1,074 research outputs found
A Dinamica do processamento bilingue
No full textSergio Adrada Rafael (with R. Leow) is a contributing author, . La Atención y la concienciación en el campo de la adquisición de segundas lenguas , pp. 191-232.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/modernlanguagesandliterature-books/1014/thumbnail.jp
La propuesta de contametría de Rafael Franco, desde el pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin
No full textEste trabajo tiene como objetivo comprender la propuesta de Contametría del maestro Rafael Franco interpretándola a la luz de la teoría de la complejidad. Para ello se entendió el contexto que motivó al autor a plantear la teoría de la Contabilidad Integral y su tecnología la Contametría, también se estudió la teoría de la complejidad, desde Morin.
Se realizó bajo el enfoque cualitativo, siendo una investigación de tipo explicativa con la cual se caracterizó el pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin por medio de la definición de un grupo de categorías que permitieron la identificación del pensamiento complejo en la propuesta contamétrica del maestro Rafael Franco.
Por dar un ejemplo, entre las categorías estudiadas se encuentra “La unión”, la cual, en el discurso de Morin se observa como necesaria para concebir procesos y ciencia, pues en la ausencia de esta existiría la simplificación e interacción entre los elementos; otra categoría es el “Orden/Desorden” orientado a comprender el caos del universo, ya que la ciencia tradicional
solo reconoce el pensamiento objetivo, generando así un orden científico. Por medio de estas y otras categorías, se logró identificar que estos elementos propios de la teoría de la complejidad, efectivamente se encuentran en la propuesta contamétrica objeto de estudio de este trabajo.Universidad Libre - Facultad de Ciencias económicas, administrativas y contables - Maestría en ContabilidadThis work aims to understand the proposal of Contametría of professor Rafael Franco interpreting it in the light of the theory of complexity. To this end, we understood the context that motivated the author to raise the theory of integral accounting and its technology Contametry, we also studied the theory of complexity by Morin.
It was carried out under the qualitative approach, being an explanatory type of research with which the complex thinking of Edgar Morin was characterized through the definition of a group of categories that allowed the identification of the complex thinking in the Contametric proposal of Professor Rafael Franco.
To give an example, among the categories studied is "Union", which in Morin's discourse is observed as necessary to conceive processes and science, since in the absence of this there would be simplification and interaction between the elements; another category is "Order/Disorder" oriented to understand the chaos of the universe, since traditional science only recognizes objective thinking, thus generating a scientific order. By means of these and other categories, it was possible to identify that these elements of complexity theory are indeed found in the Contametric proposal under study in this work
Elmohardyia rosalinae Marques & Rafael, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textElmohardyia rosalinae sp. nov. Figs 163–181 Diagnosis. Tergite 2 almost entirely gray pruinose, except for three brown pruinose spots. Sternite 6 with three sclerotized thorn-like projections, basal one longest. Surstyli asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed, with outward curved apex, about 2 X longer than right surstylus. Right gonopod longer than left one. Phallic guide with one bifid additional process. Description of male holotype. (Fig. 163). Body length. 4.3 mm. Head. Eyes contiguous for a distance of eighteen facets. F, EM, V = 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm. Frontal triangle and face gray pruinose. Postcranium dark, brown pruinose dorsally and gray pruinose laterally and ventrally. Antennae (Fig. 164) with scape dark brown; pedicel dark brown, with two dorsal and three ventral bristles; postpedicel dark brown on basal one third, remaining yellow. LPP/WPP = 2.3. Labellum brown. