869 research outputs found
Early outcomes and complications following cardiac surgery in patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019: An international cohort study
No full textThe outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) in December 2019 represented a global
emergency accounting for more than 2.5 million deaths
worldwide.1 It has had an unprecedented influence on
cardiac surgery internationally, resulting in cautious
delivery of surgery and restructuring of services.2
Understanding the influence of COVID-19 on patients after
cardiac surgery is based on assumptions from other surgical
specialties and single-center studies.
The COVIDSurg Collaborative conducted a multicenter
cohort study, including 1128 patients, across 235 hospitals,
from 24 countries demonstrating perioperative COVID-19
infection was associated with an overall mortality of 24%
and postoperative pulmonary complications in half of all
patients.3 Cardiac surgery arguably represents a higher
risk population than general or orthopedic surgery due to
the high American Society of Anesthesiologists grades
and multiple comorbidities usually seen. We present a
subgroup analysis of COVIDSurg data, including patients
who underwent cardiac surgery between March 1, 2020,
and July 31, 2020, across 13 countries, with a confirmed
perioperative (7 days preoperative up to 30 days
postoperative) diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. This is
presented in accordance with the Strengthening the
Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology
statement for cohort studies.4 Categorical variables were
expressed as frequency and percentages and c2 or Fisher
exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Only
anonymized data were collected. Patient consent was
obtained unless it was waived by local research committees.
In the United Kingdom, the study was registered at each site
as either a clinical audit or service evaluation and consent
was waived. In other countries, local investigators were
responsible for contacting research ethics committees to
obtain local or national approvals in line with applicable
regulations
Co-authorship Network of Scientometrics Research Collaboration
No full textThis paper examines the co-authorship network in the field of scientometrics using social network analysis techniques with the aim of developing an understanding of research collaboration in this scientific community. Using co-authorship data from 3125 articles published in the journal Scientometrics with a time span of more than three decades (1980-2012), we construct an evolving co-authorship network and calculate three centrality measures (closeness, betweenness, and degree) for 3024 authors, 1207 institutions, 68 countries and 22 academic fields in this network. This paper also discusses the usability of centrality measures in author ranking, and suggests that centrality measures can be useful indicators for impact analysis. Findings revealed that scientometrics was not dominated by a couple of key researchers as quite a significant number of popular researchers were identified. The United States occupies the topmost position in all measures except for degree centrality. The most active, central and collaborative academic discipline in scientometrics is Information & Library Science
Early outcomes and complications following cardiac surgery in patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019: An international cohort study.
No full textsponsorship: British Heart Foundation|CH/12/1/29419, British Heart Foundation|CH/17/1/32804status: Publishe
Interplay between network configurations and network governance mechanisms in supply networks a systematic literature review
No full textPurpose: This work systematically reviews the extant academic management literature on supply networks. It specifically examines how network configurations and network governance mechanisms influence each other in supply networks.
Design: 125 analytical and empirical studies were identified using an evidence-based approach to review the literature mainly published between 1985 and 2012.
Synthesis: Drawing on a multi-disciplinary theoretical foundation, this work develops an integrative framework to identify three distinct yet interdependent themes that characterize the study of supply networks: a) Network Configurations (structures and relationships); b) Network Governance Mechanisms (formal and informal); and c) The Interplay between Network Configurations and Network Governance Mechanisms.
Findings: Network configurations and network governance mechanisms mutually influence each other and cannot be considered in isolation. Formal and informal governance mechanisms provide better control when used as complements rather than as substitutes. The choice of governance mechanism depends on the nature of exchange; role of management; desired level of control; level of flexibility in formal contracts; and complementary role of formal and informal governance mechanism.
Research implications: This nascent field has thematic and methodological research opportunities for academics. Comparative network analysis using longitudinal case studies offers a rich area for further study.
Practical Implications: The complexity surrounding the conflicting roles of managers at the organisation and network levels poses a significant challenge during the development and implementation stage of strategic network policies.
