71,086 research outputs found
De haven van Viana do Castelo
No full textHet in Viana do Castelo uitgevoerde project voldoet niet op een aantal punten. In dit afstudeerwerk wordt geprobeerd tot een zo goed mogelijk ontwerp van de havenuitbreiding te komen door het bestaande ontwerp te verbeteren en/of te veranderen. Om tot een optimaal ontwerp te komen worden de volgende stappen uitgevoerd: -Beoordeling van de kustwaterbouwkundige onderdelen van het bestaande project op economische en functionele aspecten. -Uitwerking van alternatieven voor de.onderdelen waarvoor de bovenstaande beoordeling slecht uitvalt. -Vergelijking van de gepresenteerde alternatieven op genoemde aspecten om te komen tot de keuze van een optimaal alternatief. -Schetsmatige uitwerking van het gekozen alternatief.KustwaterbouwkundeHydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Een rechtsvergelijkend onderzoek over de ervaringen met Titel VIA van Boek 4 van het Wetboek van Strafvordering
Full text linkTitle VIA contains provisions relating to the criminal investigation of offences 'outside the judicial district of a court'. The title creates a basis in Dutch law for exercising certain criminal investigative powers on the territory of foreign states, the (Dutch) territorial sea and the high seas, the air above and the (cosmic) space. Not only does Title VIA provide a general foundation for criminal investigations by Dutch authorities in foreign countries, it also contains a number of specific rules for such investigations which depart from the other rules in the Code of Criminal Procedure.The main research question is to what extent and in which manner Title VIA of the fourth book of the Dutch Code of Criminal Procedure should be amended in order to remove any impediments, shortcomings and sources of confusion. This question will be dealt with through the next four sub-questions:What can be said, in general, about the background and development of the provisions in Title VIA with regard to criminal investigation 'outside the judicial district of a court'?How often have the ARTICLES: in Title VIA been applied in concrete cases from 2010-2018, and in which contexts?What experiences do the actors involved have with the application of the title?What comparable legal provisions exist in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany and France and what are the differences and similarities with the Dutch legislation?Het Wetboek van Strafvordering (Sv) bevat in Titel VIA van het vierde boek (de art. 539a-539w Sv) bepalingen met betrekking tot de opsporing van en het onderzoek naar strafbare feiten buiten het rechtsgebied van een rechtbank. De titel schept een basis in het Nederlandse recht voor de uitoefening van bepaalde strafvorderlijke bevoegdheden op het grondgebied van vreemde staten, de (Nederlandse) territoriale en volle zee, de lucht daarboven en de (kosmische) ruimte. Niet alleen biedt de titel een algemene grondslag voor strafrechtelijk onderzoek en opsporing door Nederlandse autoriteiten in het buitenland, ook bevat de titel een aantal bijzondere regels voor dergelijk optreden waarbij juist wordt afgeweken van de overige regels binnen het Wetboek van Strafvordering. Nederlandse opsporingsambtenaren zullen immers doorgaans niet ter plaatse zijn op het moment dat zich op afgelegen locaties, zoals op zee of in de lucht, een strafbaar feit voltrekt. Ook kan een verdachte niet zomaar voor een rechterlijke autoriteit worden geleid wanneer hij zich op een schip midden op de oceaan bevindt.De doelstelling van het onderzoek omvat vier onderdelen: (1) het beschrijven van de inhoud en context van de bepalingen inzake strafvordering buiten het rechtsgebied van een rechtbank, (2) inzichtelijk maken van de toepassing van en ervaringen met deze bepalingen in de praktijk, (3) nagaan hoe strafvorderlijke bepalingen met een vergelijkbare doelstelling zijn vormgegeven in de buurlanden en (4) nagaan – op grond van de punten 2 en 3 – of het strekt tot aanbeveling om de art. 539a e.v. Sv aan te passen in het kader van de modernisering van het Wetboek van Strafvordering. De doelstellingen 1-3 worden beschouwd als de eerste fase van het onderzoek en doelstelling 4 als de tweede fase. Deze doelstellingen monden uit in de volgende onderzoeksvragen: Wat kan (op hoofdlijnen) worden gezegd over de achtergrond en ontwikkeling van de bepalingen met betrekking tot strafvordering buiten het rechtsgebied van een rechtbank? Hoe vaak werden in de periode 2010-2018 in concrete gevallen de art. 539a e.v. Sv in strafprocedures toegepast en in welke context? Welke ervaringen hebben betrokken partijen met de toepassing van de art. 539a e.v. Sv? Welke wettelijke mogelijkheden met vergelijkbare strekking als art. 539a e.v. Sv bestaan er in het Verenigd Koninkrijk, België, Duitsland en Frankrijk en welke verschillen en overeenkomsten zijn er met de Nederlandse wetgeving? INHOUD: 1. Inleiding: onderzoeksvragen en methodologie 2. De achtergrond van Titel VIA van Boek 4 van het Wetboek van Strafvordering 3. De toepassing van Titel VIA 4. Rechtsvergelijkend onderzoek 5. Beschouwing 6. Conclusies en aandachtspunten 7. Samenvatting 8. Summary 9. Bibliografie 10. Bijlage
Development of rail freight in Europe: what regulation can and cannot do - Policy Paper
No full textThe development of rail freight is central to the European Union's transportation policy. The EU objective regarding rail freight development is mainly driven by energy-related and environmental concerns (e.g. improving road safety and reducing pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and other adverse environmental impacts of road freight transport). As it has been the case for road and air transport and for other network industries (e.g. energy and telecommunications), deregulation and market opening have been the main policy options chosen by the European Union to promote sustainable development in rail freight. The European Union’s focus on competition and market opening is paramount, as it is a pre-condition for enhanced efficiency in the rail sector in general, and in the freight sector in particular. However, progress in the area of competition and market opening has been uneven across member states. This might be seen as an explanation of the remaining low modal share of rail freight in Europe. The issue of how to develop rail freight is not usually addressed from the angle of regulation. CERRE has chosen to do so, not solely because regulation is one of its key concerns but also because identifying what regulation can or cannot do amounts to assessing both the objectives of the EU (developing rail freight) and the means to achieve them (market opening).