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe dark yellow, gray pruinose. Scutum dark brown to black, gray-brown pruinose. Notopleuron dark brown, gray pruinose with eight weak bristles. Scutellum dark brown to black, gray pruinose, with inconspicuous bristles. Mesopleuron and mediotergite dark brown, gray pruinose. Wing (Fig. 165). Length 4.5 mm. LW/MWW = 3.4. LTC/LFC = 1.6. Membrane hyaline, almost entirely covered with microtrichia, except for cells bc, c, sc, basal half of r 1, small basal area of r 2 + 3 and r 4 + 5, br, bm, basal half of cup and basal one third of anal lobe without or with very sparse microtrichia. Vein r-m placed just before basal third of cell dm. Vein dm-cu straight. Halter brown with middle part of stem yellow. Legs (Fig. 163). Coxae dark brown to black, gray pruinose. Trochanters yellow. Femora brown with base and apex yellow, entirely gray pruinose posteriorly. Tibiae yellow, gray pruinose. Tarsi dark yellow to brown, except fifth tarsomere darker or entirely black. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen. (Fig. 166). Dark brown to black, gray pruinose on tergite 1, almost entirely on tergite 2, except for two brown pruinose spots anterolaterally and a small spot medially; gray pruinose posterolaterally on tergites 3–5; tergite 1 with three stout bristles laterally. Tergite and sternite 6 as in Fig. 167. Sternite 6 (Figs 168, 169) with three sclerotized spine-like projections, basal one longest. Syntergosternite 8 dark brown to black, shorter than tergite 5, gray pruinose (Fig. 166) and with large membranous area (Fig. 170). Terminalia. Epandrium and surstyli (Fig. 171) yellow. Surstyli (Figs 171–172) asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed, apex curved outward, about 2 X longer than right surstylus, with basal lobe; lateral view as in Fig. 173. Right surstylus with acute apex in lateral view (Fig. 174). Subepandrial sclerite as in Fig. 175. Right gonopod longer than left one (Fig. 176). Phallic guide (Figs 177–178) with one additional bifid process; dorsal view as in the Fig. 179. Phallus with inconspicuous subapical spicule (Fig. 180). Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 181. Female unknown. Variation (paratype). Body length 4.4 mm. Wing length 4.6 mm. Sternite 6 with basal protuberance longer than in the holotype specimen. Type Material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BRASIL, PI[auí], Guaribas, Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões, Andorinha, 515 m, 09°08' 27.8 "S, 43 ° 33 ' 42.1 "W ” “Armadilha de Malaise, 01– 10.ix. 2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeirade-Oliveira & T.T.A. Silva cols [collectors]”. “ Holotype ♂, Elmohardyia rosalinae Marques & Rafael ” (CZMA). PARATYPE: idem, 20–30.ix. 2013 (1 ♂ INPA). Holotype condition. Left wing detached, mounted on microslide. Terminalia placed in microvial with glycerin. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Rosalina da Silva, a great friend and a “second mother” of the first author. Distribution. Brazil: Piauí (Caatinga Biome). Discussion. Elmohardyia rosalinae sp. nov. is close to E. valida Menezes & Rafael due to sternite 6 with thorn-like protuberances, left surstylus with outward curved apex and longer than right surstylus, and by the similar shape of the phallic guide. Elmohardyia rosalinae sp. nov. differs from E. valida by tergites 3–5 being gray pruinose posterolaterally (only on tergite 5 in E. valida), and by sternite 6 with three protuberances (only two in E. valida).Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A. & Rafael, José A., 2015, Elmohardyia Rafael (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from northeastern Brazil: new records and description of new species, pp. 301-327 in Zootaxa 3972 (3) on pages 321-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23645
Opeatocerata melanderi Câmara & Rafael 2011, sp. nov.
