1,720,966 research outputs found
Bioarchaeological reconstruction of individual identities and mobility dynamics in Middle Iron Age Padua. Osteological, palaeoproteomic, and multi-isotope analyses of human skeletal remains from the CUS-Piovego necropolis (6th – late 5th/early 4th cent. BCE)
No full textThe CUS-Piovego necropolis in Padua, northern Italy, provides a unique context for understanding the transformations of the Patavine centre during the Middle Iron Age. As the only so far known funerary area active from the 6th to the late 5th/early 4th century BCE in Padua, the CUS-Piovego necropolis offers valuable insights into Padua’s fully urban phase.
Archaeological and epigraphic evidence from the site points to a stratified society, external contacts, and the presence of foreign individuals during this period. The adoption of different burial rites (i.e., cremation and inhumation), with inhumation reserved for a minority within the necropolis, has led to different interpretations regarding the generative factors of this bi-ritualism. The excavations, carried out in 1975-77 and 1988-89 by the former Istituto di Archeologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, yielded 140 cremations, 26 inhumations, 6 horse burials, and the rare co-burial of a human and a horse, in line with the funerary codes of the Iron Age funerary tradition in the Veneto region.
Although cremation was the predominant burial rite during the Iron Age, a significant number of inhumations have been documented in the Veneto region since the Early Iron Age. The adoption of inhumation amidst the almost exclusive practice of cremation during the Iron Age has intrigued scholars since the late 19th century. To explain this bi-ritualism, different hypotheses have been proposed, including a different social status or a foreign origin for those reserved for inhumation. Since the 1970s, the Protohistory team of the Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali, Università degli Studi di Padova, led by Giovanni Leonardi and Michele Cupitò, has been engaged in the archaeological study of this context.
In this framework, this research addresses the phenomenon of funerary bi-ritualism from a bioarchaeological perspective, using a cutting-edge interdisciplinary approach that integrates osteological, archaeological, taphonomic, palaeoproteomic, and multi-isotope (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, δ13C, and δ15N) analyses on the human skeletal collection from the CUS-Piovego necropolis, including n = 105 secondary cremations and n = 26 primary inhumations.
The study allows the reconstruction of the biological and social identities of the individuals buried in the necropolis, as well as an estimate of individual mobility, geographical origins, and dietary practices. The research confirms the link between burial rites and social status, reinforcing the archaeological hypothesis of a socially stratified society. It also further confirms the presence of foreigners in Padua, identifying their potential areas of origin and exploring possible reasons for their
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movement. This study validates both hypotheses regarding the lower social status and the different origins of the inhumed individuals while offering evidence of elite mobility among the cremated. Furthermore, it offers new elements to understand the interactions between Padua and the surrounding areas starting during the Middle Iron Age.
By shedding light on how burial practices intersect with broader social and demographic patterns at the CUS-Piovego necropolis, the research offers new perspectives on the long-standing debate on bi-ritualism in the Veneto region during the Iron Age and enriches our understanding of social and mobility dynamics in Padua between the 6th and the late 5th/early 4th centuries BCE, highlighting the value of an integrated bioarchaeological and archaeological approach to the study of ancient populations
Direct evidence of plant consumption in Neolithic Eastern Sudan from dental calculus analysis
Full text linkAbstract The Neolithic communities of Eastern Sudan combined intensive pastoralism with plant exploitation as their main subsistence strategies. However, to date, it remains unclear which plant species were part of the human diet during the Neolithic. This contribution presents direct data on plant consumption in Eastern Sudan from the Early to Late Neolithic, obtained through the analysis of microdebris inclusions in the dental calculus of 37 individuals, integrated by dentoalveolar pathology analysis of 78 individuals, from the sites UA53 (4th millennium BCE) and Mahal Teglinos (3rd–2nd millennium BCE), located in the Gash Delta/Kassala region. Dental calculus inclusions indicate a diverse intake of cereals, legumes, and tubers during the Middle Neolithic, thus supporting the hypothesis of high reliance on plant resources. Dentoalveolar pathologies, possibly related to the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods, have also been recorded. For the Late Neolithic, consistent with the shift towards aridity that occurred in the Middle/Late Holocene, dental calculus exclusively indicates the exploitation of sorghum and tubers—species well adapted to arid conditions—showing how the Neolithic communities modified their subsistence in response to environmental changes. Evidence of plant processing techniques, such as cooking/heating, was also revealed from the dental calculus analysis
Transition process in children with chronic liver diseases: what is the challenging point?
No full textThe natural history of untreated X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with mutation in the vasopressin V2 receptor gene
No full text: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) results from the kidneys' inability to concentrate urine. We describe a 6-month-old male with a history of poor weight gain who presented with an incidental finding of hypernatremia (155 mEq/L) during an episode of acute gastroenteritis. The arginine vasopressin (AVP) test, along with molecular analysis revealing the M272R mutation in the AVP receptor 2 (AVPR2) gene, confirmed the diagnosis of congenital NDI. Interestingly, this mutation was also identified in the patient's maternal grandfather, who had never been diagnosed or treated for NDI despite a history of polydipsia, polyuria, and evidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), severe bilateral hydronephrosis, hypertension, and severe bladder dysfunction. Early intervention with hydrochlorothiazide in the infant resulted in a significant reduction in urinary output and improved growth. The untreated grandfather's case highlights the potential severity of untreated NDI and the benefits of timely therapeutic intervention. This report contributes to the limited long-term data on congenital NDI, emphasizing the critical role of early detection and consistent management in preventing severe complications such as CKD, hydronephrosis, and bladder dysfunction. Regular follow-up, including renal ultrasound and monitoring of renal function, is essential for effectively managing NDI and improving patient outcomes
Biosimilars Versus Originators in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Real-World Experience
No full textIntroduction: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity profile of Etanercept (ETA) and Adalimumab (ADA) biosimilars (BIOs) compared to their originators in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Method: Eighty-one JIA children treated with ETA or ADA originators or BIOs were examined at baseline (T0) and after 3- (T1), 6- (T2), 12- (T3), and 24-(T4) months after starting treatment. Results: Lower Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 10 (JADAS-10) scores were reported at T1, T2, T3, and T4 in JIA children treated with BIOs than originators (all p < 0.05). At T1 and T3, anti-drugs antibodies levels were lower in children receiving BIOs than originators (p = 0.04 and p = 0.0007, respectively), even after adjustments (both p < 0.05). Relapses were lower for BIOs compared to originators (p < 0.001). Safety profile was comparable between the groups (p > 0.05). Discussion: A better overall profile of BIOs than originators was demonstrated in JIA children, but larger confirmatory studies are needed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Evidence of dental anomalies from prehistoric Eastern Sudan: two cases from the Mesolithic graveyard UA 50
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