1,721,053 research outputs found
Hierarchical factor structure of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale short form (IUS-12) in the Italian version
Full text linkDespite widespread use, few translations are available for the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale short
form (IUS-12) as well as limited research on its psychometric properties in Italy. Moreover, recent evidence
has suggested a multifaceted hierarchical structure for this scale. We compared the two-factor
model to second-order and bi-factor models, in which a General IU factor was posited with two more narrow
factors: Prospective IU and Inhibitory IU. Models were tested on a pooled dataset of students (N =
609) taking the IUS-12 alone or with other IUS-27 items. The bi-factor model fitted the sample data better
than alternative models. The general factor accounted for 80% of the item variance. Presentation mode did
not impact scalar invariance. Convergent validity with neuroticism, need for closure, and the uncertainty
response scale was high for the total score. As such, scoring the IUS-12 total score is recommended in
clinical research and assessmen
Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Temporary Experimental Induction Procedure.
Full text linkBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a trans-diagnostic construct involved in anxiety and related disorders. Research focused on cross-sectional reporting, manipulating attitudes toward objective and impersonal events or on treatments designed to reduce IU in clinical populations. The current paper presents an experimental procedure for laboratory manipulations of IU and tests mediation hypotheses following the Intolerance of Uncertainty Model. METHODS:On pre-test, undergraduate volunteers (Study 1, n = 43;68% women. Study 2, n = 169;83.8% women) were asked to provide an idiosyncratic future negative life event. State-IU, Worry, Positive and Negative Affect were assessed after that a standardized procedure was used to identify event's potential negative consequences. The same variables were assessed on post-test, after that participants were asked to read-through increasing and decreasing IU statements. RESULTS:Temporary changes on IU were consistently reproduced in both studies. Participants receiving increasing IU instructions reported greater state-IU, Worry and Negative Affect than those receiving decreasing IU instructions. However, this latter condition was not different from a control one (Study 2). Both studies revealed significant indirect effects of IU induction instructions on Worry and Negative Affect through state-IU. LIMITATIONS:Both studies used undergraduate psychology students samples, younger than average population and predominantly female. Experimental manipulation and outcome measures belongs to the same semantic domain, uncertainty, potentially limiting generalizability. CONCLUSIONS:Results supported the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed IU manipulation for non-clinical sample. Findings parallel clinical research showing that state-IU preceded Worry and Negative Affect states
Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty
No full textAbstractThe current review and synthesis serves to define and contextualize fear of the unknown relative to related constructs, such as intolerance of uncertainty, and contemporary models of emotion, attachment, and neuroticism. The contemporary models appear to share a common core in underscoring the importance of responses to unknowns. A recent surge in published research has explored the transdiagnostic impact of not knowing on anxiety and related pathologies; as such, there appears to be mounting evidence for fear of the unknown as an important core transdiagnostic construct. The result is a robust foundation for transdiagnostic theoretical and empirical explorations into fearing the unknown and intolerance of uncertainty
Fear of the unknown: One fear to rule them all?
No full textAbstractThe current review and synthesis was designed to provocatively develop and evaluate the proposition that “fear of the unknown may be a, or possibly the, fundamental fear” (Carleton, 2016) underlying anxiety and therein neuroticism. Identifying fundamental transdiagnostic elements is a priority for clinical theory and practice. Historical criteria for identifying fundamental components of anxiety are described and revised criteria are offered. The revised criteria are based on logical rhetorical arguments using a constituent reductionist postpositivist approach supported by the available empirical data. The revised criteria are then used to assess several fears posited as fundamental, including fear of the unknown. The review and synthesis concludes with brief recommendations for future theoretical discourse as well as clinical and non-clinical research
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Impact of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Social Threat on Decision-Making in Socially Anxious Individuals
No full textA Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology, University of Regina. x,118 p.Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by intense fear or anxiety in response to social situations (APA, 2013). Individuals with SAD experience clinically significant distress and impairment and, if left untreated, the disorder typically follows a chronic and unremitting course (APA, 2013; Hofmann, Heinrichs, & Moscovitch, 2004). Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is “an individual’s dispositional incapacity to endure the aversive response triggered by the perceived absence of salient, key, or sufficient information, and sustained by the associated perception of uncertainty” (Carleton, 2016, p.31). Several studies have implicated high IU as a potential risk factor underlying the development and maintenance of various anxiety and mood disorders, including SAD (see for review, Carleton, 2012; 2016; in press). Previous studies have implicated high IU as being detrimental to decision-making processes and adaptive responses (Jensen, Kind, Morrison, & Heimberg, 2014; Luhmann, Ishida, & Hajcak, 2011); however, research to date has not examined the relationship between IU and decision-making within disorder-specific contexts, except within the context of generalized anxiety disorder. Further, little research has examined the relationship between IU and anxiety under threat (e.g., Reuman, Jacoby, Fabricant, Herring, & Abramowitz, 2014). The current investigation was designed to examine the relationship between IU and social anxiety symptoms by assessing the impact of social threat and IU on decision-making. Undergraduate participants (n = 106, 81% women) with diverse levels of baseline, self-reported social anxiety symptoms were asked to complete two sets of decision-making tasks in either a high social threat condition or a low social threat condition. Correlational, linear regression, and mediational analyses were conducted to characterize decision-making performance across the different groups and conditions, as well as assess the role of IU as a potential mediator of the relationship between decision-making and social anxiety. High self-reported IU and high self-reported social anxiety were both significantly inversely associated with information gathering in the Beads Task, particularly for participants assigned to the high social threat condition. High self-reported IU and high self-reported social anxiety were significantly associated with overall latency in the modified Iowa Gambling Task (MIGT) in the low social threat condition. There was a significant inverse relationship between SAD-specific IU and advantageous play in the MIGT and a trend toward a significant inverse association between SAD-specific IU and disadvantageous play in the MIGT. The results of mediation analyses did not support IU as mediating the relationship between social anxiety and decision-making. The current results were consistent with contemporary models of anxiety positing uncertainty as critical (Carleton, 2012; 2016; in press). Participants exhibited behaviours and decision-making outcomes consistent with the notion that uncertainty reduction is a primary implicit goal in individuals high in IU and anxiety, particularly when faced with fear-relevant contexts. The current results also help elucidate posited differences in the influence of inhibitory and prospective IU on decision-making processes in domain-specific environments (i.e., socially anxious individuals faced with a socially threatening situation). Further, the results support the utility of and need for additional research examining the role of disorder-specific IU. A better understanding of the role of IU in decision-making within disorder-specific contexts can be used to inform treatment interventions targeting IU reduction and improve treatment outcomes.Studentye
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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