130,775 research outputs found
Modelli di previsione della dispersione dei plotoni veicolari: determinazione sperimentale dei parametri caratteristici
No full textDal 1994 sono in corso presso il Dipartimento di Pianificazione Territoriale dell’Università degli Studi della Calabria indagini sperimentali volte alla caratterizzazione del deflusso veicolare in ambito urbano ed alla modellizzazione dell’inquinamento ambientale connesso (acustico, atmosferico). Dette indagini hanno fornito e forniscono una considerevole mole di dati la cui elaborazione sta procedendo attraverso distinti filoni di ricerca.
La base dati che si può trarre dall’osservazione di scene di traffico consente, fra le diverse analisi possibili, la descrizione di aspetti e la misurazione dei relativi effetti legati al fenomeno di plotonamento dei veicolo lungo itinerari urbani semaforizzati.
Nella nota vengono illustrati i risultati ottenuti nella determinazione sperimentale dei parametri caratteristici di alcuni modelli di dispersione accreditati in letteratura (modello della diffusione, o di Pacey; modello della ricorrenza, o di Robertson), avvalendosi della metodologia di acquisizione e restituzione dei parametri della circolazione compitamente descritta in precedenti lavori (Capaldo e Grossi, 1993; Capaldo et al. 1995; Capaldo et al. 1998)
It's how broadly you search: The moderating effect of search span on the relationships between knowledge origins and innovative performance in R&D alliances
No full textInnovation is a fundamental source of competitive advantage and a large literature has struggled to understand the drivers of innovation and how innovation processes should be managed in order to increase innovative performance (Brown and Eisenhardt, 1995; Crossan and Apaydin, 2010). Innovation is a search process leading to the creation of new knowledge (Nelson and Winter, 1982; March, 1991), which in turn typically results from novel combinations of existing pieces of knowledge having different origins (Schumpeter, 1934; Kogut and Zander, 1992). Based on this, we argue that, in order to deepen our understanding of the determinants of innovative performance, we should concentrate simultaneously on the origins of the existing knowledge that is combined to generate innovation and on how economic actors search for new knowledge.
Previous research has focused on the innovation performance implications of combining knowledge from different geographic (Gomes-Casseres et al., 2006; Phene et al., 2006; Capaldo et al., 2012) and organizational origins (Rosenkopf and Nerkar, 2001; Miller et al., 2007), reaching however mixed conclusions. Thus, a first objective of this study is to shed more light on the influence of the geographic and organizational origins of knowledge on innovative performance.
The origins of knowledge are but one of the determinants of innovation, however. The characteristics of the processes by which firms search for new knowledge also exert significant influence on innovation and have the potential to shape, or even subvert, the impact of the origins of knowledge on innovation outcomes (Fleming and Sorenson, 2001; Katila and Ahuja, 2002). Extant research has explored several dimensions of search (e.g., Katila and Ahuja, 2002; Laursen and Salter, 2006; Miller et al., 2007). We build on the observation that, as customer needs become increasingly multifaceted and the pace of competition intensifies, innovating firms increasingly resort to combining heterogeneous knowledge in order to generate complex innovations, spanning multiple different knowledge domains (Levinthal and March, 1993). In order to capture this innovative behavior we point to search span, that is, the extent to which firms search for new knowledge across different knowledge domains (Capaldo and Messeni Petruzzelli, 2011). Thus, a second objective of this study is to ascertain whether and how search span moderates the influence of the geographic and organizational origins of knowledge on innovation performance.
We pursue the above two objectives at the interorganizational level of analysis, specifically in the context of R&D alliances. R&D alliances are increasingly important units of analysis for understanding competitive advantage based on innovation (Capaldo, 2007; Sampson, 2007). As intended here, R&D alliances are dyadic knowledge-intensive interfirm collaborative relationships aimed at developing innovation. Knowledge-based interpretations of interorganizational collaboration suggest that firms enter R&D alliances to jointly search for new knowledge by combining their respective knowledge (Powell et al., 1997; Sakakibara, 1997). Along this way, R&D alliances constitute tremendous sources of knowledge and learning, considerably affecting innovation results and competitive advantage (Mowery et al., 1996; Stuart, 2000).