No full textOpeatocerata melanderi sp. nov. (Figs. 3–20) Diagnosis. Abdomen predominantly yellow except lateral margins of tergites 1–7 brown (Figs. 3, 5). Anterior cercus with dorsal subrectangular projection (Fig. 9) directed anteriorly (Fig. 8). Posterior cercus with rounded apex and small ventral protuberance (Fig. 8). Phallus subcylindrical, wider medially, longer than hypandrium (Fig. 13), and with subapical lobes and four denticles on apex, both best seen in ventral view (Fig. 14). Description. Holotype male (Fig. 3). Head: Holoptic, upper ommatidia larger delineated from lower ommatidia. Face parallel-sided, dark brown with grey pruinescence in ventral view, about 3X longer than upper width. Ocellar tubercle protuberant, brown with brown pruinescence, 2 pairs of divergent bristles, anterior pair longest. Ocelli brown. Postocular bristles black, distinct, arranged in complete uniseriate row, progressively longer ventrally. Postcranium brown with grey pruinescence, denser ventrally. Postgena with long yellow bristles. Antenna inserted below middle of head; scape and pedicel yellow with short black bristles; first flagellomere dark brown, about 2X longer than pedicel; stylus aristiform, about 2X longer than first flagellomere. Proboscis shorter than head height, yellow with yellow bristles apically and ventrally on labellum. Thorax (Fig. 3): Yellow, shiny. Pronotum with transverse row of yellow bristles on anterior margin. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 1 acrostichal bristle placed posteriorly, near scutellum and between last and stronger dc; dorsocentral row of uniseriate, slender yellow setulae, interrupted on posterior descendant region and posteriorly with longer bristles; 3 postpronotal setae; 2 robust notopleurals with several smaller setae in front; several supra-alar setae; 2 postalar bristles, posterior stronger; 1 pair of parallel scutellar bristles; laterotergite with 8 long yellow bristles. Legs (Fig. 3): yellow, except apex of trochanter black ventrally, fore tarsomeres 3–5 and mid and hind tarsomeres 4–5 dark brown to black. Hind femur and tibia with black ring on apex. All legs with distinct bristles; hind tibia and tarsus with antero- and posterodorsal rows of long bristles; hind tibia with larger number of bristles. Wing (Fig. 4): Hyaline with conspicuous brown pterostigma, 2.5X as long as deep; M 1 and M 2 slightly upward curved. Halter yellow with brown patch on stem and knob. Abdomen (Figs. 3, 5): Predominantly yellow, except lateral margins of tergites 1–7 brown (Fig. 3). Bristles yellow, longest on all segments laterally and on segments 6-8 posteriorly. Tergite 8 shorter than tergite 7, divided in two subtriangular plates (Fig. 6). Sternite 8 larger than sternite 7, divided in two subtriangular plates (Fig. 7). Terminalia (paratype): Anterior cercus with dorsal subrectangular projection (Fig. 9) directed anteriorly (Fig. 8), with distal medial V-shaped sulcus posteriorly in dorsal view (Fig. 9); descendant plate of anterior cercus subrectangular with concave ventral margin in posterior view (Fig. 10). Posterior cercus with rounded apex and small ventral protuberance in lateral view (Fig. 8), with triangular dorsal projection (Fig. 9). Hypoproct with long bristles, subcircular in lateral view (Fig. 8), comma-shaped in posteroventral view (Fig. 10). Epandrium wide, membranous anteriorly, with elongated epandrial lobe acuminate at apex, with longer bristles apically (Fig. 11). Subepandrial sclerite and bacilliform sclerite U-shaped, latter with distinct fold. Subepandrial sclerite rather narrow in dorsal view (Fig. 12). Hypandrium rather membranous, with small setae, longer than wide with posterior margin rounded, enclosing phallus. Phallus longer than hypandrium, subcylindrical, wider medially (Figs. 13, 14), with dorsal subapical appendix, best seen in lateral view (Fig. 13) and with lateral subapical lobes and four denticles on apex, both best seen in ventral view (Fig. 14). Ejaculatory apodeme tetralamellar (Figs. 8, 13, 14). Specimen length: 3.1 mm; wing length: 3.1 mm. Female (Fig. 15): Similar to male, except dichoptic with subequal ommatidia; frons black and shiny. Wing hyaline, slightly infuscated between pterostigma and vein R 5; M 1 and M 2 evanescent near wing margin (Fig. 16). Terminalia: Tergite 8 subrectangular (Figs. 17, 18, 19). Sternite 8 wider at base, anterior margin with V-shaped sulcus occupying more than half of sternite (Figs. 18, 19). Genital fork wider at base and arms shorter than base (Figs. 18, 19). Tergite 10 shorter than half of tergite 8, undivided, with anterior margin concave (Fig. 17). Sternite 10 slightly concave basally and distally. Cercus longer than segment 10, with long bristles at apex (Fig. 19). Receptacle of spermatheca spherical (Fig. 20). Specimen length: 2.8 mm; wing length: 3.1 mm. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: BRASIL, AM [azonas], Manaus, Rod [ovia] AM 010, Km 50, ZF2, Km 14, próximo à torre [near tower], 02 ° 35'21''S; 60 ° 05'55''W / 4.iii.2011. 00–03:00h. Arm [adilha] luz móvel. J.A. Rafael & R. F. Silva leg (INPA). PARATYPES: same as holotype (75 ♂, 89 ♀, INPA). idem, 4.iii.2011. 03–06:00h. Arm. luz móvel. J.A. Rafael & R. F.Silva (14 ♂, 5 ♀, MZUSP); idem, 3–4.iii.2011, 21–00:00h (4 ♂, 7 ♀, UFPR); idem, 6.iii.2011. 00–03:00h. Arm. luz móvel. J.A. Rafael, J. T. Câmara & P.Dias leg (10 ♂, 10 ♀, USNM; 10 ♂, 10 ♀, BMNH; 10 ♂, 10 ♀, CNC; 10 ♂, 10 ♀, CZMA; 10 ♂, 10 ♀, INBio; 22 ♂, 16 ♀, INPA); idem, 6.iii.2011. 03– 06:00h (28 ♂, 35 ♀, MPEG). Holotype condition. Good, not dissected. Etymology. The name melanderi is dedicated to A.L. Melander, author of the Opeatocerata. Remarks. Opeatocerata melanderi differs from all other known species by having the lateral margin of tergites 1–7 brown and distinctive genitalia, especially the phallus which has denticles at the apex. Variation. Male and female specimens with body length from 2.7–3.3 mm. Pterostigma from 2–2.5 times as long as deep. Some paratypes with 2 pairs of scutellar bristles.Published as part of Câmara, J. T. & Rafael, J. A., 2011, Two new species of Opeatocerata Melander (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin, pp. 37-45 in Zootaxa 3062 (1) on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa3062.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/527995
Rapid Recent Fluctuations of the Calving San Rafael Glacier, Chilean Patagonia: Climatic or Non-Climatic?
No full textRecent fluctuations of the San Rafael Glacier contrast in timing, direction and intensity with regional trends of glacier behaviour. A link is identified between the oscillation history, the topographic situation and variations in winter precipitation. The San Rafael Glacier is the lowest latitude tidewater glacier in the world with unusually high annual mean velocities. Since the late 19th century, it has retreated and advanced rapidly over a total ditance of 14 km and is now 60 km2 smaller than it was 100 years ago. Retreat at up to 300 m a-1 during the 1980s halted in 1990. Since then, a slight readvance has occurred at a time of accelerated regional retreat. -from Author</p
Ommatius castroi Vieira, Bravo & Rafael, sp. nov.
No full textOmmatius castroi Vieira, Bravo & Rafael sp. nov. (Figs. 1–7) Male. Holotype. Head. Antenna brown; 2 ocellar setae; vertex brown, golden tomentose; face golden tomentose; face with 6 brown mystacal macrosetae; frons brown, sparsely golden tomentose; palpus yellowbrown setose; proboscis dark brown with white and yellowish ventral setae; labial setae yellow-brown; occiput gray tomentose; occipital setae whitish and yellowish; 3–4 postocular macrosetae. Thorax. Antepronotum gray tomentose on the lateral margin and golden tomentose on dorsal margin; mesonotum dark brown, laterally golden-grayish tomentose; postpronotum brown; pleuron brown, gray tomentose. Macrosetae/setae thorax: 2 notopleural macrosetae; 1 supralar macroseta; 1 postalar macroseta; 4 pairs of dorsocentral macrosetae; 2 apical scutellar macrosetae; discal scutellar setae yellowish; metanepisternal and katatergal macrosetae yellowish. Wing. Without costal dilation; crossvein r-m passes slightly beyond middle of cell d; R 4 + 5 beyond apex of cell d; stem of halter yellow with yellow to brown knob. Legs. Hind femur moderately swollen; fore and middle femora mostly yellow, except brown stripe extending from 1 / 2 of apical anterior to 1 / 3 of the dorsal; hind femur with basal 2 / 3 yellow and dorsoapical 1 / 3 brown; fore and middle tibiae yellowish; hind tibia yellowish on basal 1 / 2, and brownish on distal 1 / 2; fore and middle tarsi with basal 3 / 4 of first tarsomere yellowish, apical 1 / 4 brownish; hind tarsus with first tarsomere brown. Macrosetae/setae legs: fore coxa with anterior yellow setae; fore femur with 1 anterior macroseta and only yellow setae ventrally; middle femur with 3 anterior macrosetae and only yellow setae ventrally; middle femur with 2 brown preapical posterodorsal macrosetae; hind femur with 3 