Originality/value: This review reveals that formal and informal governance mechanisms provide better control when used as complements rather than as substitutes
Perceptions of Interdisciplinary Learning: A qualitative approach
No full textDespite the fact that interdisciplinarity is on top of the agenda at many higher education institutions, there are few practical guidelines on which to build interdisciplinary engineering curricula. This study focused on how interdisciplinarity is perceived at TU Delft, which interdisciplinary skills are assessed in these programmes, how these are assessed and how they relate to the interdisciplinary problem being addressed. Results indicate that the perception of interdisciplinarity varies thereby influencing programme design. Communication and collaboration skills are important interdisciplinary skills. Assessment of these skills seem in its infancy. We may conclude that interdisciplinarity seems only occasionally to be a systemic endeavour due to different interpretations of interdisciplinary education itself and subsequently the knowledge of how to design interdisciplinary education.Teaching & Learning ServicesProject AdministrationSpatial Planning and Strateg
Early outcomes and complications following cardiac surgery in patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019: An international cohort study
No full textThe outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 represented a global emergency accounting for more than 2.5 million deaths worldwide.1 It has had an unprecedented influence on cardiac surgery internationally, resulting in cautious delivery of surgery and restructuring of services.2 Understanding the influence of COVID-19 on patients after cardiac surgery is based on assumptions from other surgical specialties and single-center studies.Depto. de CirugíaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu
Assessing Research Collaboration through Co-authorship Network Analysis
No full textThis is the final version. Available from Society of Research Administrators International via the link in this recordMaterial used with permission from Society of Research Administrators InternationalInterdisciplinary research collaboration is needed to perform transformative science and accelerate innovation. The Science of Team Science strives to investigate, evaluate, and foster team science, including institutional policies that may promote or hinder collaborative interdisciplinary research and the resources and infrastructure needed to promote team science within and across institutions. Social network analysis (SNA) has emerged as a useful method to measure interdisciplinary science through the evaluation of several types of collaboration networks, including co-authorship networks. Likewise, research administrators are responsible for conducting rigorous evaluation of policies and initiatives. Within this paper, we present a case study using SNA to evaluate interprogrammatic collaboration (evidenced by co-authoring scientific papers) from 2007-2014 among scientists who are members of four formal research programs at an NCI-designated Cancer Center, the Markey Cancer Center (MCC) at the University of Kentucky. We evaluate change in network descriptives over time and implement separable temporal exponential-family random graph models (STERGMs) to estimate the effect of author and network variables on the tendency to form a co-authorship tie. We measure the diversity of the articles published over time (Blau's Index) to understand whether the changes in the co-authorship network are reflected in the diversity of articles published by research members. Over the 8-year period, we found increased inter-programmatic collaboration among research members as evidenced by co-authorship of published scientific papers. Over time, MCC Members collaborated more with others outside of their research program and outside their initial dense co-authorship groups, however tie formation continues to be driven by co-authoring with individuals of the same research program and academic department. Papers increased in diversity over time on all measures with the exception of author gender. This inter-programmatic research was fostered by policy changes in cancer center administration encouraging interdisciplinary research through both informal (e.g., annual retreats, seminar series) and formal (e.g., requiring investigators from more than two research programs on applications for pilot funding) means. Within this cancer center, interdisciplinary co-authorship increased over time as policies encouraging this collaboration were implemented. Yet, there is room for improvement in creating more interdisciplinary and diverse ties between research program members.This research was supported by the Research Communications Office as well as the Biostatistics
and Bioinformatics and the Cancer Research Informatics Shared Resources of the University
of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, funded by the National Cancer Institute Cancer Center
Support Grant (P30CA177558). Dr. Eddens’ contribution was supported in part by a Building
Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health grant (#K12 DA035150) from the Office of
Women’s Health Research, administered by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the
College of Medicine, University of Kentucky. Dr. Vanderford is supported
by the University of Kentucky’s Cancer Center Support Grant (NCI P30CA177558) and the
Center for Cancer and Metabolism (NIGMS P20GM121327)
Bibliometric cartography of information retrieval research by using co-word analysis
No full textThe aim of this study is to map the intellectual structure of the field of Information Retrieval (IR) during the period of 1987-1997. Co-word analysis was employed to reveal patterns and trends in the IR field by measuring the association strengths of terms representative of relevant publications or other texts produced in IR field. Data were collected from Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) for the period of 1987-1997. In addition to the keywords added by the SCI and SSCI databases, other important keywords were extracted from titles and abstracts manually. These keywords were further standardized using vocabulary control tools. In order to trace the dynamic changes of the IR field, the whole 11-year period was further separated into two consecutive periods: 1987-1991 and 1992-1997. The results show that the IR field has some established research themes and it also changes rapidly to embrace new themes
Early outcomes and complications following cardiac surgery in patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019: An international cohort study
No full textPostoperative COVID-19 infection is associated with increased mortality and respiratory complications highlighting the importance of shielding of patients, caregivers, and relatives
A Connectionist and Multivariate Approach to Science Maps: Som, Clustering and Mds Applied to Library & Information Science Research.
No full textThe visualization of scientific field structures is a classic of scientometric studies. This paper presents a domain analysis of the library and information science discipline based on author co-citation analysis (ACA) and journal cocitation analysis (JCA). The techniques used for map construction are the self-organizing map (SOM) neural
algorithm, Ward’s clustering method and multidimensional
scaling (MDS). The results of this study are compared with
similar research developed by Howard White and Katherine
McCain [1]. The methodologies used allow us to confirm that
the subject domains identified in this paper are, as well,
present in our study for the corresponding period. The appearance of studies pertaining to library science reveals
the relationship of this realm with information science.
Especially significant is the presence of the management on the journal maps. From a methodological standpoint, meanwhile, we would agree with those authors who consider
MDS, the SOM and clustering as complementary methods
that provide representations of the same reality from different analytical points of view. Even so, the MDS representation is the one offering greater possibilities for the structural representation of the clusters in a set of variables
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