Based on national case studies from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom, this paper shows that measures to establish competition are slowly but profoundly transforming the landscape of European rail freight operators. The “competitive solution” proposed by the EU, already tried and tested in many network industries, leads to significant changes
De digitale brieveneditie als basis voor de studie van het tijdschrift Van Nu en Straks
No full textThe tradition of studying the journal Van Nu en Straks (1893-1894; 1896-1901) originates from the moment that the last issue was published. It has gone through several stages, each of which having their own characteristics. Recent research has been characterised by an interdisciplinary, contextualizing and comparatist approach. To be able to do such research, it is crucial that inventories of all relevant sources are taken and (recently dug up) sources are edited and published. In the XXIst century it seems that the most productive way to do so is by using electronic tools and devices. The time has come to create a digital corpus of letters in which researchers can find all sources they need to study Van Nu en Straks. In this essay I discuss some advantages and disadvantages to digital scholarly editions alongside some essential conditions which should be fulfilled to carry out such a digital project properly
Van Gogh, The other story, A culturally diverse Van Gogh Museum: A framework for a culturally diverse Van Gogh Museum
No full textThe aim of this graduation project is to research the current way youngsters, with a diverse migration background (age 18-30 and living in Amsterdam) experience the Van Gogh Museum Amsterdam (VGM) and to design an intervention that provides them with a relevant and enriching Van Gogh experience to thereby increase its inclusiveness. Over the last years, the VGM noticed they were not reaching a diverse group of youngsters even though our society is becoming more diverse so, to welcome everyone and be ready for the audience of the future, they felt the need to change their attitude. To create a concept that is successful and supported, the youngsters have been involved in every step of the user centred, loosely applied, Design Thinking framework. Literature shows that to change the museum into a place where inclusion is enhanced Sandell (1995) three cultural dimensions of inclusion are defined; representation (of a person’s cultural heritage), participation (opportunities in cultural production) and access (opportunities to enjoy cultural services). To gain insights on what the users need to find these three dimensions in culture, 6 interviews and 2 museum visits were carried out. It was concluded that in experiencing culture, youngsters find it important to be able to do their own meaning making, feel a personal connection and have a fun and exiting experience. Instead of the VGM feeling distant, not relevant and at times boring, which is currently the case. From these insights a new museum mindset is formulated, to help the VGM to communicate more in the ‘language’ of the youngsters. This means that their communication should focus more on identification, with Van Gogh, then adoration, communicate more evocative that informative, provide more guidance than autonomy and present themselves more boldly than conventional. In the ideation phase it emerged that the personal letters Vincent van Gogh wrote during his life to his friends and family could be a great source of inspiration for youngsters nowadays. This led to the development of the ‘Van Gogh, the other story’ concept, where youngsters with a migration background get acquainted Vincent van Gogh's personal life story in a meaningful way, find connections between his life and their own and create an artwork in cooperation with a professional artist. Based on his original letters, five modern letters have been written, and made into a booklet, with themes that are of interest to young people today. When implemented continuously, multiple exhibitions can be made with the newly made artworks and be presented in neighbourhoods like the Bijlmer or Nieuw-West, making them easy to access for everyone. This way the youngsters can tell their own story through art, something that Van Gogh did too. After testing the concept it became clear that the participants felt more connected with Vincent van Gogh, the letters provided personal insights for them and the creation of an artwork felt like an exciting adventure, showing the potential impact of the ‘Van Gogh, The other story’ concept on the tree cultural dimensions, representation, participation and access.Design for Interactio
Correction to: The ‘can do, do do’ concept in COPD; quadrant interpretation, affiliation and tracking longitudinal changes
No full textFollowing publication of the original article [1], the authors identified a mistake in the author names, as both forename and initials were stated. Initially published author names: A. J. Alex van ’t Hul, E. H. Noortje Koolen, H. W. Jeroen van Hees, B. Bram van den Borst and M. A. Martijn Spruit Correct author names: Alex J. van ‘t Hul, Noortje H. Koolen, Jeroen W. van Hees, Bram van den Borst, Martijn A. Spruit. The original article has been corrected.</p
What Can Style Transfer and Paintings Do For Model Robustness?
