1,721,046 research outputs found
The ICP forests Level I biodiversity data. A harmonized data source and baseline for plant species and structural diversity on european forest ecosystems
Full text linkStructural and compositional biodiversity surveys on the ICP Forests extensive monitoring plots (Level
I) have been incorporated into the ICP Forests database as LI-BioDiv dataset. Data were collected in the
period 2005-2008 and delivered by 27 partners according to harmonized methods. During the
integration process data was validated based on a complex system of checkroutines that had been
defined before. Conflicts were solved in collaboration with the experts from National Focal Centres and
the Expert Panels on Biodiversity and Ground Vegetation, and on Forest Growth.
The LI-BioDiv dataset is structured in six forms: GPL (general plot location and information, 3340 plots),
DBH (tree diameter, status, and composition, 3201 plots), THT (tree top and crown base height, 3083
plots), CAN (canopy closure, layers, number of trees, 3210 plots), DWD (deadwood, 2950 plots), and
GVG (ground vegetation composition, 3124 plots).
A transnational internal evaluation process was established and a set of items approved by the related
Expert Panels and the ICP Forests Programme Co-ordinating Centre (PCC). Four working groups are
producing the first results in terms of scientific papers; the other evaluation projects and the related
groups of experts and scientists are described. Recommendations and lessons learned from this
experience are shortly provided
Community weighted mean trait data of Italian forest understories
Full text linkPlant functional trait data aggregated at the community level (i.e., community weighted mean, CWM) are fundamental to study plant-environment relationships. Here, we provide a large database of CWM values of twelve traits reflecting several plant functions, including leaf, seed, whole-plant, clonal and bud bank traits. The CWMs were calculated in 201 forest stands (a statistically representative sample of all the Italian forests) across three biogeographic regions: Alpine, Continental, and Mediterranean. © 2019 The Author(s
Lesy centrálních Apenin – biodiverzita v kontextu historického a současného managementu
Full text linkThe landscape of the central Apennines is markedly diverse. Dynamically formed relief is covered by a mosaic of different vegetation types. For centuries, local forests are managed as coppices – type of management common in former Czechoslovakia up to last century. Biodiversity of these oak and oak-hornbeam forests gradually declines due to the abandonment of coppicing. Thus, a visit to the central Apennines and study of their forests provide a valuable insight into the problem of species diversity decline in the former coppices of Central Europe
Confronto tra indicatori di diversità floristica e strutturale nelle foreste europee.
Full text linkEvidence-based policies are necessary to support the role of forests in the conservation of biodiversity and provisioning of ecosystem services. Assessing forest resources and their trends over time is required by many international agreements, and is a key step in developing policy strategies. In the context of National Forest Inventories, measures of tree species composition and structure are considered as possible biodiversity indices, despite ground vegetation usually having greater species richness than other forest strata. This study is aimed at evaluating relationships and connections between the overstory and understory by considering both stand structure and diversity indices, through a network analysis in which the system takes the form of a network or "graph". We used tree-related and ground vegetation data from 2789 plots collected as part of the BioSoil project through the ICP Forests Level I network and stored in the LI-BioDiv database. Additional information levels such as biogeographical region, forest management type and European Forest Type were also considered. The relationships among the structural and diversity measures showed few and weak correlations between overstory and understory diversity over the additional information levels. We demonstrated that at European level the overstory and understory indices are complementary, and they explain forest diversity components. Based on these results, overstory diversity cannot be considered as a proxy for the diversity of the entire forest plant community
Unimodal relationships of understory alpha and beta diversity along chronosequence in coppiced and unmanaged beech forests
Full text linkPatterns of diversity across spatial scales in forest successions are being overlooked, despite their importance for developing sustainable management practices. Here, we tested the recently proposed U-shaped biodiversity model of forest succession. A chronosequence of 11 stands spanning from 5 to 400 years since the last disturbance was used. Understory species presence was recorded along 200 m long transects of 20 X 20 cm quadrates. Alpha diversity (species richness, Shannon and Simpson diversity indices) and three types of beta diversity indices were assessed at multiple scales. Beta diversity was expressed by a) spatial compositional variability (number and diversity of species combinations), b) pairwise spatial turnover (between plots Sorensen, Jaccard, and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), and c) spatial variability coefficients (CV% of alpha diversity measures). Our results supported the U-shaped model for both alpha and beta diversity. The strongest differences appeared between active and abandoned coppices. The maximum beta diversity emerged at characteristic scales of 2 m in young coppices and 10 m in later successional stages. We conclude that traditional coppice management maintains high structural diversity and heterogeneity in the understory. The similarly high beta diversities in active coppices and old-growth forests suggest the presence of microhabitats for specialist species of high conservation value
La biodiversità forestale: specie vegetali.
No full textIl monitoraggio dello stato di salute delle foreste nacque nella seconda metà degli anni ’80, nell’ambito della Convenzione sull’Inquinamento Transfrontaliero a Grande Distanza (Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air pollution, CLRTAP), attuata sotto l’egida della Commissione Economica per l’Europa delle Nazioni Unite (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UN/ECE). Per dare attuazione alla Convenzione, furono avviati diversi programmi operativi internazionali, tra i quali il Programma Cooperativo Internazionale sul monitoraggio integrato degli effetti dell’inquinamento atmosferico (International Cooperative Programme on Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects, ICP IM) ed il Programma Cooperativo Internazionale sulla valutazione ed il monitoraggio degli effetti dell’inquinamento atmosferico sulle foreste (International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests, ICP Forests). Il “Programma CON.ECO.FOR.” (CONtrollo ECOsistemi FORestali) rappresenta il ramo istituzionale italiano degli adempimenti derivanti dalle iniziative internazionali citate. La Rete NEC Italia, così come disegnata nel decreto del Ministero della Transizione Ecologica (a seguire MiTE) 26 novembre 2018, n. 319, attuativo del Decreto legislativo di recepimento della Direttiva, si basa sul monitoraggio degli impatti negativi di inquinanti atmosferici quali il biossido di zolfo, gli ossidi di azoto, i composti organici volatili non metanici, l’ammoniaca, il PM 2,5 , il PM 10 e l’ozono: • sugli ecosistemi terrestri, impiegando n°6 aree CON.ECO.FOR. di livello II e il relativo protocollo ICP Forests, dove l’Arma dei Carabinieri partecipa al lavoro dei ricercatori dell’Università di Firenze e di Camerino oltre a quelli del CNR e del CREA; • sugli ecosistemi di acqua dolce, impiegando n°10 siti ICP WATERS gestiti dal Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-IRSA, secondo le modalità di campionamento ed analisi previste dal protocollo ICP Waters; • dei danni da ozono, utilizzando i dati monitorati dal Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-IRET, in n° 11 stazioni forestali, selezionate per coprire sia ambienti diversi con la stessa specie forestale (il faggio, Fagus sylvatica L.), sia specie forestali temperate e mediterranee
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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