169,375 research outputs found
Nutrition, metabolism and cardiovascular diseases
No full textNutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases is a forum designed to focus on the powerful interplay between nutritional and metabolic alterations, and cardiovascular disorders. It aims to be a highly qualified tool to help refine strategies against the nutrition-related epidemics of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. By presenting original clinical and experimental findings, it introduces readers and authors into a rapidly developing area of clinical and preventive medicine, including also vascular biology. Of particular concern are the origins, the mechanisms and the means to prevent and control diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other nutrition-related diseases
Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies
No full textBACKGROUND: Guidelines differ about the value of assessment of adiposity measures for cardiovascular disease risk prediction when information is available for other risk factors. We studied the separate and combined associations of body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio with risk of first-onset cardiovascular disease. METHODS: We used individual records from 58 cohorts to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) per 1 SD higher baseline values (4.56 kg/m(2) higher BMI, 12.6 cm higher waist circumference, and 0.083 higher waist-to-hip ratio) and measures of risk discrimination and reclassification. Serial adiposity assessments were used to calculate regression dilution ratios. RESULTS: Individual records were available for 221,934 people in 17 countries (14,297 incident cardiovascular disease outcomes; 1.87 million person-years at risk). Serial adiposity assessments were made in up to 63,821 people (mean interval 5.7 years [SD 3.9]). In people with BMI of 20 kg/m(2) or higher, HRs for cardiovascular disease were 1.23 (95% CI 1.17-1.29) with BMI, 1.27 (1.20-1.33) with waist circumference, and 1.25 (1.19-1.31) with waist-to-hip ratio, after adjustment for age, sex, and smoking status. After further adjustment for baseline systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total and HDL cholesterol, corresponding HRs were 1.07 (1.03-1.11) with BMI, 1.10 (1.05-1.14) with waist circumference, and 1.12 (1.08-1.15) with waist-to-hip ratio. Addition of information on BMI, waist circumference, or waist-to-hip ratio to a cardiovascular disease risk prediction model containing conventional risk factors did not importantly improve risk discrimination (C-index changes of -0.0001, -0.0001, and 0.0008, respectively), nor classification of participants to categories of predicted 10-year risk (net reclassification improvement -0.19%, -0.05%, and -0.05%, respectively). Findings were similar when adiposity measures were considered in combination. Reproducibility was greater for BMI (regression dilution ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97) than for waist circumference (0.86, 0.83-0.89) or waist-to-hip ratio (0.63, 0.57-0.70). INTERPRETATION: BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio, whether assessed singly or in combination, do not importantly improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction in people in developed countries when additional information is available for systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and lipids. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation and UK Medical Research Council
Cancer, Reproductive, Cardiovascular, and Other Chronic Disease Prevention Program PPOP [2020]
No full textThe Cancer, Reproductive, Cardiovascular, and Other Chronic Disease Prevention Program provides leadership in preventing work-related diseases related to many types of cancer, reproductive health, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as occupational neurologic and renal diseases. This snapshot shows recent accomplishments and upcoming work
Cardiovascular Diseases: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Factsheet
No full textIn 2009, there were an estimated 4 million visits to nonfederally employed, office-based physicians specializing in cardiovascular diseases in the United States. More than half of he visits were made by persons 65 ears of age and over.NAMCS Factsheet for Cardiovascular Diseases (2009)NAMCS(FS)-1 (7-11)Publication date from document properties.NAMCS_Factsheet_CD_2009.pd
C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, and Cardiovascular Disease Prediction
No full textBACKGROUND: There is debate about the value of assessing levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other biomarkers of inflammation for the prediction of first cardiovascular events. METHODS: We analyzed data from 52 prospective studies that included 246,669 participants without a history of cardiovascular disease to investigate the value of adding CRP or fibrinogen levels to conventional risk factors for the prediction of cardiovascular risk. We calculated measures of discrimination and reclassification during follow-up and modeled the clinical implications of initiation of statin therapy after the assessment of CRP or fibrinogen. RESULTS: The addition of information on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to a prognostic model for cardiovascular disease that included age, sex, smoking status, blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total cholesterol level increased the C-index, a measure of risk discrimination, by 0.0050. The further addition to this model of information on CRP or fibrinogen increased the C-index by 0.0039 and 0.0027, respectively (P<0.001), and yielded a net reclassification improvement of 1.52% and 0.83%, respectively, for the predicted 10-year risk categories of "low" (<10%), "intermediate" (10% to <20%), and "high" (≥20%) (P<0.02 for both comparisons). We estimated that among 100,000 adults 40 years of age or older, 15,025 persons would initially be classified as being at intermediate risk for a cardiovascular event if conventional risk factors alone were used to calculate risk. Assuming that statin therapy would be initiated in accordance with Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines (i.e., for persons with a predicted risk of ≥20% and for those with certain other risk factors, such as diabetes, irrespective of their 10-year predicted risk), additional targeted assessment of CRP or fibrinogen levels in the 13,199 remaining participants at intermediate risk could help prevent approximately 30 additional cardiovascular events over the course of 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: In a study of people without known cardiovascular disease, we estimated that under current treatment guidelines, assessment of the CRP or fibrinogen level in people at intermediate risk for a cardiovascular event could help prevent one additional event over a period of 10 years for every 400 to 500 people screened. (Funded by the British Heart Foundation and others.)