Based on the above, the present study aims to expand our understanding of the determinants of innovative performance in R&D alliances by focusing simultaneously on both (a) the geographic and organizational origins of the knowledge resources that allied organizations contribute to their joint innovative endeavors and integrate across their boundaries for the benefit of the alliance, and (b) the extent to which allied organizations jointly search for new knowledge across different knowledge domains, that is, joint search span (simply search span hereinafter). To do so, we focus on innovative performance at the alliance (i.e., dyad) level of analysis. Drawing on a sample of 1,515 R&D alliances we found that, although both the integration of geographically distant knowledge and the integration of organizationally proximate knowledge in R&D alliances negatively affect innovative performance at the alliance level, the alliance search span positively moderates both relationships
It’s how widely you search and from where you get the pieces. How search scope and the origins of knowledge impact the innovative performance of R&D alliances
No full textInnovation is a fundamental source of competitive advantage, and a large literature has struggled to understand the drivers of innovation and how they should be managed to increase innovative performance (Brown and Eisenhardt, 1995). Evolutionary theorists and organizational scholars have taught us that innovation arises from the exploration of new trajectories, which in turn leads to the creation of new knowledge (Nelson and Winter, 1982; March, 1991). The new knowledge, however, typically results from novel combinations of existing pieces of knowledge obtained from multiple different, internal and external, sources (Schumpeter, 1934; Galunic and Rodan, 1998; Fleming, 2001). Based on this stylized picture of the innovation process, we argue that, in order to better understand what drives innovative performance, we need to focus both on how economic actors search for new knowledge (i.e., explore), and on the characteristics of the existing knowledge that is combined to generate innovation. In this paper we make a first step towards using the above framework for empirical research.
In doing so, we start from the assumption that firms and their innovative activities are embedded in complex interpersonal and interorganizational networks that influence innovative performance at the firm, dyad, and network levels (Kreiner and Schultz, 1993; Liebeskind et al., 1996; Capaldo, 2007). Specifically, we focus on dyadic interfirm R&D alliances (R&D alliances hereinafter), which have been shown to be a tremendous source of innovation in previous literature (Shan, Walker and Kogut, 1994; Baum, Calabrese and Silverman, 2000). However, while the drivers of innovation performance at the firm level have been examined extensively (e.g. Stuart, 2000; Sampson, 2007), little is known about the factors that influence innovative performance at the dyad level.
In an attempt to fill this gap, we focus on two relevant such factors, namely the scope of the search performed by the allied firms and the geographical and organizational origins of the knowledge resources that the participating organizations contribute to the alliance and integrate across their boundaries for the benefit of the relationship. We develop testable hypotheses about the (both separate and joint) impact of these factors on the innovative performance of R&D alliances, and we test them on a sample of 1912 R&D alliances established by ten multinationals operating in the Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE) industry
It s how widely you search and from where you get the pieces. How search scope and the origins of knowledge impact innovative performance in R&D alliances
No full textInnovation is a fundamental source of competitive advantage, and a large literature has struggled to understand the drivers of innovation and how they should be managed to increase innovative performance (Brown and Eisenhardt, 1995). Evolutionary theorists and organizational scholars have taught us that innovation arises from the exploration of new trajectories, which in turn leads to the creation of new knowledge (Nelson and Winter, 1982; March, 1991). The new knowledge, however, typically results from novel combinations of existing pieces of knowledge obtained from multiple different, internal and external, sources (Schumpeter, 1934; Galunic and Rodan, 1998; Fleming, 2001). Based on this stylized picture of the innovation process, we argue that, in order to better understand what drives innovative performance, we need to focus both on how economic actors search for new knowledge (i.e., explore), and on the characteristics of the existing knowledge that is combined to generate innovation. In this paper we make a first step towards using the above framework for empirical research.
In doing so, we start from the assumption that firms and their innovative activities are embedded in complex interpersonal and interorganizational networks that influence innovative performance at the firm, dyad, and network levels (Kreiner and Schultz, 1993; Liebeskind et al., 1996; Capaldo, 2007). Specifically, we focus on dyadic interfirm R&D alliances (R&D alliances hereinafter), which have been shown to be a tremendous source of innovation in previous literature (Shan, Walker and Kogut, 1994; Baum, Calabrese and Silverman, 2000). However, while the drivers of innovation performance at the firm level have been examined extensively (e.g. Stuart, 2000; Sampson, 2007), little is known about the factors that influence innovative performance at the dyad level.
