1,720,963 research outputs found
O devedor superendividado. Um consumidor particularmente vulnerável
Full text linkLa persona física que no realiza actividad empresarial es consumidor y en la mayoría de los casos se habrá sobreendeudado como consecuencia de sus necesidades de consumo. La mayor parte de estas necesidades se satisfacen en el mercado del crédito al consumo mediante la tarjeta de crédito. En la actualidad, con ellas se paga prácticamente todo. A menudo el sobreendeudamiento afecta a otros sujetos. Se alude, entonces, al sobreendeudamiento de los hogares dando al término «hogar» un cariz subjetivo. Asimismo, se menciona al «sobreendeudamiento de la familia» (GUTIÉRREZ DE CABIEDES, 25). El problema adquiere, así, una dimensión social que permite un abordaje desde múltiples disciplinas. Considerar el sobreendeudamiento del consumidor comporta dar entrada a ciertas soluciones inspiradas en los principios específicos tuitivos del Derecho del consumo y, asimismo, restringir su aplicación a las personas que técnicamente se definen como tales en las leyes respectivas. En este trabajo no analizamos el régimen jurídico del consumidor, ni tampoco el régimen jurídico aplicable a los contratos de crédito, pero analizamos, sí, el sobreendeudamiento como consecuencia del acceso al crédito al consumo como principal fuente de financiamiento para la adquisición de bienes y servicios (BIFERALI, 2018, 1839), que en cierto contexto de vulnerabilidad se presenta muy desordenado. El concepto de vulnerabilidad se ha estudiado por diferentes disciplinas. En lo que nos interesa nos enfocaremos en la vulnerabilidad económica y jurídica.A pessoa singular que não exerce atividade empresarial é um consumidor e, na maioria dos casos, terá ficado sobreendividada em consequência das suas necessidades de consumo. A maior parte destas necessidades é satisfeita no mercado de crédito ao consumo através de cartões de crédito. Hoje em dia praticamente tudo se paga com eles. O sobreendividamento afeta frequentemente outros assuntos. Refere-se então o sobreendividamento das famílias, conferindo ao termo “casa” um aspecto subjetivo. Da mesma forma, menciona-se o “superendividamento familiar” (GUTIÉRREZ DE CABIEDES, 2009, 25). O problema adquire assim uma dimensão social que permite uma abordagem a partir de múltiplas disciplinas. Considerar o sobreendividamento dos consumidores implica dar origem a determinadas soluções inspiradas nos princípios protetivos específicos do direito do consumo e, da mesma forma, restringir a sua aplicação às pessoas que como tal são tecnicamente definidas nas respetivas leis. Neste trabalho não analisamos o regime jurídico do consumidor, nem o regime jurídico aplicável aos contratos de crédito, mas analisamos o sobreendividamento como consequência do acesso ao crédito ao consumo como principal fonte de financiamento para a aquisição de bens e serviços (BIFERALI, 2018, 1839), que em determinado contexto de vulnerabilidade se apresenta muito desordenado. O conceito de vulnerabilidade tem sido estudado por diferentes disciplinas. No que nos interessa, concentrar-nos-emos na vulnerabilidade económica e jurídica.The natural person who does not carry out business activity is a consumer and, in most cases, will have become over-indebted as a result of their consumption needs. Most of these needs are satisfied in the consumer credit market through credit cards. Nowadays, practically everything is paid for with them. Over-indebtedness often affects other subjects. The over-indebtedness of households is then referred to, giving the term “home” a subjective aspect. Likewise, "family over-indebtedness" is mentioned (GUTIÉRREZ DE CABIEDES, 2009, 25). The problem thus acquires a social dimension that allows an approach from multiple disciplines. Considering consumer over-indebtedness involves giving rise to certain solutions inspired by the specific protective principles of consumer law and, likewise, restricting its application to people who are technically defined as such in the respective laws. In this work we do not analyze the legal regime of the consumer, nor the legal regime applicable to credit contracts, but we do analyze over-indebtedness as a consequence of access to consumer credit as the main source of financing for the acquisition of goods and services. (BIFERALI, 2018, 1839), which in a certain context of vulnerability appears very disordered. The concept of vulnerability has been studied by different disciplines. In what interests us, we will focus on economic and legal vulnerability