Community prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases : report of a WHO expert committee, Geneva, 10 - 17 December 1984
No full textONLINEWHO/CVD/85.2. Unpublished46 p
The epidemiology and burden of cardiovascular diseases in countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
No full textBACKGROUND: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has undergone substantial epidemiological changes over the past three decades, characterised by a growing burden of cardiovascular disease. This study provides an epidemiological overview of cardiovascular diseases across ASEAN. METHODS: As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021, we assessed the prevalence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of 12 cardiovascular diseases, stratified by age, sex, and location, for ten ASEAN member states (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam) from 1990 to 2021. We examined the contribution of major risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Diverse data sources and meta-analytical modelling techniques were used to synthesise data and generate consistent estimates for each metric. FINDINGS: In 2021, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval 34·4-38·8) prevalent cases of cardiovascular disease and 1·66 million (1·51-1·80) cardiovascular disease deaths across ASEAN. The total number of DALYs was 42·4 million (38·4-46·2), making cardiovascular disease the leading cause of disease burden in the region. Compared with 1990, the number of individuals with cardiovascular disease has increased by 148·1% (144·0-152·5), whereas the age-standardised prevalence rate rose by 2·5% (1·4-3·6). The highest age-standardised prevalence rate was in Malaysia, followed by Indonesia. The top three leading cardiovascular diseases with the highest age-standardised prevalence rates were ischaemic heart disease (2070·6 [1831·3-2358·2] per 100 000 people), lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (1380·8 [1189·8-1598·7] per 100 000 people), and stroke (1300·6 [1230·5-1375·4] per 100 000 people). The age-standardised mortality rate was highest in Laos (410·9 deaths [337·2-485·9] per 100 000 people). Most cardiovascular disease burden was attributed to high systolic blood pressure, dietary risks, air pollution, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and tobacco use, with high BMI and high fasting plasma glucose rapidly rising as attributive factors. INTERPRETATION: Cardiovascular disease remained the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in ASEAN in 2021. The number of individuals with cardiovascular disease is expected to rise with an ageing population and socioeconomic advancement. Given the disparities across ASEAN, interventions must be tailored at all levels to address the needs in prevention, treatment, and management. FUNDING: The Gates Foundation
Pharmacotherapy and Dieto-therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases with Emphasis on Hyperlipidemia.
No full textThe Pharmacotherapy and Dieto-therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases with emphasis on Hyperlipidemia.LBgyógyszerészangolBSc/B
Cardiovascular Risk Factors
No full textCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world. Although more effective treatments are being developed, due to the increased life span, more prevalent risk factors and the developing trend in lower income countries, the incidence of cardiovascular disease will continue to grow. The consequences of this result in a productivity loss, as well as a large economic burden. Because of the sudden onset of many cardiovascular events, the patients are often not able to receive medical attention in time for proper treatment. This has made it evident that
prevention is a key tool in reducing mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular diseases in the population.általános orvosangolegységes, osztatla
Inflammatory Myocardial Diseases
No full textThis book provides a comprehensive review of inflammatory myocardial diseases. It is organized into three sections: (1) Pathobiology of Myocardial Inflammatory Diseases; (2) Imaging for Inflammatory Myocardial Diseases; and (3) Interventions for Inflammatory Myocardial Diseases. Chapters address topics including inflammatory diseases in rheumatological patients; acute and recurrent pediatric pericarditis; clinical detection methods; imaging methods, including cardiac magnetic resonance in scleroderma; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for fulminant myocarditis complicated with cardiogenic shock and surgical interventions. This volume is suitable for the generalist interested in cardiovascular pathology as part of undergraduate or postgraduate study and those with advanced knowledge of inflammatory myocardial diseases
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