1,721,212 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Interactions between the climate and the carbon cycle at centennial-to-orbital timescales over the past 2 million years
No full textLes projections climatiques futures dépendent de notre compréhension des processus liés aux changements dans le cycle du carbone et de la manière dont ce dernier interagira avec le climat pour les siècles et les millénaires à venir. Cette thèse combine des analyses expérimentales réalisées sur de la glace Antarctique avec une synthèse des températures de surface et de la modélisation conceptuelle, permettant ainsi d’étudier l'impact des changements dans le cycle du carbone sur le climat à des échelles temporelles centennales à orbitales. Mes résultats apportent de nouvelles perspectives :(i) À l'échelle orbitale : Les causes de la Transition du Pléistocène Moyen (MPT, ~1,2 - 0,6 Ma) font l'objet d'un large débat. Basé sur un nouveau modèle conceptuel du volume global de glace, je démontre que le forçage orbital a joué un rôle clé dans le déclenchement de la MPT, combiné à un changement graduel au sein du système interne terrestre. Ces résultats soutiennent l'hypothèse qu'une diminution sur le long terme des concentrations atmosphériques de CO2 durant le Pléistocène a déclenché la MPT.(ii) À l'échelle pluri-milléniale : Obtenir une représentation complète du climat pendant les périodes chaudes nécessite de se baser sur différentes archives sur toute la surface terrestre. Ici, je présente la première synthèse de données de température de surface à l'échelle mondiale pendant le stade marin isotopique 7 (MIS 7, ~ 245-190 ka). Mes résultats montrent que (i) les intensités des deux phases chaudes du MIS 7 sont similaires sauf dans les hautes latitudes australes, (ii) les changements climatiques dans les hautes latitudes sont corrélés avec les variations des concentrations atmosphériques de CO2 et (iii) les variations de température de surface sont corrélées avec les variations de l'obliquité pendant cette période, mettant en évidence des similitudes entre le MIS 7 et les interglaciaires pré-MPT.(iii) À l'échelle pluri-centennale : Les transitions glaciaire-interglaciaire (terminaisons) sont les périodes de réchauffement global les plus importantes des 2 derniers millions d'années. Les interactions en jeu entre le cycle du carbone et le climat pendant ces intervalles restent mal contraints. Sur la base de nouvelles et anciennes mesures des concentrations de δ15N de N2 et de CO2 atmosphérique issues de la carotte EPICA Dome C, je mets en évidence un retard à l'échelle pluri-centennale de la diminution des concentrations de CO2 atmosphérique par rapport au refroidissement climatique Antarctique à la fin de quatre des cinq dernières terminaisons. Ce décalage, similaire à celui observé pendant la variabilité à l'échelle millénaire de la dernière période glaciaire, suggère que les terminaisons sont achevées par des événements milléniaux. L'analyse de la séquence d'événements à la fin de la terminaison suggère également que le renforcement d'un puits de carbone situés aux basses et moyennes latitudes pourrait avoir déterminé le moment exact de la diminution des concentrations de CO2.(iv) À l'échelle centennale : Plusieurs augmentations abruptes des concentrations atmosphériques de CO2 ont été identifiées par des mesures de l’air inclus dans la glace de l'Antarctique. En combinant un nouvel enregistrement des concentrations de CO2 atmosphérique sur la période 260-190 ka avec des enregistrements publiés, je constate que 18 des 20 événements centennaux identifiés se produisent dans un contexte d'obliquité élevée. De nouvelles simulations réalisées avec le modèle du système terrestre LOVECLIM confirment cette influence de l’obliquité et pointent vers la biosphère continentale comme source de carbone modulée par l'obliquité lors de ces événements rapides.Dans l'ensemble, mes résultats soulignent deux caractéristiques du climat du Pléistocène : (i) le rôle prédominant du forçage orbital dans les interactions entre le climat et le cycle du carbone, et (ii) une interaction forte entre les processus agissant à différentes échelles temporelles.Short- and long-term future climate projections strongly depend on our understanding of the processes related to changes in the carbon cycle and how the latter interacts with climate for the centuries to millennia to come. Past climates offer a diversity of climatic conditions that provide the necessary hindsight to explore these interactions at different time scales. My PhD work combines experimental analyses performed on Antarctic ice together with a surface temperature synthesis and conceptual modelling to investigate the impact of carbon cycle changes on the Earth’s climate at centennial-to-orbital timescales. My results provide new insights:(i) At orbital scale: The causes of the Mid-Pleistocene-Transition (MPT, ~1.2 – 0.6 Ma), during which the glacial-interglacial periodicity changed from ~40 to ~100 ka cycles are widely debated. Based on a new conceptual model of global ice volume, I demonstrate that the orbital forcing played a key role in triggering the MPT. In addition, I show that an additional gradual forcing within the Earth’s internal system is required to fully simulate the MPT. These results support the hypothesis that a long-term decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations throughout the Pleistocene triggered the MPT.(ii) At multi-millennial scale: Having a comprehensive picture of the climate during warm periods require combining climate reconstruction from various archives across the globe. Here, I present the first surface temperature data synthesis at global scale across the interglacial Marine Isotope Stage 7 (MIS 7, ~245-190 ka). My results show that (i) the intensities of the two MIS 7 warm phases are similar in magnitude apart in the southern high latitudes, (ii) the high-latitudes climatic changes are correlated with variations in the atmospheric CO2 concentrations and (iii) the surface temperature changes are correlated with the obliquity variations during this period, underlying similarities between MIS 7 and pre-MPT interglacials.(iii) At multi-centennial scale. Glacial-interglacial transitions (also referred to as terminations) are the largest global warming periods of the past 2 Ma. The interactions at play between the carbon cycle and the climate during these intervals remains not well constrained. Based on new and published records of δ15N of N2 and atmospheric CO2 concentrations measured on the air trapped in the EPICA Dome C ice core, I evidence a multi-centennial scale lag of the atmospheric CO2 concentrations decrease over the Antarctic climate cooling at the end of four of the past five terminations. This delay, similar to the one observed during the millennial-scale variability of the last glacial period, suggests that terminations are ultimately ended by millennial-scale events. The analysis of the sequence of events at the end of termination also suggests the enhancement of a mid-to-low latitude carbon sink that may constrain the exact timing of the atmospheric CO2 decrease.(iv) At centennial scale. Increases of atmospheric CO2 concentrations at a rate superior to 1.5 ppm/century have been identified in high-resolution Antarctic ice core records over the past 500 ka. Combining a new atmospheric CO2 record spanning the 260-190 ka period with published ones, I find that 18 of the 20 identified centennial-scale events occur in an orbital context of high obliquity. New simulations performed with the Earth System Model LOVECLIM support the hypothesis that the occurrence of centennial-scale carbon cycle variations is tight to the obliquity context and also point toward the continental biosphere as the obliquity-dependent source of carbon during these rapid events.Overall, my results evidence two main characteristics of the Pleistocene climate: (i) the pervasive role of the orbital forcing in the climate-carbon cycle interactions regardless of the timescale considered, and (ii) a close interplay between the processes acting at different timescales on the carbon cycle-climate interactions
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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