dark brown anterior macrosetae, 7 brownish anteroventral macrosetae, 2–3 posteroventral macrosetae (1 basal and 1–2 apical); hind tibia with apical spur-like macroseta; fore tarsus with 1 yellow macroseta. Abdomen. Slightly clavate; tergites brown; sternites brown with apices yellow-brown; tergite 1 lateral macrosetae yellowish; tergites yellow and brown setose; sternites yellow and white setose. Terminalia (Figs. 1–7). Brown. Epandrium short with bifid apex (Figs. 1–3); sclerite interepandrial wide with rounded anterior margin (Fig. 2); cercus truncate (Fig. 2); gonocoxite with sinuous internal margin (Fig. 3), its median portion with moderately short macrosetae (Fig. 3); membrane between gonocoxites pilose (Fig. 3); hypandrium with triangular posterior margin (Fig. 3); subepandrial sclerite with an invagination on the basal margin (Fig. 4); gonostylus with basal portion wider than apex (Fig. 5). Apex of gonostylus slightly acute (Fig. 5). Gonostylus 3.4 times longer than its greatest width in lateral view (Fig. 5); ejaculatory apodeme with basal 2 / 3 wide and apical 1 / 3 narrow (Fig. 6); phallus 2.3 times longer than greatest width of ejaculatory apodeme in lateral view (Fig. 6); anterior margin of phallus slightly convex in dorsal view (Fig. 7). Size. Body length 10 mm; wing length 7.8 mm. Holotype condition. 2 left notopleural macrosetae lost. Female. Unknown. Variation. The following variation were observed in the paratype specimens: 3–6 brown mystacal macrosetae; 4–5 postocular macrosetae; 3 pairs of dorsocentral macrosetae; crossvein r-m at middle of cell d; knob of halter yellow; first tarsomere of middle tarsus brownish; epandrium with a slight salience below the bifid apex of 1 epandrium, but without a pointed projection; length 8 –11.5 mm, wing 6.7–8.4 mm. Etymology. The name castroi is dedicated to Ivan Farias Castro, an entomologist from Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil, who stimulated and helped the senior author in the Asilidae studies. Geographical records. Brazil: Amapá State. Type material examined. Holotype: [BRASIL], Serra do N.[avio], [Amapá], 24.x. 1957, J. Lane – leg / São Paulo Insect Collection / Ommatius neotropicus Curran dt. A. Scarbrough / Holótipo Ommatius castroi Vieira, Bravo & Rafael ( 3 MZUSP). Paratypes: [BRASIL], Serra do Navio, [Amapá], 28.ix. [19] 57, J. Lane. Leg / São Paulo Insect Collection / Ommatius neotropicus Curran dt. A. Scarbrough (1 3 MZUSP); same data as holotype (2 3 MZUSP); [BRASIL], Serra do N.[avio], [Amapá], 19.x. 1957, J. Lane. Leg / São Paulo Insect Collection / Ommatius neotropicus Curran dt. A. Scarbrough (2 3 MZUSP); [BRASIL], Serra do N.[avio], [Amapá], 15.x. 1957, J. Lane. Leg / São Paulo Insect Collection / Ommatius neotropicus Curran dt. A. Scarbrough (1 3 MZUSP); Serra do Navio, Terr.[itório] [do] Amapá, BRASIL, 27.ix. 1957, K. Lenko. Leg / Ommatius neotropicus Curran dt. A. Scarbrough (1 3 MZUSP); [BRASIL], Serra do Navio, [Amapá], 29.ix. 1957, J. Lane. Leg / São Paulo Insect Collection / Ommatius neotropicus Curran dt. A. Scarbrough (1 3 MZUSP); [BRASIL], Serra do N.[avio], [Amapá], 12.x. 1957, J. Lane. Leg / São Paulo Insect Collection / Ommatius neotropicus Curran dt. A. Scarbrough (1 3 MZUSP); Serra do Navio, Terr.[itório] [do] Amapá, BRASIL, 11.x. 1957, J. Lane leg / Ommatius neotropicus Curran dt. A. Scarbrough (1 3 MZUSP).Published as part of Vieira, Rodrigo, Bravo, Freddy & Rafael, José Albertino, 2010, Ommatius Wiedemann, 1821, normus species-group (Diptera, Asilidae): description of two new species and comments on Brazilian species, pp. 39-51 in Zootaxa 2344 on pages 40-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19335
X Aniversario. 37 Tercera época (2006) febrero-mayo. Gaceta de Museos
No full text- Diez años, por Emilio Montemayor - La política patrimonial ante los retos actuales, por Jesús Antonio Machuca R. - Edward S. Curtis. La fotografía como testimonio etnográfico, por Marco Antonio Carvajal Correa - Más allá de la pantalla, por Ricardo Contreras - De campamento en el museo, por Edgar Espejel Pérez y Rafael Ríos Chagolla - Planes de manejo, por Isabel Stivalet - Preservación y montaje de documentos y libros, por Lucía O. Torner Morales - Cómo sacarle provecho a las cámaras digitales, por Gliserio Castañeda García - La vitrina del mes: El mito de dos volcanes - La cédula del mes: Happy Victims - El material educativo del mes: Pitao Cocijo - Noticias y reseñas
Musicalización de una selección de poemas románticos de Rafael Pombo.