In an attempt to fill this gap, we focus on two relevant such factors, namely the scope of the search performed by the allied firms and the geographical and organizational origins of the knowledge resources that the participating organizations contribute to the alliance and integrate across their boundaries for the benefit of the relationship. We develop testable hypotheses about the (both separate and joint) impact of these factors on the innovative performance of R&D alliances, and we test them on a sample of 1912 R&D alliances established by ten multinationals operating in the Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE) industry
Introducción
No full textFil: Capaldo, Griselda Delia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Derecho de la Navegación. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaTema: Derecho Aeronáutico / Griselda D. Capaldo, coord
The complementary effect of partner selection and alliance scope on the innovative performance of R&D alliances
No full textThis paper investigates how the scope of technological search performed by allied firms complements the effect of two major partner selection criteria on the innovative performance of strategic alliances. Based on the empirical analysis of 1,912 R&D alliances in the EEE industry, we show that the selection of both: (1) distant partners, and (2) partners belonging to the same industrial group as the selecting firm, exert a negative impact on innovation. However, the impact of the two selection criteria on the alliance innovative performance is positive when the alliance is aimed at searching widely. We argue that the wider search scope the more knowledge diversity between partners and the existence of strong control mechanisms within the relationship enhance innovation in R&D alliances
Balancing innovation value creation and appropriability in R&D alliances
No full textThis paper investigates how searching across different knowledge domains affects innovation value creation and appropriability. Focusing on the alliance level of analysis, we advance that, in R&D strategic alliances, search span has a curvilinear (inverted U-shape) relationship with value creation and a linear positive relationship with value appropriability. Our analysis on a sample of 1,515 interfirm dyadic R&D alliances confirms these hypotheses. We find that, after a threshold level of search span, joint value creation decreases. Conversely, the partners ability to jointly appropriate the value of their jointly developed inventions grows exponentially as the alliance search span increases. Thus, we observe that value creation and appropriability may have conflicting exigencies. We conclude that firms involved in innovation-oriented strategic alliances should develop the interorganizational relational capability to jointly manage the processes of innovation, and in particular the span of their search, in a way that balances the needs of value creation and appropriability
Capaldo, Griselda D.-Gómez, Hernán A. (dirs.), Aspectos de Derecho Aeronáutico : compendio de doctrina interdisciplinaria, EDIUNC-EUDEBA, Mendoza-Buenos Aires, 2013 (232 págs.)
No full textFil: Capaldo, Griselda Delia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Derecho de la Navegación. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Capaldo, Griselda Delia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Cátedra Introducción al derecho y la legislación ambiental. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Capaldo, Griselda Delia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Transporte. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Capaldo, Griselda Delia. CONICET. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Gómez, Hernán A. Consejo de la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI). Montreal, CanadáFil: Gómez, Hernán A. Comisión Latinoamericana de Aviación Civil (CLAC). Lima, PerúTema: Derecho Aeronáutico / Griselda D. Capaldo, coord. -- Bibliografí
Origins of knowledge and innovation in R&D alliances: a contingency approach
No full textInnovative performance is influenced both by the origins of the existing knowledge that is
combined to generate innovation and by how economic actors search for new knowledge.
Drawing on a sample of inter-firm dyadic R&D alliances, we found that whereas the integration
of geographically distant knowledge and of organisationally proximate knowledge
in R&D alliances are negatively related to the alliance innovative performance, search span
positively moderates both relationships.We conclude that, in order to make the most of broadspan
searching, firms participating in R&D alliances should integrate geographically distant
but organisationally proximate knowledge. By doing so, firms take advantage of the diversity
and novelty that characterises geographically distant knowledge, while preserving considerable
levels of relative absorptive capacity that are needed for them to understand, internalise,
and effectively use partners’ knowledge from different domains
In search of alliance-level relational capabilities: Balancing innovation value creation and appropriability in R&D alliances
No full textIn order to advance our knowledge of alliance-level relational capabilities, this paper investigates how searching across different knowledge domains affects both innovation value creation and appropriability in R&D alliances. Focusing on the alliance level of analysis, we advance that, in R&D strategic alliances, search span has a curvilinear (inverted U-shape) relationship with value creation and a positive relationship with value appropriability. Our analysis on a sample of 1,515 interfirm dyadic R&D alliances confirms these hypotheses. We find that, after a threshold level of search span, joint value creation decreases. Conversely, the allied firms ability to appropriate the value of their jointly developed inventions grows exponentially as the alliance search span increases. Thus, value creation and appropriability may have conflicting exigencies. We argue that firms involved in R&D strategic alliances should develop the interorganizational relational capability to jointly manage the process of search that occurs at the interorganizational level, and specifically the span of their search, in ways that balance the needs of value creation and appropriability
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