305,238 research outputs found
capaR is tubule-specific and localized to principal cells; manipulation of capaR expression levels modulates [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and fluid transport rates.
No full text<p>(<b>A</b>) Mean mRNA expression data ± SEM were collated from Affymetrix tissue-specific array datasets described in flyatlas.org <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029897#pone.0029897-Chintapalli1" target="_blank">[14]</a> for adult and larval tissues as indicated. Blue shading (dark-adult; light-larvae) indicates epithelial tissues; whereas green shading (dark-adult; light-larvae) indicates fat body or tissues containing fat body <i>eg.</i>, adult head and carcass. ‘mRNA signal’ indicates how abundant <i>capaR</i> mRNA is; and for each tissue, <i>capaR</i> mRNA was detectably expressed in 4 out of 4 arrays (flyatlas.org). In order to assess the expression pattern of capaR <i>in vivo</i>, the capaR promoter-driven GAL4 line, capaR-GAL4, was generated and crossed with UAS-GFP, and fluorescence examined by GFP histochemistry in tissues from progeny of the cross (top left panel). For orientation, tubule regions are indicated by M (main segment); I (initial segment); L (lower tubule). Expression of capaR-driven GFP occurs in the principal cells in the tubule main segment, exclusion of a stellate cell (arrowed, top right panel). (<b>B–D</b>) <i>Drosophila</i> capa receptor is expressed in principal cells of the Malpighian tubule. (<b>B</b>) Tubules were processed with pre-immune serum and only low-level non-specific staining of intracellular vesicles was observed, confirming the specificity of the antibody. (<b>C</b>) Immunocytochemistry using anti-capaR rabbit polyclonal antibody and anti-Rabbit IgG-Texas Red conjugate reveal basolateral membrane localization of capaR in tubule principal cells. (<b>D</b>) Merge of z-stacks from (<b>B</b>) picture reveals exclusion of a stellate cell (arrowed). In panels A, B–D, nuclei are labelled blue with DAPI, scale bar represents 30 µM. (<b>E</b>) Manipulation of capaR affects cytosolic [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> levels in intact tubules. Tubules were dissected from c42>UAS-apoaequorin flies (c42aeq), c42aeq>UAS-capaR RNAi flies and c42aeq>UAS-capaR. Resting cytoslic [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> levels were measured, after which tubules were stimulated with 10<sup>−7</sup> M capa-1 to obtain stimulated cytosolic [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> readings. Primary and secondary pooled data for cytosolic [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> levels are shown as nM [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> ± SEM, <i>N</i> = 6, where * P<0.05, Student's <i>t</i>-test. (<b>F</b>) Fluid transport by <i>Drosophila</i> c42-GAL4>capaR RNAi renal tubules is significantly decreased (as determined using a Student's <i>t</i>-test (*P<0.05)) compared to the parental GAL4 line when the tubule is stimulated by application of capa-1 (10<sup>−7</sup> M). Secretion rates are expressed as nl/min ± SEM (<i>N</i> = 6).</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Desensitization and internalisation of capa-1-stimulated capaR.
No full text<p>S2 cells were transfected with eYFP-tagged capaR, left un-treated or treated with capa-1, and viewed by confocal microscopy after immunocytochemistry with anti-GFP antibody. (<b>A</b>) Control. (<b>B</b>) capa-1 stimulated, 15 min. (<b>C</b>) sample was incubated for 15 minutes with capa-1, washed three times with culture medium followed by 30 minutes incubation in culture medium to allow resensitization. Nuclei are labelled blue with DAPI, scale bar represents 10 µM. (<b>D</b>) S2 cells expressing capaR were left untreated (0), or treated for 5, 10, 20 or 30 minutes (indicated) with 10<sup>−7</sup> M capa-1 to induce receptor internalization. An additional sample was incubated for 30 minutes with capa-1, washed three times with culture medium without capa-1 followed by 30 minutes incubation in culture medium to allow resensitization (Res.). A sample of untransfected cells serves as a negative control. Samples were subjected to cell surface biotinylation to label plasma membrane proteins. We found that the protein concentration of biotinylated samples are generally lower than that of the total lysates; therefore, the equivalent of 5000 cells were loaded for the total lysate, and an equivalent of 15,000 cells were loaded for the biotinylated samples. Total lysates and biotinylated samples were subjected to western blot analysis. Immunoblot using anti-capaR antibody identified a band of the predicted size of 52 kDa which confirms the specificity of the antibody and an additional non specific 75 kDa protein absent in the cell-surface (biotinylated) fraction. (<b>E</b>) Samples from the cell surface biotinylation experiment were semi-quantified and corrected for total receptor expression. Relative cell surface expression is shown as a percentage of the non-treated S2 cells expressing capaR (t = 0). Bars indicated with an asterisk were significantly (P<0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA) reduced compared to t = 0. (<b>F</b>) Calcium measurements in S2 cells transfected with expression constructs for aequorin and the capa receptor. S2 cells were challenged with 10<sup>−7</sup> M capa-1, pre-treated with capa-1 for 15 min (Desensitization (Des.)), followed by ligand removal after which S2 cells were challenged at 15 min or 30 min (Resensitization (Res.)) with 10<sup>−7</sup> M capa-1 and cytosolic [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> levels measured. Bars indicated with an asterisk were significantly (P<0.05 as determined by Student's <i>t</i>-test) reduced compared to control. (<b>G</b>) Analysis of capaR-β-arrestin-2 interactions. S2 cells were co-transfected with capa receptor tagged with <i>Renilla</i> luciferase and β-arrestin-2 tagged with eYFP. Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) signals were monitored after treatment of the cells for 15 min with varying concentrations of capa-1. Data are expressed as mBRET units ± SEM, <i>N</i> = 3.</p
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
Capar la clase del método en tres pasos. O desmetodologizar las epistemologías descoloniales.
No full textEste texto es un ensayo que acepta la invitación de esta edición de la revista, hecha con la pregunta ¿Es posible descolonizar las metodologías occidentales? El sur como motor. Es decir, un pequeño ensayo de descolonización, haciendo uso, a modo de materia plástica, de uno de los textos fundadores de las epistemologías hegemónicas y colonizadoras de occidente: El Discurso del Método de René Descartes. Y como herramienta para dar forma, un concepto popular de mi país —soy colombiano—: capar clase, que se trata resumidamente, de buscar una forma de no estar en una clase, en la que por obligación se tendría que estar
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
Mining e-mail content for author identification forensics
No full textWe describe an investigation into e-mail content mining for author identification, or authorship attribution, for the purpose of forensic investigation. We focus our discussion on the ability to discriminate between authors for the case of both aggregated e-mail topics as well as across different email topics. An extended set of e-mail document features including structural characteristics and linguistic patterns were derived and, together with a Support Vector Machine learning algorithm, were used for mining the e-mail content. Experiments using a number of e-mail documents generated by different authors on a set of topics gave promising results for both aggregated and multi-topic author categorisation
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