No full textEntender las palabras que se interpretan es la parte más importante para un cantante, sobre todo para el que se encuentra en formación. En el programa de canto se trabaja el género vocal “canción académica” y suele estar en diferentes idiomas por lo que usualmente, los estudiantes no pueden traspasar la barrera idiomática para interpretar. El trabajo busca acercar al cantante en formación a la canción académica a través de la musicalización de cuatro poemas románticos de Rafael Pombo (Sueños I y II, Aire, Melancolía) con recomendaciones interpretativas que el compositor hace, teniendo en cuenta que él como cantante, pasó por la experiencia de interpretar repertorio de la canción académica.Licenciado en MúsicaTesis de pregradoUnderstanding the words or lyrics that are uttered or sung, is the most important facet for a singer, even more when they are in the formation process. In the programme of singing as main instrument, the vocal genre “academic song” is worked on and they are usually written in different languages, therefore, it is sometimes difficult for students to overcome the linguistic (language) barriers so they can interpret properly. This research seeks to bring the singer in formation, closer to the academic song through the musicalization of four romantic poems by Rafael Pombo namely Dreams I and II, Air, and Melancoly (in Spanish Sueños I y II, Aire y Melancolía) including some reccomendations for interpretation that the composer/author of this work suggests, taking into consideration the experiences taken from his own interpretation learning process of the academic song repertoir.
Elmohardyia martae Marques & Rafael, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textElmohardyia martae sp. nov. Figs 114–129 Diagnosis. Tergite 2 with narrow basal gray pruinose band and two posterolateral gray pruinose spots. Sternite 6 with two subapical protuberances. Surstyli asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed with apex greatly expanded, about 3 X longer than right surstylus. Right gonopod strongly developed, reaching to the apex of the phallic guide. Phallic guide simple. Phallus with strongly developed subapical spicule. Description of male holotype. (Fig. 114). Body length 4.6 mm. Head. Eyes contiguous for a distance of twenty facets. F, EM, V = 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.3 mm. Frontal triangle and face gray pruinose. Postcranium dark, gray-brown pruinose dorsally and gray pruinose laterally and ventrally. Antennae (Fig. 115) with scape dark brown to black; pedicel dark brown to black, with five dorsal and four ventral bristles; postpedicel dark brown, lighter towards margin. LPP/WPP = 2. Labellum dark yellow. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe brown, brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown to black, brown pruinose. Notopleuron brown, gray-brown pruinose with twelve weak bristles. Scutellum dark brown to black, brown pruinose, with inconspicuous bristles. Mesopleuron and mediotergite dark brown, gray pruinose. Wing. (Fig. 116). Length 4.8 mm. LW/MWW = 3.3. LTC/LFC = 1.4. Membrane somewhat hyaline; almost entirely covered with microtrichia, except for cells bc, basal half of c, basal three quarters of sc, basal one third of r 1, br, small basal area and superior part of bm, basal two thirds of cup and basal one third of anal lobe without or with greatly reduced microtrichia. Vein r-m placed just before basal third of cell dm. Vein dm-cu straight. Halter brown, except for black knob. Legs. (Fig. 114). Coxae dark brown to black, gray pruinose. Trochanters dark yellow. Femora dark brown to black with base and apex yellow, entirely gray pruinose posteriorly. Tibiae dark yellow with distal one third brown, gray pruinose. Tarsi brown, except fifth tarsomere darker or entirely black. