130,437 research outputs found
Treatment and reuse of textile effluents based on a new ultrafiltration and other technologies
No full textLignosulfonates from calcium spent sulfite liquor (CaSSL) recovery using ANIC ultrafiltration membranes
No full textIn this paper, some experimental results on treatment of calcium sulfite spent liquor by ultrafiltration are presented. The membranes were prepared by casting chemically modi-
fied polyvinylidene fluoride, and showed interesting performance in comparison with other membranes usually used in this application. On the basis of the results obtained,
the membranes showed (1) noticeable resistance towards temperature and pH; (2) good stability in long term performance
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Vertebral fracture assessment and morphometry by new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry equipments: accuracy, reproducibility and time consumption
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Synthesis and magnetic characterization of Ni nanoparticles and Ni nanoparticles in multiwalled carbon nanotubes
No full textNickel nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction of nickel acetylacetonate in a monosurfactant system. These nanoparticles, mostly amorphous,
were used as catalyst for the growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by the catalytic decomposition of methane at 500 ◦C. TEM analysis reveals
a wide size distribution of the diameter of the particles centred around two main values. A detailed characterization of the magnetic properties of
the Ni nanoparticles and Ni nanoparticles carbon nanotubes embedded is hereby presented. Both the systems show superparamagnetic behaviour
above the blocking temperature TB. Magnetization data are well fitted by an equation formed by two weighted Langevin functions and display the
correct scaling of M/MS versus H/T for superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The hysteresis loops obtained below TB agree with the ferromagnetism
of single-domain particles, confirmed also by the expected temperature dependence of the coercive field HC. Differences in the coercive fields at
increasing and decreasing applied magnetic fields are to be ascribed to a NiO layer originating an exchange bias with inner Ni. The smallness of
the coercive fields difference (around 5 Oe) confirms that the used preparation method produces a very thin NiO layer around Ni nanoparticles
Developing Indicators for Regional Economic Integration and Cooperation
No full textWe develop indicators to measure the degree of economic integration and cooperation among East Asian economies and compare these with similar measures for other regions. Our indicators cover regional integration in trade, investment, financial assets, and people-to-people exchange. We also analyze measures of regional cooperation such as the density of free trade agreements and official policy dialogues. We find that in various Asian groupings, and especially in a group of 16 integrating Asian economies, interdependence in trade, direct investment, financial flows, and other forms of economic and social exchange has increased significantly over time, and now approaches that in the European Union. Nonetheless, Asia’s official cooperation remains weak and formal regional institutions remain relatively underdeveloped. To provide insight into the causes of this discrepancy, we also develop quantitative measures of political and cultural similarity of nations, and find that Asian countries have relatively low levels of political and cultural proximity compared to regions such as Europe. The diversity of political interests and cultural values may have hindered more intense cooperation among Asian economies in the past. But if regional economic and social interactions continue to grow, requirements for joint decision-making are also likely to expand, leading to stronger frameworks of official cooperation.Regional integration; economic cooperation; East Asia
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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