1,721,134 research outputs found
GENETICS, ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUES: HUMAN GENOME MAPPING, GENETIC SCREENING AND GENE THERAPY
No full textETHICS AND HUMAN VALUES IN FAMILY PLANNING: CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS, PAPERS AND DISCUSSION
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
For Them Rather Than by Them
No full textWhen we do not know what forms of life support patients want and for
how long, should we presume that they want all available means to keep them
alive? If not, under what circumstances should we presume the opposite? And
to the extent that using (or not using) certain methods of life support are
permissible but not obligatory, who ought to decide when to treat and when not
to? With the dispersion of high-technology medicine around the world, the
tension among autonomy, beneficence, and sanctity of life that occurs every
day in hospitals spills over ever more frequently into courts and legislatures
as well. In the United States, lawmakers have shown great enthusiasm over the
past decade for advance directives; forty-seven states now have legislation
authorizing instructional directives, such as living wills, and forty-eight
have laws on proxy directives, such as durable powers of attorney for health
care. Yet relatively little is known about directives' actual efficacy or
about how to ensure that decisions made pursuant to them best serve the
interests or the wishes of the people who execute them. Two recent events --
one in New Zealand and the other in Oregon -- mark a new direction in this
area
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