1,720,988 research outputs found
Integración de estudiantes de nivel medio a nuevos grupos de trabajo y estudio
Full text linkFil: López, A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra Microbiología General y de los Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Bazán, R. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra Microbiología General y de los Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Aguada, M. Instituto Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón; Argentina.Fil: Candeloro, M. IPEAyT 189; Argentina.Fil: Larrosa, N. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra Microbiología General y de los Alimentos; Argentina.La extensión universitaria es un proceso
interactivo entre la Universidad y la sociedad, dicho vínculo pone en
juego saberes y valores a partir de diferentes supuestos y
posicionamientos. Se destacan varias líneas principales, divulgación
cultural y científica, promoción social y comunitaria, servicios a
terceros e innovación y transferencia tecnológica y la extensión
académica. Esta última comprende múltiples actividades dirigidas a un
variado universo de destinatarios. A través de convenios de pasantías
no rentadas, alumnos de dos colegios de nivel medio de la ciudad de
Córdoba, compartieron con estudiantes universitarios el espacio de los
seminarios teórico-prácticos de la asignatura Microbiología General y
de los Alimentos durante el primer semestre del año 2016.http://www.inv.icta.efn.uncor.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Libro-de-resumenes.pdfFil: López, A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra Microbiología General y de los Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Bazán, R. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra Microbiología General y de los Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Aguada, M. Instituto Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón; Argentina.Fil: Candeloro, M. IPEAyT 189; Argentina.Fil: Larrosa, N. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra Microbiología General y de los Alimentos; Argentina.Otras Ingeniería Químic
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Catheter-related deep vein thrombosis: Where are we at and where are we going? Updates and ongoing unmet clinical needs
Full text linkBackground: Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) is one of the major complications affecting patients with indwelling venous catheters, usually involving the upper extremity deep venous system. This condition can lead to potentially life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism and sepsis. The risk of developing CRT varies depending on type of catheters and patient characteristics. Despite advances in materials and technologies, the actual incidence of CRT is still considerable. Available evidence on CRT management remains controversial, and clinical guidelines base their recommendations on data from non-catheter related upper extremity or lower extremity deep venous thromboses. Aims: This narrative review aims to describe the epidemiology of CRT, to review the available evidence on its management and to highlight the current unmet needs. Methods: No formal search strategy was applied for the revision of the literature. The main sources of information used were Medline and guidelines from international societies. Content: The management of CRT requires a careful balance between the risk of thrombus progression, recurrent events, and systemic embolization and the increased bleeding risk in often fragile patients. Open issues include the optimal management of the catheter and the type and duration of anticoagulant therapy. Direct oral anticoagulants are increasingly prescribed, representing an important alternative to the standard of care low molecular weight heparins in selected cases. The development of new anticoagulant drugs such as factors XI and XII inhibitors may offer further advantages in this context. Conclusions: The management of CRT is still challenging with constant need for updated evidence to support tailored approaches
Venous thromboembolism in cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Full text linkBACKGROUND
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication in cancer patients receiving adjuvant treatment. The risk of VTE during neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy remains unclear.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review evaluated the incidence of VTE in patients with cancer receiving neoadjuvant treatment.
METHODS
MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to October 2017. Search results were supplemented with screening of conference proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2009-2016) and the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (2003-2016). Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts, and extracted data onto standardized forms.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight cohort studies (7827 cancer patients, range 11 to 1398) were included. Twenty-five had a retrospective design. Eighteen cohorts included patients with gastrointestinal cancer representing over two-thirds of the whole study population (n = 6002, 78%). In total, 508 of 7768 patients were diagnosed with at least one VTE during neoadjuvant treatment for a pooled VTE incidence of 7% (95% CI, 5% to 10%) in absence of substantial between study heterogeneity. Heterogeneity was not explained by site of cancer or study design characteristics. VTE presented as pulmonary embolism in 22% to 96% of cases (16 cohorts), and it was symptomatic in 22% to 100% of patients (11 cohorts). Highest VTE rates were observed in patients with bladder (10.6%) or esophageal (8.4%) cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
This review found a relatively high incidence of VTE in cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy in the presence of some between study variation, which deserves further evaluation in prospective studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Full text linkBackground
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) oHen complicates the clinical course of cancer. The risk is further increased by chemotherapy, but the
trade-oJ between safety and eJicacy of primary thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy is uncertain. This is
the third update of a review first published in February 2012.