No full textA common strategy for improving model robustness is through data augmentations. Data augmentations encourage models to learn desired invariances, such as invariance to horizontal flipping or small changes in color. Recent work has shown that arbitrary style transfer can be used as a form of data augmentation to encourage invariance to textures by creating painting-like images from photographs. However, a stylized photograph is not quite the same as an artist-created painting. Artists depict perceptually meaningful cues in paintings so that humans can recognize salient components in scenes, an emphasis which is not enforced in style transfer. Therefore, we study how style transfer and paintings differ in their impact on model robustness. First, we investigate the role of paintings as style images for stylization-based data augmentation. We find that style transfer functions well even without paintings as style images. Second, we show that learning from paintings as a form of perceptual data augmentation can improve model robustness. Finally, we investigate the invariances learned from stylization and from paintings, and show that models learn different invariances from these differing forms of data. Our results provide insights into how stylization improves model robustness, and provide evidence that artist-created paintings can be a valuable source of data for model robustness. Code and data are available at: https://github.com/hubertsgithub/style_painting_robustnessAccepted Author ManuscriptHuman Information Communication Desig
Golfomstandigheden voor de haven van Viana do Castelo
No full textDit deelontwerp bestaat uit een onderzoek naar de in het kustgebied van Viana do Castelo te verwachten golfomstandigheden, omdat de randvoorwaarden die golfomstandigheden aan een kustwaterbouwkundig projekt stellen van groot belang zijn. Er werd gezocht naar andere in aanmerking komende bronnen dan de metingen in Figueira da Foz, om aan de hand hiervan een zo verantwoord mogelijke beschrijving van het golfklimaat te geven. Dit golfklimaat wordt vervolgens vergeleken met de bij het projekt gebruikte gegevens,waarna een conclusie over de juistheid van deze gegevens geformuleerd wordt. Het deel ontwerp richt zich daarom op de onderstaande twee punten: 1- een onderzoek naar, en een vergelijking van zoveel mogelijk beschikbare golfgegevens voor het betreffende gebied. 2- een aan de resultaten van (1) gekoppelde studie naar de verandering die golven ondergaan wanneer zij zich verplaatsen van het diepe water van de oceaan naar de kustlokatie van het projekt.vloeistofmechanicaHydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
The performance of landscape concepts in spatial planning : branding, bonding and bringing about
No full textSpatial planners are expressive people. They often use landscape concepts, being metaphors that refer to landscape ideas and planning principles. Examples are Green Heart, Nature Pearls and the Camelisation of landscapes. Such landscape concepts seem ‘innocent’ but are ‘guilty’ of powerful effects. The power of a landscape concept is rooted in its colourful, rhetorical and multiple nature, in combination with the drives and political practice of its users. Accordingly, the first part of this study provides a theoretical or philosophical reflection on the use of landscape concepts in spatial planning, including views of Foucault, Deleuze and Latour. The effect of a landscape concept can be subtle and unexpected. For example, media indirectly couple assumptions about 'good planning' to the concept of National Landscape, i.e. the limited ideal of open landscapes. Using a concept also provides opportunities: it can be used for bonding people and promoting landscapes. For example, the concept Waterpark in a vision for the Dutch IJmeer region was a flexible and informal concept. This allowed the organisations involved to identify with the concept and bundle interests, although it was a temporarily success. The second part of this study provides more insight into Dutch regional planning practice and the use of landscape concepts. Finally, this study discusses the benefit of a 'will to connect' by planners in contrast to a 'will to control'
Thermal and photochemical reactions of dihydrodiazines
