1,720,965 research outputs found
Epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures: an electroclinical study of 69 patients.
No full textEpilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures is characterized by myoclonic-atonic, absence, tonicclonic, and eventually tonic seizures, appearing in previously normal children at ages 18-60 months. We analyzed the electroclinical features, treatment, and outcome of 69 patients with myoclonic-atonic seizures; these patients were followed between 1990 and 2012 at the Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. No structural or metabolic etiology was identified. Based on the electroclinical features and evolution, two groups could be distinguished. The first group of 39 patients with myoclonic and myoclonic-atonic seizures with or without generalized tonic-clonic seizures and absences associated with generalized spike- and polyspike-and-wave paroxysms had excellent prognoses. The second group of 30 patients had myoclonic jerks and myoclonic-atonic seizures associated with other seizure types including tonic seizures; some had myoclonic status epilepticus and cognitive deterioration. The interictal EEG showed frequent generalized spike- and polyspike-and-wave paroxysms. In 16 patients, the seizures remitted within 3.6 years. The two groups were distinguished in retrospect, when enough time had elapsed to evaluate cognitive deterioration and different seizure types. In conclusion, epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures is an epileptic syndrome with a broad clinical spectrum and variable prognosis. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Single-Epileptic Spasms with or without Hypsarrhythmia: A Study of 16 Patients
No full textObjective We evaluated the electroclinical features, etiology, treatment, and outcome of 16 patients with single-epileptic spasms (ESs) with or without hypsarrhythmia (WoH).
Methods Nine boys and seven girls had single-ESs. ESs were considered as single epileptic spasm variants when no other spasm occurred for 1 minute before and after each spasm. Age at the onset of ESs was between 2 and 84 months, with a mean age of 11 months.
Results We recognized a group of 15 patients with single-ESs as the main type of seizure; 6 patients with WoH and 9 patients with hypsarrhythmia, respectively. Nine of these 15 patients had other types of seizures before the onset of single-ESs, and 12 patients had other types of seizures during the period in which the ESs occurred. Nine of 15 patients had a structural and seven had an unknown etiology. In 10 cases, the ESs were refractory to antiepileptic drugs, while 4 patients responded well to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 1 to pyridoxine, and 2 to the ketogenic diet (KD). The remaining patient (patient.16) had single-ESs and electroclinical features of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS).
Conclusion In this article, we present a series of infants who had daily single-ESs with or WoH. Those with single-ESs with hypsarrhythmia evolved to an epileptic encephalopathy. Video-electroencephalogram (EEG) and polygraphic-EEG recordings are crucial to identify the single-ESs
Epileptic spasms in clusters with focal EEG paroxysms: A study of 12 patients
No full textOBJECTIVE: We analyzed the electroclinical features, etiology, treatment, and outcome of 12 patients with West syndrome (WS) associated with focal hypsarrhythmia (FH).
METHODS:
Between February 2005 and July 2013, 12 patients met the electroclinical diagnostic criteria of WS associated with FH. Hypsarrhythmia was considered to be focal when two or three brain lobes were involved. Patients with hemihypsarrhythmia were excluded.
RESULTS:
All patients had epileptic spasms (ES) in clusters of a structural etiology. Four had a porencephalic cyst, two had focal cortical dysplasia, two had open-lip schizencephaly, and one each had unilateral polymicrogyria, shunted hydrocephalus, glioma, and cerebral hemiatrophy. Age at ES onset was between 2 and 8 months, with a mean age of 5 and a median age of 6 months. Seven patients had asymmetric ES, three had symmetric ES, and two patients had unilateral ES. FH was seen over the posterior regions in nine and over the anterior regions in three. Ictal EEG recordings showed diffuse high-amplitude slow waves in six patients, diffuse slow waves followed by voltage attenuation in three, and diffuse fast rhythms in three others. In three patients the ictal paroxysms were unilateral. Six patients responded well to surgery.
CONCLUSION:
ES associated with FH are secondary to structural lesions. Surgery should be considered earlier in the management of this group of patients
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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