Objectives
To assess the eJicacy and safety of primary thromboprophylaxis for VTE in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy compared
with placebo or no thromboprophylaxis, or an active control intervention.
Search methods
For this update the Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Cochrane Vascular, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL
databases and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov trials registers to 3 August
2020. We also searched the reference lists of identified studies and contacted content experts and trialists for relevant references.
Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials comparing any oral or parenteral anticoagulant or mechanical intervention to no thromboprophylaxis or
placebo, or comparing two diJerent anticoagulants.
Data collection and analysis
We extracted data on risk of bias, participant characteristics, interventions, and outcomes including symptomatic VTE and major bleeding
as the primary eJectiveness and safety outcomes, respectively. We applied GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence.
Main results
We identified six additional randomised controlled trials (3326 participants) for this update, bringing the included study total to 32 trials
(15,678 participants), all evaluating pharmacological interventions and performed mainly in people with locally advanced or metastatic
cancer. The certainty of the evidence ranged from high to very low across the diJerent outcomes and comparisons. The main limiting
factors were imprecision and risk of bias.
Thromboprophylaxis with direct oral anticoagulants (direct factor Xa inhibitors apixaban and rivaroxaban) may decrease the incidence of
symptomatic VTE (RR 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18 to 1.06; 1526 participants, 3 studies; low-certainty evidence); and probably
increase the risk of major bleeding compared with placebo (RR 1.74, 95% CI 0.82 to 3.68; 1494 participants, 3 studies; moderate-certainty
evidence).
When compared with no thromboprophylaxis, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) reduced the incidence of symptomatic VTE (RR 0.62,
95% CI 0.46 to 0.83; 3931 participants, 11 studies; high-certainty evidence); and probably increased the risk of major bleeding events (RR
1.63, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.35; 7282 participants, 15 studies; moderate-certainty evidence).
In participants with multiple myeloma, LMWH resulted in lower symptomatic VTE compared with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin (RR
0.33, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.83; 439 participants, 1 study; high-certainty evidence), while LMWH probably lowers symptomatic VTE more than
aspirin (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.17; 781 participants, 2 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). Major bleeding was observed in none of the
participants with multiple myeloma treated with LMWH or warfarin and in less than 1% of those treated with aspirin.
Only one study evaluated unfractionated heparin against no thromboprophylaxis, but did not report on VTE nor major bleeding.
When compared with placebo or no thromboprophylaxis, warfarin may importantly reduce symptomatic VTE (RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.02 to 1.20;
311 participants, 1 study; low-certainty evidence) and may result in a large increase in major bleeding (RR 3.82, 95% CI 0.97 to 15.04; 994
participants, 4 studies; low-certainty evidence).
Antithrombin versus no antithrombin was evaluated in one study involving paediatric patients. This study did not report on symptomatic
VTE but did report any VTE (symptomatic and incidental VTE). The eJect of antithrombin on any VTE and major bleeding is uncertain (any
VTE RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.73 and major bleeding RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.03 to 18.57; 85 participants, 1 study; very low-certainty evidence).
Authors' conclusions
In ambulatory cancer patients, primary thromboprophylaxis with direct factor Xa inhibitors may reduce the incidence of symptomatic VTE
(low-certainty evidence) and probably increases the risk of major bleeding (moderate-certainty evidence) when compared with placebo.
LMWH decreased the incidence of symptomatic VTE (high-certainty evidence), but increased the risk of major bleeding (moderate-certainty
evidence) when compared with placebo or no thromboprophylaxis. Evidence for the use of thromboprophylaxis with anticoagulants other
than direct factor Xa inhibitors and LMWH is limited. More studies are warranted to evaluate the eJicacy and safety of primary prophylaxis
in specific types of chemotherapeutic agents and types of cancer, such as gastrointestinal or genitourinary cancer
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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