63,054 research outputs found
FIGURE 5 in Pseudoscopas carbonelli n. sp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) from southern Brazil, including chromosome complement
No full textFIGURE 5. Male meiotic chromosomes of Pseudoscopas carbonelli n.sp. (A) Karyotype composed by metaphase II chromosomes; (B) Metaphase I; (C) Diplotene with the X and megameric (M) chomosomes, both positive heteropicnotics; (D) Metaphase I, with the univalent X moved to one of the poles of the cell; (E) Metaphase II, with the chromosome classification. Conventions: L-large, ML-medium large, M-medium, S-small.Published as part of Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Timm, Vítor Falchi, Demari, Christian Peter, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva & Zefa, Edison, 2021, Pseudoscopas carbonelli n. sp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) from southern Brazil, including chromosome complement, pp. 127-140 in Zootaxa 4975 (1) on page 132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4975.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/480527
Relapsing bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia and chronic sarcoidosisin an atopic asthmatic patient.
No full textIgG and IgE Autoantibodies to IgE Receptors in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Their Role in the Response to Omalizumab
No full textBackground: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as the recurrence of unprovoked transient wheals and itch for more than 6 weeks. Currently, there is an unmet need concerning response prediction in CSU. The present study investigated biomarkers of type I and type IIb autoimmunity as potential predictors of response to omalizumab in CSU. Materials and methods: Differences in levels of IgG and IgE autoantibodies targeting the high- and low-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI and FcεRII, respectively), as well as spontaneous and specifically triggered leukotriene C (LTC)4 release by basophils from the investigated subjects, were evaluated in 18 consecutive, prospectively enrolled CSU patients and 18 age- and sex-matched, healthy non-atopic controls. Results: The patients with CSU had higher levels of anti-FcεRI IgE (542 (386.25–776.5) vs. 375 (355–418), optical density (OD), p = 0.008), and IgG (297 (214.5–431.25) vs. 193.5 (118–275) OD, p = 0.004) autoantibodies relative to the controls. Simultaneous anti-FcεRI IgG and IgE positivity (i.e., both autoantibody levels above the respective cut-offs) was recorded only in late- and non-responders (3/8 and 1/2, respectively). Discussion: Significantly higher anti-FcεRI IgE autoantibody levels were found in the CSU patients as compared to the controls, supporting FcεRI as an autoallergic target of IgE (autoallergen) in the complex pathophysiological scenario of CSU. The co-occurrence of anti-FcεRI IgG and IgE autoantibodies was documented only in late- and non-responders, but not in early ones, crediting the co-existence of autoimmune and autoallergic mechanisms as a driver of late/poor response to omalizumab
Therapeutic Options in Hereditary Optic Neuropathies
No full textOptions for the effective treatment of hereditary optic neuropathies have been a long time coming. The successful launch of the antioxidant idebenone for Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), followed by its introduction into clinical practice across Europe, was an important step forward. Nevertheless, other options, especially for a variety of mitochondrial optic neuropathies such as dominant optic atrophy (DOA), are needed, and a number of pharmaceutical agents, acting on different molecular pathways, are currently under development. These include gene therapy, which has reached Phase III development for LHON, but is expected to be developed also for DOA, whilst most of the other agents (other antioxidants, anti-apoptotic drugs, activators of mitobiogenesis, etc.) are almost all at Phase II or at preclinical stage of research. Here, we review proposed target mechanisms, preclinical evidence, available clinical trials with primary endpoints and results, of a wide range of tested molecules, to give an overview of the field, also providing the landscape of future scenarios, including gene therapy, gene editing, and reproductive options to prevent transmission of mitochondrial DNA mutations
Culicoides carbonelli Spinelli & Martinez 2021, n. sp.
No full textCulicoides carbonelli Spinelli & Martinez n. sp. (Figs. 1–6) Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of the eublepharus species group with the following combination of characters: antennal ratio 1.19; sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1, 8–10; two separated poststigmatic pale spots in cell r 3; cell m 2 with faint pale spot posterior to medial fork and rounded pale spot narrowly separated from wing margin in apex of cell, without pale spot anterior to cubital fork; anal cell with one distal pale spot; macrotrichia present on distal half of wing and in anal cell, absent in base of m 2; two ovoid spermathecae. Male unknown. Female. Head (Fig. 1) dark brown. Eyes bare, separated by distance equal to the length of one ommatidia. Flagellum brown; flagellomeres 2–8 vasiform, 9 bottle-shaped, 10–13 elongate, 13 longest; AR 1.19; sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1, 8–10. Palpus (Fig. 2) brown, segment 3 slightly swollen on midportion, with deep subapical pit; PR 2.20; P/H ratio 0.84. Mandible with 11 teeth. Thorax (Fig. 3). Scutum uniformly dark brown; scutellum slightly paler, damaged, apparently with 3 large, 3 small setae. Legs dark brown; forefemur with subapical pale ring (distal portion of midfemur missing); fore-, hind tibiae with subbasal pale rings (midtibia missing), broad apex of hind tibia pale; hind tibial comb with four spines, first from spur longest. Wing (Fig. 4) length 0.97 mm; width 0.46 mm; CR 0.58; second radial cell, distal third of first radial cell in dark spot; pale spot over r-m crossvein narrowly abutting wing margin; two separated poststigmatic pale spots in r 3, posterior one slightly larger and proximad of anterior one; distal pale spot in r 3 rounded, not abutting anterior wing margin; m 1 with two oval pale spots, distal one separated from wing margin; m 2 with faint pale spot posterior to medial fork, rounded pale spot narrowly separated from wing margin in apex