No full textThis thesis describes the results of an investigation into the thermal and photochemical reactivity of dihydrodiazines.In order to prepare the title compounds the diazines and some phenyldiazines are treated with phenyllithium in ether, yielding adducts resulting from attack of phenyllithium on the various positions of the heteroaromatic ring. With pyrimidine addition takes place mainly at C(4), with pyridazine at C(3). By using TMEDA, addition at C(2) in 4-phenylpyrimidine and at C(4) in pyridazine is strongly promoted. The structure of the adducts is studied by n.m.r. spectroscopy. The charge distribution pattern in the C(4)-adduct of pyrimidine and in both the C(3)-adduct and the C(4)-adduct of pyridazine is determined by comparing the carbon chemical shifts of these compounds with those of the corresponding dihydrodiazines obtained by hydrolysis of the adducts. C(5) in the phenyllithium-pyrimidine adduct carries little negative charge, C(4) in the phenyllithium-pyridazine adduct has a considerable amount of charge while the charge density at C(6) in the 3-adduct and both C(3) and C(5) in the 4-adduct of pyridazine is moderate.Some organolithium-diazine adducts and some dihydropyrimidines are treated with electrophilic reagents. Both 4,6-diphenyl-1(3)-lithio-1,4(3,4)-dihydropyrimidine and 4,6-diphenyl-1,4(3.4)-dihydropyrimidine are attacked by the electrophilic reagent (methyliodide, methyl chloroformate) at N(3), yielding 4,6-dipheny]-3-methyl(methoxycarbonyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidine. 4,4,6-Triphenyl-1,4(3,4)-dihydropyrimidine gives upon treatment with methyliodide mainly 3-methyl-4,4,6-triphenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine. The 3,4-dihydro structure of the products is established both spectroscopically and chemically. Reaction of 2-lithio-3-methyl-2,3-dihydropyridazine with methyliodide (methyl chloroformate, tosylchloride) gives the corresponding 2,3-dimethyl-(2-methoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-, 2-tosyl-3-methyl-)2,3-dihydropyridazine. 1-Lithio-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyrazine yields upon treatment with methyliodide 5-methyl-2-phenylpyrazine. Reaction with carbonyl compounds only yields high molecular material.Photolysis of 4-R-1,4(3,4)-dihydropyrimidines causes rearrangement to 5-R-1,2(2,3)-dihydropyrimidines, provided that the substituent R contains a π-bond in αposition to the heterocyclic ring (R=phenyl,isobutenyl,phenylethynyl). 4-Methyl-1,4(3,4)-dihydropyrimidine does not show this rearrangement. Chemical evidence is presented that the rearrangement occurs via the di-π-methane mechanism leading to 6-R-2,4-diazabicyclo [3.1.0] hex-2(3)-ene. This latter intermediate undergoes a thermal homo [1,5] hydrogen shift into 5-R-2,5-dihydropyrimidine which on tautomerization gives the final product. The reaction can be sensitized by acetone. 4,5-Diphenyl-, 5-methyl-4-phenyl and 5-bromo-4-phenyl-1,4(3,4)-dihydropyrimidine do not rearrange under photochemical conditions.Several 4-R-1,4(3,4)-dihydropyrimidines (R=2- or 3-thienyl,2-furyl, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolyl and 3-pyridyl) containing heteroaryl vinyl methane moieties undergo photochemical rearrangement into 5-R-1,2(2,3)-dihydropyrimidines. Oxidation of these compounds yield 5-heteroarylpyrimidines. The chemical yields are strongly dependent of the nature of the heteroaryl group.The existence of a 6-R-2,4-diazabicyclo [3.1.0] hex-2(3)-ene as an intermediate in the photoisomerization of 4-R-1,4(3,4)- dihydropyrimidines into 5-R-1,2(2,3)-dihydropyrimidines is confirmed spectroscopically in case R= p -trifluoromethylphenyl. It is established that the p -trifluoromethylphenyl group is in exo position in the bicyclic compound. 6- Exo -( p -trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,4-diazabicyclo [3.1.0] hex- 2(3)-ene immediately gives 5-( p -trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,2(2,3)- dihydropyrimidine upon addition of potassium hydroxide in methanol.Photolysis of 4-R-1,4(3,4)-dihydropyrimidines causes ring contraction into imidazoles, provided that the substituent R is sufficiently capable of stabilizing an anionic centre (R=2-thiazolyl and 2- or 4-pyridyl). Chemical evidence is presented that the ring contraction of 6-phenyl-4-(2-pyridyl)-1,4(3,4)-dihydropyrimidine occurs via heterolytic fission of the C(1)-C(6) bond of intermediate 1-phenyl-6-(2-pyridyl)-2,4-diazabicyclo [3.1.0] hex-2(3)-ene. The anion stabilizing effect of R is correlated with the acid strength (pKa) of R-CH 3 . A pKa value around 30 determines the border-line between ring contraction into an imidazole and formation of an isomeric 5-R-1,2(2,3)-dihydropyrimidine
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