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen. (Fig. 117). Dark brown, gray pruinose on tergite 1, on narrow basal band of tergite 2 and on posterolateral spots on tergites 2–5; tergite 1 with three stout dark brown bristles laterally. Tergite 6 and sternites 6, 7 as in Fig. 118. Sternite 6 (Fig. 119) with two asymmetrical subapical protuberances. Syntergosternite 8 dark brown, slightly shorter than tergite 5, brown pruinose anteriorly, gray pruinose posteriorly (Fig. 117) and with large membranous area (Fig. 120). Terminalia. Epandrium and surstyli yellow (Fig. 121). Surstyli (Figs 121–122) asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed, about 3 X longer than right surstylus; with one small protuberance medially and apex greatly expanded; lateral view as in Fig. 123. Right surstylus with apex curved inward and directed downward (Figs 122, 124). Subepandrial sclerite as in Fig. 125. Right gonopod strongly developed, reaching the level of phallic guide apex (Fig. 126). Phallic guide simple, without additional process (Figs 127, 128). Phallus with strongly developed spicule (Fig. 127). Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 129. Female unknown. Variation (paratype). Body length 4.2 mm. Wing length 4.4 mm. Type Material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BRASIL, MA[ranhão], Caxias, Res.[erva] Ecol.[ógica] Inhamum” “Armadilha Malaise, 23–27.ii. 2005, G.A. Cunha, cols [collectors]” “ Holotype ♂, Elmohardyia martae Marques & Rafael ” (CZMA). PARATYPE: idem, Carolina, Serra Grande, 07°04' 28 "S, 47 ° 24 ' 12 "W, 13.xii. 2011, Arm. Malaise, F.L. Oliveira & J. Vidal (1 ♂ INPA). Holotype condition. Left wing detached, mounted on microslide. Terminalia placed in microvial with glycerin. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Marta Maria Almeida Marques, mother of the first author. Distribution. Brazil: Maranhão (Cerrado Biome). Discussion. Elmohardyia martae sp. nov. is close to E. quadricornis sp. nov. due to the strongly developed right gonopod, almost reaching to the apex of the phallic guide, and the phallus with a long subapical spicule. Elmohardyia martae sp. nov. differs from E. quadricornis sp. nov. by the somewhat triangular apex of the left surstylus (somewhat subquadrangular in E. quadricornis sp. nov.), the simple phallic guide (two additional processes present in E. quadricornis sp. nov.) and the subapical spicule being simple apically (being bifid apically in E. quadricornis sp. nov.).Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A. & Rafael, José A., 2015, Elmohardyia Rafael (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from northeastern Brazil: new records and description of new species, pp. 301-327 in Zootaxa 3972 (3) on pages 314-317, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23645
La guerra perdida del Indio Lorenzo, de Rafael Baena: ¿novela indigenista o con indios?
No full textResumen:
Este artículo analiza la manera en que se da cuenta de lo indígena en La guerra perdida del indio Lorenzo (2015), la última novela publicada en vida por el escritor colombiano Rafael Baena (1956-2015). El pretendido carácter indigenista de la obra, anunciado ya desde el título epónimo, no se correspondería con el protagonismo apenas relativo del personaje de Victoriano Lorenzo ni con otros elementos que problematizan la reivindicación de una cuestión indígena particular.
Palabras clave: Rafael Baena, La guerra perdida del indio Lorenzo, novela colombiana, indios en la literatura, indigenismo literario.
Abstract:
This article analyzes the manner we become aware of the indigenous theme in La guerra perdida del indio Lorenzo (2015), the last novel published by the Colombian author, Rafael Baena (1956-2105) during his lifetime. The presumptive indigenist character of the work, announced starting with the eponymic title, does not correspond with the barely reletive protagonism of the character Victoriano Lorenzo or to with other elements that problematize the vindication of a particular indigenous issue.
Keywords: Rafael Baena, La guerra perdida del indio Lorenzo, Colombian novel, Indians in literature, Literary indigenism
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