1,721,038 research outputs found
Use of interleukin-2 in the management of haematological malignancies: focus on minimal residual disease. Mandelli F, Capria S, Vignetti M, Meloni G.
No full textInterleukin (IL)-2 is a glycoprotein lymphokine which induces proliferation of all subclasses of T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells and lymphokine activated killer cells, differentiation of cytotoxic cells and secretion of other cytokines, especially interferon-gamma. A fundamental property of IL-2 activated effector cells is to selectively lyse freshly isolated tumour cells. Work carried out on animal tumour models and application in human therapeutics has suggested the potential value of an immunotherapeutic approach in haematological malignancies, especially in the setting of minimal residual disease. Extensive phase I/II trials have been conducted in all haematological diseases, but the most interesting results have been obtained in acute myeloid leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, where the possibility of achieving partial and complete responses in patients with advanced disease has been reported. The feasibility and immunomodulatory effects of IL-2 treatment in patients with minimal residual disease after high-dose chemotherapy have also been explored. However, the heterogeneity of cases treated and administration schedules used does not allow definitive conclusions to be drawn about the true impact of IL-2 treatment on the prognosis of these patients. The clearly encouraging results reported in the literature deserve further investigation from a biological and clinical point of view; until the role of IL-2 in haematological malignancies has been identified, it should be used only in the investigative setting of clinical trials
Blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia in long-lasting systemic lupus erythematosus: regression of both diseases after autologous bone marrow transplantation.
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Combined angiography and perfusion using radial imaging and arterial spin labeling with structural contrast
Full text linkPurpose: To develop a non‐contrast MRI method for the simultaneous acquisition of time‐resolved 3D angiographic, perfusion, and multi‐contrast T1‐weighted structural brain images in a single 6 min acquisition. Methods: The proposed combined angiography and perfusion using radial imaging and arterial spin labeling with structural contrast (CAPRIA+S) pulse sequence uses pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling to label inflowing blood, an inversion pulse to provide background suppression and T1‐weighted contrast, and a continuous 3D golden ratio spoiled gradient echo readout. Label‐control subtraction isolates the blood signal which can be flexibly reconstructed at high/low spatiotemporal resolution for angiography/perfusion imaging. The mean signal retains the static tissue, allowing T1‐weighted structural images to be reconstructed at different effective TIs. CAPRIA+S was compared with conventional time‐of‐flight angiography, 3D‐gradient and spin echo pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging, and MPRAGE structural imaging (10 min total) in healthy volunteers. Results: CAPRIA+S gave improved distal vessel visibility and fewer artifacts than time‐of‐flight angiography, while also providing dynamic information, with blood transit time and dispersion maps. CAPRIA+S perfusion images were comparable to 3D‐gradient and spin echo data but without through‐slice blurring or artifacts in inferior brain regions. Comparable quantitative cerebral blood flow maps were produced, with CAPRIA+S being significantly more repeatable. Structural CAPRIA+S images were comparable to MPRAGE but also yielded a range of T1‐weighted contrasts and allowed quantitative T1 maps to be estimated. Conclusion: CAPRIA+S is an efficient single acquisition to provide intrinsically co‐registered quantitative information about brain blood flow and structure that has considerable advantages over conventional methods
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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