of cell, without pale spot anterior to cubital fork; cua 1 with rounded pale spot abutting wing margin; anal cell with one distal pale spot. Macrotrichia moderately dense on distal half of wing, present also in anal cell, absent in base of m 2. Halter brown. Abdomen (Fig. 5). Dark brown. Two ovoid, lightly sclerotized, subequal spermathecae with long, slender necks (Fig. 6), measuring 44 by 36 μm, necks 16 μm; rudimentary third, ring present. Male. Unknown. Type data and depository. “ Holotype female, Uruguay, Rocha, Bañado Potrero Grande, 10 km N Laguna Negra, 34°65’00’’S, 53º55’00’’W, 16-III-1995, M. E. Martínez ” (MLPA). Distribution. Uruguay, known only from the type-locality, a coastal pond located in southeastern Uruguay. The pond presents fluctuations, with periods flooded with a maximum depth of 1.30 m, and periods when it dries completely. The PH is slightly acidic to neutral (5.0–7.0). The topography of the area is flat, with soils that are difficult to drain; the natural grassland nuanced with palm groves and grasslands is the predominant vegetation, also highlighting extensive areas of native forest (Verdi 2000). Etymology. This species is named in memory of the Uruguayan entomologist Carlos Carbonell, who recently died, in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the knowledge of the entomofauna of Uruguay and particularly that of Orthoptera. Taxonomic discussion. This species belongs to the eublepharus species group. The females of this group includes medium-sized brownish species, and they can be recognized by the sensilla coeloconica present on flagellomeres 1, (6), (7), (8), 9–12, and by the five distal flagellomeres much elongated; wing with second radial cell included in a very dark spot, the cell r 3 with 3 small pale spots, the 2 poststigmatic pale spots sometimes fused, the subapical pale spot in cell r 3 usually transverse, not attaining wing margin, the cell m 2 usually with only one pale spot distal to level of cubital fork; one or 2 pale spots in apex of anal cell, apices of veins dark; and one or two functional spermathecae present. The antennal sensillar pattern 1, 8–10 exhibited by C. carbonelli is unique within the species included in the eublepharus species group. Within the species included in this group that have two spermathecae, this new species has a wing pattern very similar to that of C. guarani Ronderos & Spinelli, 1994 from northwestern Argentina, particularly for the absence of a pale spot in front of the cubital fork. However, the latter species clearly shows a pale spot in cell m 2 between the cubital fork and the distal spot at wing margin, two distal pale spots in the anal cell, and the macrotrichia extending to the base of cell m 2. The antenna of this new species exhibits the most important extraalar differences in comparison with C. guarani. In the latter species the distal flagellomeres are distinctly smaller (antennal ratio 0.78) and the sensilla coeloconica are present in the flagellomeres 1, 9–12.Published as part of Spinelli, Gustavo R., Ronderos, Maria M. & Díaz, Florentina, 2021, Two new species and new records of Neotropical Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 401-410 in Zootaxa 4915 (3) on pages 402-404, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4915.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/445660
The histology of pulmonary sarcoidosis: A review with particular emphasis on unusual and underrecognized features
No full textThe pathologist is frequently involved in the diagnostic approach to the patient with suspected sarcoidosis. Although the histologic diagnosis is generally not difficult, atypical and underrecognized features may occasionally occur and may result in diagnostic problems. The authors review the histology of pulmonary sarcoidosis, focusing particularly on these unusual problematic findings
Detection and quantification of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in optic disc edema using stratus OCT.
No full textFunctional MRI study in a case of Charles Bonnet syndrome related to LHON
No full textIntroduction: Charles Bonnet syndrome is characterized by simple or complex visual hallucinations (VH) due to damage along the visual pathways. We report a functional MRI study of brain correlates of VH in the context of a severe optic atrophy in a patient with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). Case report: A 62-year-old man was diagnosed with LHON (11778/ND4 mtDNA mutation) after subacute visual loss in left eye (right eye was amblyopic). One month later, he experienced VH of a few seconds consisting in "moving red and blue miniature cartoons". One year later VH content changed in colored mosaic (10-15 s duration), usually stress-related, and blue and white flashes (2-5 s), triggered by unexpected auditory stimuli. Audiometry revealed mild sensorineural hearing loss. Three block design functional MRI paradigms were administrated: 1) random "clap", 2) "checkerboard" and 3) non-random "beep". After random "claps" simple flashes were evoked with bilateral activation of primary and secondary visual cortex, cuneus, precuneus and insula. Neither hallucinations nor cortex activation were registered after "checkerboard" stimulation, due to the severe visual impairment. Primary and secondary auditory cortices were "beep"-activated, without eliciting VH by non-random "beep". Conclusions: The peculiarity of our case is that VH were triggered by random auditory stimuli, possibly due to a cross-modal plasticity between visual and auditory networks, likely influenced by the sensorineural deafness. Functional alterations of both networks in resting conditions have been demonstrated in LHON patients, even without an auditory deficit. Finally, the absence of VH triggered by expected stimuli is consistent with the "expectation suppression theory", based on increased neural activations after unexpected but not by predicted events
Erratum to: Effect of moderate red wine intake on cardiac prognosis after recent acute myocardial infarction of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Diabetic Medicine, (2006), 23, 9, (974-981), 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01886.x)
No full textIn an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola.In an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola
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