachment bond between adult dogs was not fully supported by our results, although the presence of a cohabitant dog strongly diminishes dog stress response to isolation. Not surprisingly, a human stranger has a strong ameliorative effect. Further research is needed to better understand this important aspect of canine social behaviou
Level of anxiety and perception of dog stress in human mothers and non-mothers
Full text linkThe aim of the current study was to assess whether and how the presence of a dog can influence the level of
anxiety in mothers with a child and women without children. Moreover, the ability of female dog owners with or without children to recognize sign of stress and to assess the level of stress in their pet was evaluated. For these purposes, 58 mothers of a child (0-6 years old), owning a dog, 84 mothers of a child (0-6 years old) who did not own a dog, and 87 women with a dog but without children filled in two questionnaires. The first questionnaire was the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y), consisting of 20 questions for the evaluation of the state anxiety and 20 for the trait anxiety. The second questionnaire was aimed at analysing owner’s perception of stress in their dog.
It was found that female dog owners without children showed a lower trait anxiety. Mothers perceived a lower stress
level in their dogs, compared to owners without children. However, mothers resulted less able to identify the canine signs of stress and the potentially stressful situations for dogs and this could explain the previous result. This lack of communication between owners (in particular mothers) and dogs may lead to a condition of poor dog welfare and turn into canine aggression and dangerous behaviors towards family members, especially children
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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