El crédito tributario en el concurso de acreedores. Especial mención a la contribución inmobiliaria
Full text linkEn este escrito realizamos una lectura coordinada de los artículos 114, 177 y 254 de la Ley 18.387, de 23 de octubre, de Declaración del Concurso y Reorganización Empresarial con dos objetivos: de un lado, entender la posición del Estado y de los Gobiernos Departamentales respecto al cobro de las obligaciones tributarias en el concurso de acreedores; de otro lado, explicar el régimen aplicable al comprador de bienes tendente a exone‐
rarlo de tributos de modo de facilitar la adquisición en la liquidación concursal. Finalmente, dado que algunos Gobiernos Departamentales pretenden el cobro de la contribución inmobiliaria no satisfecha al comprador del bien, se hace necesario detenerse en este tributo en particular para dejar en claro el alcance del derecho del Estado en el concurso de acreedores.In this paper we carry out a coordinated reading of articles 114, 177 and 254 of Law 18,387, of October 23, on Declaration of Bankruptcy and Business Reorganization. with two objectives: on the one hand, understand the position of the State and the Departmental Governments regarding the collection of tax obligations in bankruptcy; on the other hand, explain the regime applicable to the buyer of goods tending to exempt him from taxes in order to facilitate the acquisition in the bankruptcy liquidation. Finally, given that some Departmental Governments seek to collect the unsatisfied real estate tax from the buyer of the property, it is necessary to focus on this particular tax to make clear the scope of the State's right in bankruptcy.with two objectives: on the one hand, understand the position of the State and the Departmental Governments regarding the collection of tax obligations in bankruptcy; on the other hand, explain the regime applicable to the buyer of goods tending to exempt him from taxes in order to facilitate the acquisition in the bankruptcy liquidation. Finally, given that some Departmental Governments seek to collect the unsatisfied real estate tax from the buyer of the property, it is necessary to focus on this particular tax to make clear the scope of the State's right in bankruptcy
Âmbito de aplicação e eficácia da Lei dos Contratos de Seguros do Uruguai
Full text linkEl Parlamento uruguayo ha sancionado la Ley 19.678/2018, de 26 de octubre, de Contratos de Seguros (LCS) derogando los artículos 634 a 699, 1327 y 1423 a 1432 del Código de Comercio (CCom).
En este trabajo analizamos los dos primeros artículos de la nueva Ley, disposiciones que tratan el ámbito objetivo y subjetivo de validez. El artículo primero realiza, asimismo, una declaración de orden público, cuestión que hace a la eficacia de la norma. Ámbitos de validez y eficacia, resultan, pues, aspectos inescindibles que ameritan un estudio conjunto.The Uruguayan Parliament has passed Law 19678 / 2018, of October 26, on Insurances Contracts (LCS) repealing articles 634 to 699, 1327 and 1423 to 1432 of the Commercial Code (CCom).In this paper we analyze the first two articles of the new Law, provisions that deal with the objective and subjective scope of validity. Article 1 also makes a declaration of public order, an issue that makes the effectiveness of the rule. Scope of validity and effectiveness, are, therefore, inseparable aspects that merit a joint study.O Parlamento uruguaio sancionou a Lei 19.678/2018, de 26 de outubro, do Contrato de Seguro (LCS) que revoga as arts. 634 a 699, 1.327 e 1.423 a 1.432 do Código Comercial (CCom).
Neste trabalho, analisamos os dois primeiros artigos da nova lei, disposições que tratam do escopo de validade objetivo e subjetivo. O artigo1 também faz uma declaração de ordem pública, uma questão que faz a efetividade da regra. Escopo de validade e eficácia, são, portanto, aspetos inseparáveis que merecem um estudo conjunto
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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