1,720,955 research outputs found
Etudes des interfaces électrodes/électrolytes dans des batteries tout organiques tout solides
No full textFor several decades, the increase in demand for electric energy coupled with the awareness of the ecological crisis that threatens our planet push us to change the way of producing energy to renewable energy, which has peaks in production and therefore requires more efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage technologies. For this, electrochemical energy storage is a good candidate. Li-ion battery systems are currently the most developed and best known but still has safety problems and major ethical and ecological problems. To solve these problems, Li-ion systems based on organic materials are being investigated. However, organic materials suffer from high solubility in liquid organic solvents. To solve this problem of solubility, we studied all-solid-state organic batteries using first a well-known inorganic solid electrolyte (Li6PS5Cl argyrodite) and then an organic electrolyte based on COF and PEO. XPS is a major characterization technique for the battery field, particularly to study the interfacial reactivity between the electrolyte and the active material as well as the redox reactions of insertion and disinsertion of lithium ions during cycling. In this thesis we will therefore study the interfacial reactivity of different active materials to inorganicand organic solid electrolytes. At first, we selected various well known active materials in the world of organic batteries with an inorganic solid electrolyte. The poor results of these active materials in solid systems led us to study another organic active material with a high electronic conductivity : TCNQ and its derivatives (LiTCNQ and TTF-TCNQ) with argyrodite. The aim of the project was to develop all organic systems, so we decided to study two active materials with organic solid electrolytes.Depuis plusieurs décennies l’augmentation de la demande en énergie électrique couplée à la prise de conscience de la crise écologique qui menace notre planète, nous pousse à changer notre mode de production d’énergie vers des énergies renouvelables qui ont des pics de production qui nous demandent donc des techniques de stockage de l’énergie plus performante et écologique. Pour cela, le stockage électrochimique de l’énergie est un bon candidat. Les systèmes de batteries Li-ion sont actuellement les plus développés et les plus connus mais posent encore des problèmes de sécurité et de gros problèmes éthique et écologique. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, des systèmes au Li-ion basées sur des matériaux organiques sont étudiés. Cependant, les matériaux organiques souffrent d’une grande solubilité dans les solvants organiques liquides. Pour résoudrece problème de solubilité, nous avons étudié des batteries organiques "tout solide" en utilisant premièrement un électrolyte solide inorganique très connu (l’argyrodite Li6PS5Cl) puis un électrolyte organique basé sur un COF et le PEO. L’XPS est une technique de caractérisation majeure pour le domaine des batteries, particulièrement pour étudier la réactivité interfaciale entre l’électrolyte et le matériau actif ainsi que les réactions redox d’insertion et désinsertion des ions lithium pendant le cyclage. Dans cette thèse nous étudierons donc la réactivité interfaciale de différents matériaux actifs vis-à-vis d’électrolytes solides inorganique et organique. Dans un premier temps, nous avons sélectionné différents matériaux actifs très connus dans le monde des batteries organiques avec un électrolyte solide inorganique. Les mauvais résultats de ces matériaux actifs en systèmes tout solides nous ont poussé à étudier un autre matériau actif organique ayant une forte conductivité électronique : la TCNQ et plusieurs de ses dérivés (LiTCNQ et TTF-TCNQ) avec l’argyrodite. Le but du projet étant de développer des systèmes tout organique, nous avons donc décidé d’étudier deux matériaux actifs avec des électrolytes solides organiques
Etudes des interfaces électrodes/électrolytes dans des batteries tout organiques tout solides
No full textFor several decades, the increase in demand for electric energy coupled with the awareness of the ecological crisis that threatens our planet push us to change the way of producing energy to renewable energy, which has peaks in production and therefore requires more efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage technologies. For this, electrochemical energy storage is a good candidate. Li-ion battery systems are currently the most developed and best known but still has safety problems and major ethical and ecological problems. To solve these problems, Li-ion systems based on organic materials are being investigated. However, organic materials suffer from high solubility in liquid organic solvents. To solve this problem of solubility, we studied all-solid-state organic batteries using first a well-known inorganic solid electrolyte (Li6PS5Cl argyrodite) and then an organic electrolyte based on COF and PEO. XPS is a major characterization technique for the battery field, particularly to study the interfacial reactivity between the electrolyte and the active material as well as the redox reactions of insertion and disinsertion of lithium ions during cycling. In this thesis we will therefore study the interfacial reactivity of different active materials to inorganicand organic solid electrolytes. At first, we selected various well known active materials in the world of organic batteries with an inorganic solid electrolyte. The poor results of these active materials in solid systems led us to study another organic active material with a high electronic conductivity : TCNQ and its derivatives (LiTCNQ and TTF-TCNQ) with argyrodite. The aim of the project was to develop all organic systems, so we decided to study two active materials with organic solid electrolytes.Depuis plusieurs décennies l’augmentation de la demande en énergie électrique couplée à la prise de conscience de la crise écologique qui menace notre planète, nous pousse à changer notre mode de production d’énergie vers des énergies renouvelables qui ont des pics de production qui nous demandent donc des techniques de stockage de l’énergie plus performante et écologique. Pour cela, le stockage électrochimique de l’énergie est un bon candidat. Les systèmes de batteries Li-ion sont actuellement les plus développés et les plus connus mais posent encore des problèmes de sécurité et de gros problèmes éthique et écologique. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, des systèmes au Li-ion basées sur des matériaux organiques sont étudiés. Cependant, les matériaux organiques souffrent d’une grande solubilité dans les solvants organiques liquides. Pour résoudrece problème de solubilité, nous avons étudié des batteries organiques "tout solide" en utilisant premièrement un électrolyte solide inorganique très connu (l’argyrodite Li6PS5Cl) puis un électrolyte organique basé sur un COF et le PEO. L’XPS est une technique de caractérisation majeure pour le domaine des batteries, particulièrement pour étudier la réactivité interfaciale entre l’électrolyte et le matériau actif ainsi que les réactions redox d’insertion et désinsertion des ions lithium pendant le cyclage. Dans cette thèse nous étudierons donc la réactivité interfaciale de différents matériaux actifs vis-à-vis d’électrolytes solides inorganique et organique. Dans un premier temps, nous avons sélectionné différents matériaux actifs très connus dans le monde des batteries organiques avec un électrolyte solide inorganique. Les mauvais résultats de ces matériaux actifs en systèmes tout solides nous ont poussé à étudier un autre matériau actif organique ayant une forte conductivité électronique : la TCNQ et plusieurs de ses dérivés (LiTCNQ et TTF-TCNQ) avec l’argyrodite. Le but du projet étant de développer des systèmes tout organique, nous avons donc décidé d’étudier deux matériaux actifs avec des électrolytes solides organiques
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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