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Prenatal drug exposure as maltreatment condition. A single case from pregnancy to 24 month of child's life [L'esposizione prenatale alle droghe come forma di maltrattamento. Un caso singolo dalla gravidanza ai 24 mesi di vita del bambino]
No full textI recenti studi sugli addicted babies (bambini nati con dipendenza da sostanze psicotro- pe in quanto figli di donne tossicodipendenti) mostrano come l’esposizione precoce alle sostanze possa essere, a tutti gli effetti, una forma di maltrattamento precoce tale da cau- sare disarmonie sostanziali, a breve e a lungo termine, nello sviluppo dei bambini. Il presente articolo, attraverso la presentazione di un caso singolo, indaga le traiettorie di sviluppo di un bambino che è stato esposto in utero a sostanze e ad altre condizioni di rischio, residente con la madre in una comunità terapeutica per madri e bambini. Lo stu- dio ha previsto due rilevazioni, a 12 mesi e a 24 mesi, delle competenze evolutive e af- fettivo-relazionali del bambino. I dati mostrano l’emergere di un profilo evolutivo di- sarmonico nel bambino e di manifestazioni sintomatologiche che, a distanza, sembrano specificamente connesse alla condizione di rischio bio-psico-sociale esperita prima della nascita e a fattori familiari e contestuali di vulnerabilità presenti anche successivamente.
Parole chiave: addicted babies, maltrattamento infantile, madri tossicodipendenti, inte- razioni precoci madre-bambino, comunità madre tossicodipendente-bambino
Madri tossicodipendenti: attaccamento, personalita’, trattamenti possibili
No full textIntroduzione
Attualmente il costrutto dell’attaccamento risulta sempre più impiegato per la comprensione dell’eziologia, la diagnosi e il trattamento di molti disordini di personalità, come la patologia borderline associata all’uso di sostanze stupefacenti (Fonagy et al. 1995, 1996; Diamond et al. 1999; Levy 2005; Johnson et al. 2006; Bradley, Westen, 2005). Alcuni studi hanno suggerito infatti che la qualità dell’attaccamento costituisca un indice predittivo delle patologie del sé e delle relazioni oggettuali, nonché prospettive sui possibili cambiamenti nel corso della psicoterapia. Le ricerche cliniche (Rosenstein, Horowitz, 1996; Cole-Detke, Kobak, 1996; Patrik, Hobson, 1994) suggeriscono che alcuni disordini “externalizing” (come il disturbo da dipendenza di sostanze) siano associati con uno stato mentale Distanziante (Ds), mentre i disordini “internalizing” (come il disturbo borderline) siano associati con gli stati Coinvolti (E). Oltre alle connessioni con l’eziopatogenesi del disturbo, lo studio delle rappresentazioni dell’attaccamento risulta utile per il trattamento (Liotti, 2000), in quanto è difficile l’intervento con pazienti con caratteristiche di paura delle relazioni associata con una compromissione della capacità di mentalizzazione (Allen, 2001). In questa prospettiva il lavoro costituisce uno studio esplorativo volto ad approfondire le caratteristiche diagnostico-cliniche di madri tossicodipendenti, allo scopo di comprendere le possibili interconnessioni tra: la dipendenza da sostanze, la presenza di attaccamento insicuro e di lutti o traumi non risolti e l’organizzazione patologica della personalità.
Metodo
La ricerca ha coinvolto 10 donne, madri, residenti in Comunità terapeutica con i loro bambini. Nella fase di valutazione diagnostica sono stati somministrati: l’Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, Main, 1985) per la valutazione della qualità delle rappresentazioni di attaccamento; il test di Rorschach e la Structured Clinical Interwiew for DSM-IV (SCID-II) per la diagnosi di personalità.
Risultati
Una prima lettura dei dati evidenzia una prevalenza di rappresentazioni di attaccamento insicure costruite in seguito a esperienze non protettive e/o pericolose nell’infanzia. Sono comuni lutti e traumi ripetuti spesso riattivati e non ancora risolti nel momento attuale. I dati relativi alle connessioni con la struttura di personalità sono ancora in elaborazione e contribuiranno a fornire possibili indicazioni legate all’intervento individuale e relativamente allo svolgimento della funzione genitoriale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Interactive features in 0-3 years children exposed to substances in utero.
Full text linkIntroduction: Several studies suggest that children of addicted mothers are a population characterized by structural and somatic changes in development and by cognitive and affective symptoms. Despite the amount of studies on the detrimental effects of substance-exposure on child development, outcomes are still inconsistent particularly on the early interactive-relational development.
Method The research aims to evaluate and monitor the interactive-relational development of children born from drug-addicted mothers from 3th to 24th month of child’s life. The main goal is to identify specific developmental pathways of these children in order to organize the intervention strategies. In this direction, from July 2012 to October 2013, 20 mother-child dyads were observed every three months using the Emotional Availability Scales (Biringen, et al., 1998) in order to assess the quality of the interactive mother-child exchanges in the course of child’s early development and the respective contribution of the mother and the child to the relationship.
Results Results highlight a partially adequate maternal sensitivity and mother’s ability to structure the interaction with the child. Globally, the mothers appear to be able to perceive adequately the child’s cues, but they could not respond sensitively in a consistent way. On the other hand, children’s responsivity to maternal stimuli was sufficiently good. Children show the ability to enjoy being involved in the interaction with the mother and the capacity to adjust and to follow her lead. Finally, children seem to be able to involve the mother in the interaction, addressing her both with verbal and non-verbal cues.
Conclusions Drug addicted babies are “special kids” born from “special mothers”, considering their early experience characterized by multiple biological and psychological alterations that, even though subtle and not always openly evident, are needed to take into account when it comes to program and to implement assessment and treatment interventions
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Addicted babies: a research model on development of children born and grown in a community context.
No full textAddicted babies refers to children born dependent on psychoactive substances, since their mothers are drug-addicted. The studies on the detrimental effects of substance-exposure on child development generally do not take into account that frequently these children were born and raised in therapeutic communities (TC) for drug-addicted mothers and children, that provides children with specific intervention tools. Therefore, this paper aims to present an protocol to assess and monitor the development of children born and raised in a residential TC. This approach will be explained through the presentation of a single case: the first assessment occurred when he was one year old and then repeated when he was two years old. The outcomes point out an increase in mother’s sensitivity and responsivity in interacting with her child at the 12-month-follow-up. The importance of using early intervention approaches that are specific to the TC context for drug-exposed children will be discussed
Maternal psychosis and disfunctions in early interactions:clinical considerations on the case of a mother with schizophrenia and her daughter
No full textSchizophrenia and psychotic disorders cause considerable impairment in different areas of functioning such as behaviors, cognition and emotions which lead to difficulties in many domains of everyday life such as work, social engagement and parenting.
Psychotic parents show a series of interactive and intersubjective difficulties that might compromise the ability to appropriately read and respond to the babies’ cues. These features seem to compromise rearing practices and to influence to some extent the social and emotional development of the children, who show atypical behaviors during interactions with their caregivers.
In this work we present some reflections on the case of a psychotic mother and her daughter living in a residential mother-child community. The dyad was observed during free play and assessed when the child was 4 and 14 months.
According to the literature difficulties where found during interactions. Maternal qualities were stable during the two episodes while the child show some improvements.
Clinical considerations are made about the case and implications of residential treatment are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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