102,795 research outputs found
STREAM (SaTellite based Runoff Evaluation And Mapping) code
No full textMatlab implementation of STREAM (SaTellite based Runoff Evaluation And Mapping) code (uploaded in GitHub).
Additional info here:
Camici, S., Giuliani, G., Brocca, L., Massari, C., Tarpanelli, A., Farahani, H. H., Sneeuw, N., Restano, M., and Benveniste, J.: Synergy between satellite observations of soil moisture and water storage anomalies for global runoff estimation, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-399, in review, 2021
The Role of Vascular Aging in Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Vulnerability
No full textBACKGROUND
The ongoing demographical shift is leading to an unprecedented aging of the population. As a consequence, the prevalence of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications is set to increase in the near future. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening characterize arterial aging and set the stage for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerotic plaques evolve over time, the extent to which these changes might affect their stability and predispose to sudden complications remains to be determined. Recent advances in imaging technology will allow for longitudinal prospective studies following the progression of plaque burden aimed at better characterizing changes over time associated with plaque stability or rupture. Oxidative stress and inflammation, firmly established driving forces of age-related CV dysfunction, also play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture. Several genes involved in lifespan determination are known regulator of redox cellular balance and pre-clinical evidence underlines their pathophysiological roles in age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this narrative review is to examine the impact of aging on arterial function and atherosclerotic plaque development. Furthermore, we report how molecular mechanisms of vascular aging might regulate age-related plaque modifications and how this may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to attenuate the increased risk of CV disease in elderly people
Change in stereospecificity of bovine lens aldose reductase modified by oxidative stress.
No full textBovine lens aldose reductase (alditol:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21) undergoes an oxidative modification, greatly stimulated by high ionic strength, upon incubation in the presence of oxygen radical generating systems (Del Corso, A., Camici, M., and Mura, U. (1987) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 148, 369-375). The enzyme modification is accompanied by a change in stereospecificity toward the two enantiomers of glyceraldehyde. In particular, the Km for L-glyceraldehyde of the native form increased over 150 times after the enzyme modification, with a decrease in the catalytic efficiency of over 200 times. By contrast, for the D-enantiomer the Km increased only 7 times with respect to the native form, with a concomitant decrease in the catalytic efficiency of only approximately 3 times. This dramatic change in stereospecificity may account for the reported apparent cooperative behavior exhibited also by highly purified electrophoretically homogeneous preparations of aldose reductase.[...
Still poor prognosis for patients with giant cell myocarditis in the era of temporary mechanical circulatory supports
No full textThe beginning at the end: non-invasive assessment of post-transplant coronary allograft vasculopathy at the microcirculatory level
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Unrevealing Takotsubo syndrome. appraising what has emerged from the International journal of cardiology contributions in 2019
No full textTakotsubo Syndrome (TTS) has received much attention in recentyears because of its intriguing clinical presentation and pathophysiology [1]. It has been 27 years since Sato et al. described a clinical condition in which patients present with an abrupt angina-like chest pain and diffuse ST-segment changes in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) [1]. Although recent work has added several pieces to the complex puzzle of the pathophysiology of TTS (Fig. 1), multiple aspects remain unclear [2]. A number of articles published recently in the International Journal of Cardiology in 2019 have provided novel important contributions to our understanding of this condition
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: what is the prognosis?
No full textMyocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary stenosis (MINOCA) is a syndrome with several causes, characterized by clinical evidence of myocardial infarction and coronary angiographically normal or almost normal (stenosis <= 50%). MINOCAs represent about 10% of acute coronary syndromes. The causes of MINOCA are manifold and can be classified on the basis of the mechanism in epicardial (unstable plaque not manifested by angiography, epicardial spasm and coronary dissection) or microvascular. The latter in turn can be divided into intrinsic (microvascular spasm, Takotsubo syndrome and coronary embolization) and extrinsic (myocarditis). In the former, the dysfunctional microcirculation causes myocardial necrosis due to reduction of the lumen due to vasoconstriction and / or obstruction, while in the latter, the compression of the lumen occurs ab extrinsic due to myocardial edema. Note that the prognosis of MINOCA is extremely variable and depends on the underlying cause with high risk clinical subsets. A correct diagnostic procedure includes first level tests (clinical / anamnestic examination, ECG, myocardial necrosis enzyme dosage, trans-thoracic echocardiogram, coronary angiography, ventriculogram) and second level tests (intracoronary imaging, coronary vasomotor test, cardiac nuclear magnetic resonance and trans-esophageal or contrast ultrasound). Through this process, it is possible to identify the cause of MINOCA, fundamental for targeting therapy on the disease mechanism, thus constituting a typical example of precision medicine
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