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Patient personality dimensions and transference patterns: An empirical investigation
No full textIntroduction: Since Freud (1912, 1917) first recognized that patients
displace intense feelings and conflicts associated with a significant
figure of childhood onto the analyst, actualizing in therapy
their dysfunctional patterns of relatedness, the concept of transference
has revised radically. Beyond the theoretical divergences,
as well as the technical controversies related to the use of transference
interventions across various treatment (Bateman, Fonagy,
& Gabbard, 2007; Gelso & Bhatia, 2012; Gilbert & Leahy, 2007;
Høglend, 2014; Yeomans, Clarkin, & Kernberg, 2015), in the contemporary
terms, it refers to a patient’s patterns of feeling, thought,
perception, motivation, and behavior that emerge within the therapeutic
relationship, and reflects enduring aspects of the patient’s
personality functioning (Westen & Gabbard, 2002). Clinicians of
all theoretical orientations should pay particular attention to these
ubiquitous phenomena that provide valuable information on patients’
core psychological dynamics (Gabbard, 2014; Høglend,
2014; Kernberg, 1984; Lingiardi & McWilliams, 2017; McWilliams,
2011). To date, only a few empirical investigations have examined
the relationship between transference patterns and patients’ personality
pathology. Overall, research findings indicated that patients
with Cluster A and B personality disorders, compared to Cluster C
patients, tend to enact more dysfunctional and difficult to manage
relational patterns in therapy; moreover, among Cluster B, borderline
patients showed mixed and intense transference responses in
therapy (e.g., Bradley, Heim, & Westen, 2005; Bourke & Grenyer,
2010; Colli, Tanzilli, Gualco, & Lingiardi, 2016; Drapeau & Perry,
2009; Drapeau, Perry, & Koerner, 2010; Ruiz, Pincus, & Bedics,
1999; Stern, Herron, Primavera, & Kakuma, 1997). However, no
research has considered the associations with personality dimensions
or traits. The present study attempted to bridge this gap using
a dimensional diagnostic approach based on a multifaceted model of personality syndromes: the SWAP Personality Dimension Scales
(Shedler & Westen, 2004). These personality dimensions showed
psychometrically robust characteristics and clinical sensitivity to
capture the complexity of personality pathology (see Westen &
Muderrisoglu, 2006). Method: A national sample of clinicians of
different theoretical orientations (N=90) completed the Psychotherapy
Relationship Questionnaire (PRQ; Bradley et al., 2005; Westen,
2000) to identify transference patterns, and the Shedler-Westen
Assessment Procedure-200 (SWAP-200; Shedler & Westen, 2004;
Shedler, Westen, & Lingiardi, 2014) to assess personality dimensions
regarding a patient currently in their care. Notably, in this
study we used (a) the empirically supported PRQ version (Tanzilli,
Colli, Gualco, & Lingiardi, 2018), that consists of six transference
dimensions characterized by excellent internal consistency
(Streiner, 2003): hostile (α=.93), positive/working alliance
(α=.88), special/entitled (α=.84), anxious/preoccupied (α=.82),
avoidant/dismissing attachment (α=.81), and sexualized (α=.88);
and (b) the twelve SWAP Personality Dimension Scales identified
by Shedler and Westen (2004) performing a factor analysis to all
the SWAP-200 items: psychological health; psychopathy; hostility;
narcissism; emotional dysregulation; dysphoria; schizoid orientation;
obsessionality; thought disorder (or schizotipy); oedipal conflict
(or histrionic sexualization); dissociation; and sexual conflict.
Results: Bivariate correlations showed that distinct SWAP personality
dimension scales were significantly associated with specific
transference patterns. Notably, the SWAP hostility and psychopathy
were positively related to hostile transference, while the SWAP narcissism
correlated with special/entitled pattern. Positive/working
alliance pattern was negatively related to the SWAP schizoid orientation,
while the SWAP dysphoria correlated positively with anxious/
preoccupied transference. Avoidant/dismissing attachment
pattern was negatively and strongly related to the SWAP emotional
dysregulation, and positively associated with both SWAP schizoid
orientation and narcissism. Finally, sexualized transference was related
to the SWAP sexual conflict. Conclusions: These results
showed that transference patterns are coherently and meaningfully
related to patients’ personality features, confirming the diagnostic
value of these clinical phenomena as an essential tool in understanding
personality traits/dimensions that underlie the patients’
pathology. The implications for clinical practice are apparent given
that these findings inform clinicians of all theoretical approaches
about the interpersonal patterns that can be activated by their patients
during psychotherapy, providing a roadmap for effective therapeutic
intervention and decision making.. Moreover, this study
supports the potential strengths of the PRQ’s use in both empirical
and clinical contexts.
References
Bradley, R., Heim, A. K., & Westen, D. (2005). Transference patterns in the psychotherapy
of personality disorders: Empirical investigation. The British
Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 342–349. doi:10.1192/bjp.186.4.342
Høglend, P. (2014). Exploration of the patient–therapist relationship in psychotherapy.
The American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 1056–1066.
doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14010121
Lingiardi, V., & McWilliams, N. (Eds.). (2017). Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual,
2nd ed. (PDM-2). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Tanzilli, A., Colli, A., Gualco, I., & Lingiardi, V. (2018). Patient personality and
relational patterns in psychotherapy: Factor structure, reliability, and validity
of the Psychotherapy Relationship Questionnaire. Journal of Personality
Assessment, 100(1), 96-106. doi:10.1080/00223891.2016.1272050
Tanzilli, A., Lingiardi, V., & Hilsenroth, M. (2018). Patient SWAP-200 Personality
Dimensions and FFM Traits: Do They Predict Therapist Responses?. Personality
Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9(3), 250–262.
doi:10.1037/per000026
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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