1,721,056 research outputs found
Fluid paths to the cabinet in federal presidential systems: Argentina 1983–2020
Get PDFThe study of political careers has focused mainly on highly institutionalized systems. This article examines the extent to which the findings from this research agenda apply to more fluid settings, looking at trajectories to the national cabinet in a regime combining presidentialism and federalism: Argentina from 1983 to 2020. We propose an operationalization of political career that integrates five definitional dimensions, looks at full sequences of single occupational positions, and tests six expectations derived from the literature. When only political jobs are taken into account, we found that careers show significant movement from the subnational level and predominance of executive experience. However, when all occupational jobs are considered, political positions are pulled into second place behind the private sector. Most unexpectedly, in a significant percentage of cases, a ministerial position does not appear to be the last step of a political career but rather an initial springboard thereof.Fil: Camerlo, Marcelo. Universidade Nova de Lisboa; PortugalFil: Malamud, Andrés. Universidade Nova de Lisboa; PortugalFil: Molina, Anabella. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
“Progresso com justiça e desenvolvimento com igualdade”: a gaiola de ferro nas prestações de contas eleitorais e partidárias no Brasil
No full textEsta tese investiga as dinâmicas do controle das prestações de contas eleitorais e partidárias no
Brasil, analisando desafios estruturais e institucionais que comprometem a fiscalização do
financiamento político. Fundamentado em teorias sobre burocracia, institucionalismo e
mudanças organizacionais, o estudo utiliza entrevistas e questionários aplicados a servidores
dos tribunais regionais eleitorais para compreender as dificuldades na aplicação das normativas
eleitorais e a persistência de práticas informais no sistema político brasileiro.
Os achados indicam que a flexibilização das normas, aliada ao não cumprimento do
princípio da preclusão, transforma a fiscalização das contas públicas em um processo
meramente simbólico. Isso favorece o surgimento de instituições informais acomodativas, que
substituem funções das entidades formais, comprometendo a transparência do financiamento
eleitoral.
A análise das reformas institucionais desde 1965 evidencia avanços normativos pontuais,
mas também resistência à ruptura com práticas tradicionais. A burocracia estatal, caracterizada
por rigidez normativa e um processo decisório centralizado, distancia as instituições das
demandas da sociedade civil. Esse fenômeno reflete um isomorfismo institucional que perpetua
modelos administrativos ineficazes, dificultando adaptações necessárias à governança
democrática.
Os resultados indicam que fortalecer a governança eleitoral exige não apenas reformas
normativas, mas também a aproximação entre instituições e sociedade civil. Educação cívica,
transparência e responsabilização de agentes políticos são fundamentais para um sistema
eleitoral mais equitativo e legítimo.
Conclui-se que as reformas institucionais no Brasil enfrentam desafios estruturais que
comprometem sua eficácia. Superar barreiras burocráticas e combater a influência de
instituições informais são passos essenciais para fortalecer a integridade do financiamento
político e restaurar a confiança no sistema eleitoral.This thesis investigates the dynamics of electoral and party financial accountability in Brazil,
focusing on the challenges faced by public institutions. Grounded in theories of bureaucracy,
institutionalism, and organizational change, the study employs interviews and surveys with
officials from regional electoral courts to identify structural and procedural barriers that hinder
the effective enforcement of electoral regulations, as well as to reveal informal practices that
persist within the Brazilian political system.
The findings indicate that the frequent amendments to formal rules – often aimed at relaxing
controls – and the failure to uphold the principle of preclusion suggest an underlying intention
to transform financial oversight into a mere bureaucratic formality. This environment fosters
the emergence of accommodative informal institutions, which assume functions that should be
exclusively performed by formal entities.
An analysis of institutional reforms and recent regulatory modifications
highlights incremental progress alongside persistent resistance to breaking away from
entrenched practices. The bureaucratic culture that characterizes Brazilian political institutions
largely distances them from societal demands, reflecting a system that has yet to achieve full
democratization.
The results suggest that strengthening electoral institutions requires more than normative
and structural adjustments – it demands closer ties between institutions and civil society. Civic
education, political transparency, and the accountability of public officials emerge as key pillars
for fostering a more inclusive and democratic political system.
The study concludes that institutional reforms in Brazil reflect profound democratic
challenges, underscoring the need for solutions that enhance transparency and fairness.
Ensuring a more equitable and accountable electoral systemis crucial for advancing democratic
governance and reinforcing public trust in political institutions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Unilateral, against all odds:Portfolio allocation in Ecuador (1979–2015)
No full textFor nearly four decades of democratic existence, Ecuador has consistently displayed some of the highest cabinet turnover rates in Latin America. However, cabinet instability defies the proposed portfolio allocation and design (PAD) approach in two important ways. First, cabinet instability is—predictably—observed under conditions of high legislative fragmentation (such as during the 1979–2007 period) but also appears in governments that enjoy single-party majorities or near majorities in the legislature (namely the Correa administrations between 2007 and 2017). Second, chief executives since the return to democracy have almost exclusively adopted unilateral strategies to manage their cabinets, making ministerial appointments largely from within the president’s own party or close affiliates. Contrary to theoretical expectations, presidents pursued unilateral strategies—and did not seek to recruit ministers from other parties—even when they lacked partisan support in the legislature, confronted political crises, or had low approval ratings. Part of the explanation lies with the peculiar nature of Ecuador’s coalitional presidentialism, which undermines the value of cabinet positions as preferred currencies for securing legislative support and privileges short-term, particularistic, and clandestine agreements instead. We show that cabinet instability during single-party government takes the form of cabinet rotation and reflects the president’s continuous need to advance his own agenda while maintaining the loyal support of competing factions. This chapter suggests the need to further explore the link between PAD and policymaking in presidential regimes.<br/
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